Question 1

Soalan 1

Enzyme concentration is one of the factors that affect the rate of enzyme reaction. Student X
carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of enzyme concentration on the activity of
enzyme amylase on starch.
Kepekatan enzim adalah salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindakbalas enzim.
Pelajar X menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan enzim keatas
aktiviti enzim amilase terhadap kanji.

The following steps were carried out.

Langkah-langkah berikut telah dijalankan.
1. Three test tubes P, Q and R were filled with 2 ml of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of
amylase respectively.
Tiga tabung uji P, Q dan R diisi dengan 2 ml 0.5%, 1% dan 1.5% larutan amilase
masing-masing..

2. 2ml of 1% starch suspension was added into each test tube and the contents were
stirred.
2ml 1% ampaian kanji ditambah ke dalam setiap tabung uji dan campuran
dikacau.

3. Every 2 minutes, a drop of mixture from each test tube was dropped into a groove
of iodine solution on a white tile by using a clean dropper.
Setiap 2 minit, satu titik lautan campuran daripada tabung uji dititiskan ke atas
lekuk yang mengandungi larutan iodin pada Jubin putih dengan menggunakan
penitis yang bersih.

4. All test tubes were immersed in a water bath at temperature of 37oC during the
experiment as shown in the diagram below.
Kesemua tabung uji direndam dalam kukus air pada suhu 37oC sepanjang masa
eksperimen seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
Diagram1 shows the material and apparatus used in this experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan bahan dan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.

Table 1 shows the results of this experiment.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
 The colour of iodine solution starting from
minute 0 The time taken for the starch
Warna larutan iodin bermula daripada minit 0 to hydrolysed completely
Test Dark blue Yellow (min)
Tube Biru tua (no change) Masa yang diambil bagi kanji
Tabung Kuning dihidrolisis dengan lengkap
uji (tiada (min)
perubahan)

……………………….

………………………..

……………………….

Table 1
Jadual 1
1(a) Record the time taken for the starch to be completely hydrolysed in the box provided.
Rekodkan masa diambil untuk kanji dihidrolisis dengan lengkap di dalam kotak yang
disediakan.

[3 marks / 3 markah]

(b) State two different observations made from Table 1.

(i) Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang boleh dibuat dari Jadual 1.

Observation 1/ Pemerhatian 1:

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2:

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(b) State two different inferences that corresponds to to the observation in (b)(i).
(ii) Nyatakan dua inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di (b)(i)

Inference from observation 1 / Inferens dari pemerhatian 1:

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Inference from observation 2 / Inferens dari pemerhatian 2:

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks / 3 markah]

1(c) Complete the Table 2 based on this experiment.

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 dibawah berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variables Method to handle the variables

Pemboleh ubah Cara mengendali pemboleh ubah

Manipulated variables
Pemboleh ubah dimanupulasi ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………

………………………………………… …………………………………….
 Responding variables
Pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………
.
……………………………………

Constant variables
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………

………………………………………… ……………………………………

……………………………………….. ……………………………………….

Table 2 / Jadual 2
[3 marks / 3 markah]

1(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(e)(i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini.
Your table should have the following titles:
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:

 Enzyme concentration
Kepekatan enzim
 Time taken for starch to be hydrolysed completely.
Masa yang diambil untuk kanji dihidrolisis dengan lengkap
 Rate of enzyme amylase activity, 1/time
Kadar tindakbalas enzim amilase, 1/masa

(e)(ii) Use the graph paper provided to answer this part of the question. Based on the data in
1(e)(i), draw a graph to show the relationship between the enzyme concentration and
the rate of amylase activity.

Gunakan kertas graf yang disediakan untuk menjawab ceraian soalan ini.
Menggunakan data di 1(e)(i), lukis graf untuk menunjukkan perhubungan antara
kepekatan enzim dengan kadar aktiviti enzim amilase.

[3 marks / 3 markah]
1(f) Based on the graph drawn in 1(e)(ii), explain the relationship between the enzyme
concentration and the rate of amylase activity. Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan graf yang dilukis di 1(e)(ii), terangkan hubungan antara kepekatan
enzim dengan kadar aktiviti enzim amilase. Terangkan jawapan anda.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks / 3 markah]

1(g) Based on the result from this experiment, define operationally what enzyme is.
Berdasarkan keputusan daripada eksperimen ini, berikan definisi secara operasi bagi
enzim.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks / 3 markah]

1(h) The experiment is repeated with test tube R immersed in water bath with temperature
of 65oC during the experiment.
Predict the time taken for starch to be hydrolysed completely in test tube R. Explain
your answer.
Eksperimen diulang dengan merendam tabung uji R dalam bekas kukus air bersuhu
65oC semasa eksperimen.
Ramalkan masa yang diambil bagi kanji dihidrolisis dengan lengkap dalam tabung
uji R. Terangkan jawapan anda.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
 …………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

1(i) The following are some of the materials used in the experiment to study the effect of
pH on the enzyme activity.
Yang berikut adalah beberapa bahan yang digunakan dalam eksperimen untuk
mengkaji kesan pH ke atas aktiviti enzim.

- Sodium hydroxide solution

Larutan natrium hidroksida

- Hydrochloric acid
Asih hidroklorik

- Distilled water
Air suling
Complete the following table to classify the materials according to the type of
medium.
Lengkapkan jadual berikut untuk mengelaskan bahan-bahan tersebut berdasarkan
jenis medium.

Material Type of medium

Bahan Jens medium

[3 markah/3marks
Question 2
Soalan 2

Enzymes are biological catalysts which speed up biochemical reactions but remain
unchanged at the end of a reaction. The rate of reaction in an enzyme-catalysed reaction
varies with pH. Based on the above information, plan a laboratory experiment to study the
effects of pH on the activity of pepsin. The planning of your experiment must include the
following aspects:

Enzim merupakan katalis biologikal yang mempercepatkan tindak balas biokimia tetapi tetap
tidak berubah di akhir tindak balas. Kadar tindak balas enzim adalah berbeza mengikut pH.
Berdasarkan maklumat diatas ,rancang satu eksperimen di dalam makmal kesan pH keatas
aktiviti pepsin.

 Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah

 Hypothesis
Hipotesis

 Variables
Pemboleh ubah

 List of apparatus and materials

Senarai radas dan bahan

 Experimental procedure
Prosedur eksperimen

 Presentation of data
Persembahan data
17 marks / 17 markah

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