 Preparation of orange peel and metal ions sol’n (MIS)

Orange peel

- sliced and crushed then sieved to 500 µm

- undergo FTIR

END

CuSO4·5H2O

- dissolved the required quantity in double

distilled water

- measure the pH and initial concentration

of MIS

END
 Batch adsorption experiments

250 mL conical flask

𝑚𝑔
+ 100 mL MIS (100 ) (pH = 2.0 – 7.0)
𝐿
𝑔
+ CWOP (1 )
𝐿
𝑟𝑒𝑣
- agitated at constant speed (600 )
𝑚𝑖𝑛

mixed sol’n

- measure final concentration

END
 Adsorption equilibrium experiments

250 mL conical flask

𝑚𝑔
+ 100 mL MIS (100 ) (pH = 5.0)
𝐿
𝑔
+ CWOP (1 )
𝐿
𝑟𝑒𝑣
- agitated at constant speed (600 )
𝑚𝑖𝑛

- trials at different temperatures

(20, 30, 40, 50 ˚C)

mixed sol’n

- measure final concentration

𝑚𝑔
- calculate metal ions absorbed, qeq ( )
𝑔

END
 Adsorption kinetics experiment

2 L jacketed reactor
𝑚𝑔
+ 1 L MIS (10 – 40 ) (pH = 5.0)
𝐿

+ CWOP (0.4 – 1.2 g)

𝑟𝑒𝑣
- agitated (200, 400, 600 ) (T = 20 ˚C)
𝑚𝑖𝑛

mixed sol’n

- withdrawal of sol’n over time

(10, 20, …, 60 s)

5 mL of sol’n
𝑟𝑒𝑣
- centrifuged for 60 s (2000 )
𝑚𝑖𝑛

- measure final concentration

𝑚𝑔
- calculate metal ions absorbed, qt ( )
𝑔

END