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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
KEYWORDS Abstract Diabetic foot is a serious complication that causes lower extremity amputations. The aim
Diabetes foot; of this study was to identify the patient’s awareness about risk factors for diabetic foot disease and
Smoking; to explore the knowledge and foot care practices among diabetic patients in a Saudi population.
Saudi population This cross-sectional study was conducted in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), King
Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), King Fahad Medical City, National Guard Hospital, Mil-
itary Hospital, and Prince Salman Hospital capital city of Saudi Arabia. Patients were eligible if
they had diabetes foot disease, signed the consent form, and completed the questionnaire. We
selected 350 patients from different hospitals between November-2011 and April-2012. The major-
ity of patients (68%) were selected from King Saud University hospitals. The mean age of patients
was 50.87 ± 15.9 years with a range of 20–90 years. The majority of patients were male (64.3%)
and had a family history of hypertension (55.4%), high total cholesterol (58.6%), and other dia-
betes (58.9%). A family history of smoking, a major risk factor for diabetic foot, was found in
20.3% of cases. Sixty percent of the patients were using oral medications, 27.1% were using insulin
therapy, 10% were using both oral and insulin therapies, and 10% were on diet. In our study,
19.4% of participants were illiterate while 80.6% had a high school or university level education.
Our findings also revealed that some patients had a lack of knowledge concerning diabetic foot dis-
ease and future complications. Patients are unaware of the risk factors for diabetes foot and practice
poor foot care. Awareness programs should be mandatory in all hospitals and diabetes clinics to
help compensate for the lack of awareness and lack of podiatric educational services. Such pro-
grams may decrease the risk of diabetes foot disease.
Ó 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is
an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Bell, R.A., Arcury, T.A., Snively, B.M., Smith, S.L., Stafford, J.M.,
Table 4 Source of knowledge about diabetic foot disease. Dohanish, R., Quandt, S.A., 2005. Diabetes foot self-care practices
n (%) in a rural triethnic population. Diabetes Educ. 31 (1), 75–83.
Bowling, F.L., Rashid, S.T., Boulton, A.J., 2015. Preventing and
Regular foot care 150 (42.9)
treating foot complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Nat.
Proper fitting footwear 101 (28.8)
Rev. Endocrinol. 11 (10), 606–616.
Minor injuries in feet 99 (28.3)
Desalu, O.O., Salawu, F.K., Jimoh, A.K., Adekoya, A.O., Busari, O.
A., Olokoba, A.B., 2011. Diabetic foot care: self-reported knowl-
edge and practice among patients attending three tertiary hospital
in Nigeria. Ghana Med. J. 45 (2), 60–65.
Elsharawy, M.A., Hassan, K., Alawad, N., Kredees, A., Almulhim,
addition, we did not examine biochemical values in this study,
A., 2012. Screening of diabetic foot in surgical inpatients: a
which further limits the findings of our study. hospital-based study in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Angiol. 21 (4), 213–
216.
5. Conclusion Guell, C., Unwin, N., 2015. Barriers to diabetic foot care in a
developing country with a high incidence of diabetes related
amputations: an exploratory qualitative interview study. BMC
The results from our study demonstrated that patients are una-
Health Serv. Res. 15 (1), 377.
ware of diabetes foot risk factors and practice poor foot care.
Hasnain, S., Sheikh, N.H., 2009. Knowledge and practices regarding
Awareness programs should be mandatory in all hospitals and foot care in diabetic patients visiting diabetic clinic in Jinnah
diabetes clinics and help to compensate for the lack of podi- Hospital, Lahore. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 59 (10), 687–690.
atric educational services. Hu, Y., Bakhotmah, B.A., Alzahrani, O.H., Wang, D., Hu, F.B.,
Alzahrani, H.A., 2014. Predictors of diabetes foot complications
Acknowledgment among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Res. Clin.
Pract. 106 (2), 286–294.
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Sci- Khamseh, M.E., Vatankhah, N., Baradaran, H.R., 2007. Knowledge
and practice of foot care in Iranian people with type 2 diabetes. Int.
entific Research at King Saud University for its support.
Wound J. 4 (4), 298–302.
Khan, I.A., Movva, S., Shaik, N.A., Chava, S., Jahan, P., Mukkavali,
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