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  • Novel Shear Rib - Banff 2000

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    Marcelo San Martin
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    shear

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    Novel Shear Rib _ Banff 2000

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    shear

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    7 Ansichten12 Seiten

    Novel Shear Rib - Banff 2000

    Hochgeladen von

    Marcelo San Martin
    shear

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 12
    NOVEL SHEAR RIB CONNECTORS WITH POWDER ACTUATED FASTENERS Mario Fontana, Prof. Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich T: +41 1 633 3173; F: +41 1 633 1093; E: fontana@ibk.baum.ethz.ch Hermann Beck Hilti Corp., Direct Fastening Development, FL-9494 Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein T: +423 236 2290; F: +423 236 2224; E: beckher@hilti.com ABSTRACT Novel shear connectors are presented as an alternative to welded headed stud connector for composite beams. They are attached to the beam with powder actuated fasteners. The design of the connectors allows the use of automatic installation systems to improve installation efficiency. The aim of the development is to achieve high shear capacity per fastener with sufficient ductility to allow plastic design. Various design solutions were tested with pushout tests according to Eurocode 4. The objective of the pushout tests was to investigate the ultimate capacity and the ductility of nailed rib shear connectors. One of the designs, the rib connectors, are folded angles from thin steel sheet. One leg is perforated and embeds in the concrete, the other leg is fastened to the beam by powder actuated fasteners. Based on the test results rib connectors can be designed to achieve plastic shear behavior and develop characteristic loads of more than 18 KN per nail. INTRODUCTION Nailed shear connectors in composite beams are an alternative to welded headed stud shear connectors for over 15 years. A nailed shear connector is attached to the beam flanges by means of powder actuated high strength fasteners driven with a powder actuated tool. There are different nailed systems available characterized by cantilever type shear connectors which work in principle like headed stud shear connector. Examples are studs welded to baseplate whereby this baseplate is fastened to the beam (Tecnaria shear connector) or cold formed angle shear connectors whereby one leg of ~Y the angle is fixed by two powder actuated fasteners (Hilti X-HVB shear Fig. 1: Hilti X-HVB connector (see figure 1)). In comparison to welded studs nailed shear connector systems exhibit the following advantages: + They require a minimal installation equipment and setup time, therefore allowing flexible scheduling of work on the jobsite. They are used efficiently for small projects or for projects in remote locations. = The installation quality is not affected by moisture on site or by zinc coatings of the base material resulting in less work interruptions owing to bad weather or less preparation efforts like scrape of paint at the headed stud location, However, the installation costs of nailed systems based on a “per KN basis” are up to now generally greater in comparison to welded studs. This is due to the fact that the design load of for example a Hilti X-HVB amounts to just approximately 40 percent of the design shear resistance of a 19 mm welded headed stud shear connector. In comparison to the existing systems the nailed rib shear connectors as discussed in this paper allow an increase in shear capacity per nail and first of all the use of automatic installation systems. Consequently, the installation speed increases reducing the overall costs of this nailed shear connector system. DESCRIPTION OF THE NAILED SHEAR RIB CONNECTOR The nailed shear rib connector system comprises two components, the shear rib connector itself and the powder actuated fasteners fixing the rib connector on the beam flange. The rib ‘connector is made of flat steel sheet with a thickness in the range between 1.5 and 3.0 mm. Itis manufactured in a folding or cold rolling process resulting in single angle or trapezoidal ‘oross sections. The connection between the rib connector and the concrete plate is provided by perforations in the sheet, acting like concrete dowels known from “Perfobond-type” shear connectors, for example Leonhardt et al (1). The rib connector is fixed in its longitudinal direction to the beam flange by Hilti powder actuated fasteners ENPH2-21L15 providing shear transfer between the concrete plate and the steel section. The length of the rib connector is in principle not restricted. It is determined on one hand by load requirements but more important by the requirement of easy, fast and correct installation during erection. In the test program a rib connector length of 300 mm was chosen. The rib shear connector can be used either with or without metal decking, In case of secondary beams, metal decking generally spans perpendicular to the beams, whereas for main beams the deck extends parallel to the direction of the beams. For main beams the rib shear connector will be placed inside the trough of the metal deck or directly on the top flange in case when the deck is splitted at the location of the main beam. For secondary beams nailed rib connector with a longitudinal geometry adopted to the metal deck shape can be applied (see figure 5, shape 2). Z, PANT . ce, Pn q [ 1 | Fig. 2: Principle of nailed rib shear connector system The high strength nails Hilti ENPH2-21L15 allow penetration of the rib connector and the beam flange without any predrilling. The ultimate strength of these fasteners is in the range of 2,200 Nimm2. Such hardness is achieved primarily by heat treatment of the machined pin. Though the nails show very high strength they remain ductile owing to their bainite metallurgic structure as a result of the specific heat treatment. The ability to bend without a brittle failure is very important with regards to meet ductility requirements of shear connectors in composite beam construction. The Hilti ENPH2-21L15 powder actuated fastener was originally developed for fastening of metal deck in roof and facade construction. It has on overall length of 25.8 mm with a shank diameter of 4.5 mm (Fig. 2). To provide clamping action and to improve bearing and pullover capacity of metal deck it has a double washer configuration with a diameter of 15 mm and a conical nail head. The nail is zinc plated with a layer of 8 to 16 um and its shank is knurled to improve the anchorage capacity as the knurling develops micro-interlocking between the shank and the base metal. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Pushout Test Setup and Test Procedure The geometry of the pushout test specimen and the test procedure corresponds to the specifications provided in Eurocode 4 (2). Figure 3 shows the geometry of the standard European pushout test specimen. Additionally the location of the deformation gages are indicated in figure 3. The vertical slip was measured by 2 gages each side, additionally horizontal gages were applied to measure the uplift movement of the concrete plates. View

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