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    3 Ansichten54 Seiten

    Derrida LivingOn

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    juanevaristo
    Gran texto de Derrida

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    von 54
    Deconstruction and Criticism JACQUES DERRIDA. GEOFFREY H. HARTMAN J HILLIS MILLER A Continuum Book THE SEABURY PRESS © NEW YORK 04 3 JACQUES DERRIDA Living On “Translated by James Hulbert ‘But who's talking about living? In other words on living? ‘This cime, “in other words” does not put dhe same thing iaeo other words, does aot clarify an ambiguous expression, does not function like an “Le,” Ie amasses the powers of indecision and adds to the foregoing urterence is capacity for skidding. Under the peecextof commenting upon a tercibly indeterminate, sift ing satement, a statement diffcule co pin down (arte), i gives reading or version of it that i all the less satisfactory, con= trollable, unequivacal, for being more “powerful” chan what it Comments upon or eanslates, The supposed “commencary’” ofthe Vie.” of “in other words" has furnished only a textual supple- nent that calls in tuta for an overdetermining “in other words,” and #9 on and 30 arch. In other words on living? This time ic sounds to you more surely like a quotation, This i its second occurrence in what you BORDER LINES. 10 Nowmler 1977. Dedicte "Living On" 10 ny fiend Jacues Ehrman. Rec ae twas in response 0 his invite {ion and cose him, that | ft came co Yale. He had the good fortune tosign J. E, when he wie his nals This permited him co iosrbe iy copy of his book “Tove” iv de "Le mor le lita,” p= Tisha anonyeously, a8 follows: “To J.D. in findly remembrance of this "10 Noverber'on which J. . called you.” J. E. (he leters chat % 76 NG ON: Border Lins we en Ce Se a makes sense here, and chat's what interests me. * Se tear oe cise yacques penn 77 raster the “on” of living on? For we have nor exhausted ies ambi- [Bunty Gch of the messings we have listed above can be divided Fortier (eg. living on can mean 2 reprieve or an afterlife, "Iie afte life” or life afer each, more life ot more than life, and bee ter; che staze of suspension in which i's over—wed over again, and you'll never have done with chat suspension itself) aod che triumph of life can also eciamph oe life and reverse the proces sion of the genitive, [shall demonstrate shorly hac this is not ‘wordplay, not on your hie. Whae tack shall we tke dias qual dy. "Term what side,” "edge," “border,” “shore” » . .} £0 translate the ambiguity of an in-other-words? 1 know, 1 am ale seody in some sort of uncranslatbiliey. Buc Il wager chat chat twill noe stop she procession ef one language into another, the massive movement ofthis procession, this crge, over the border of another language, into the language of che other. Un fae, che hymen or che alliance én the language of tbe ether, this strange vow by which we are committed ina language tha i ot out mother congue, is what I wish to speak of here. I wish to Commit mysef with this vow, following che coupled pretexts of | ‘Tow Trivmph of Life and art de mort. But bs far the commite iene is my own; it ie sill necestary thae you be committed, ready, «0 canslatiog it.) ‘And to go writeon-living? If thar were posible, would the ‘weet have to be dead already, of be living oe? Is eis an aleena- ‘Will tbe posible for us co ase whoever asked the intial quas- tion, "But who's talking about living?”, what infection governs his oc her question? By deGnicion, the statement (aon) "Buc posedly, ia fourth. A question co the tanshiors, x ranate’s note thar [signin advance: What i eaaltion? Here economy, To wie ia arabic we, for she sake of sconomy. But alo, fom afar, in onde to gee down to wat loge, Peformance,” eae in wit- ing apd in che sce. Tlegapics ad telephonics, thas the theme My dete o tke che of he Tamar's Nowe mys. Let che feud this band a & eegtam of 3 film for developing (eB “wo be TR NG ON: Border Liver ‘whos talking abor living?" like every other satement, doesnot require the presence or asistance of any party, male or female ‘The stacerene survives chem a prior, ives on after chem, Hence no context is sstusble any move. No one infection enjoys any absoluce privilege, 20 meaning can be fixed or decided upon, No border is guaranteed, inside or out. Tey i. For example: 1. "Buc wis talking about living?" the question stresses the ideoiey of che speaker, withour ruling out the possibly (a a ther complication) that it refers co the subject of the question "But who's talking abou Living?", and so forh, 2. "But who's raiding abst fiving?” in cher words, who can really speak aboue living? Who is in a postion to? Who is al ready oa the other side Gor, litle enough alive, of alive enough, to dare co speak abou living, not sbout one life, noe even about life, but abour living, the immediate, preset, even Jmpersonal process ofan ace of living that nevertheless guarantecs, even the spoken word that it conveys and tha it thus defer 0 spook on ising: it is impossible co use living speech t0 spe of living—unless i is possible only with living speech, which would ‘make the apora even more paralyzing. Is this the point st which 4 teiumphanr procesion unfnishes? " "Then, what is Lie” I sid "The steucture ofthis line, very clos tothe en (the end of| ‘the poems and Shelley's end), the "T said” and the self-quotarion faze pethaps not so foreign to the canonical question of the sup posed “unfinished” quelity of a "Tramps." 3. "But who's aking aboue ‘ing’ 2": an impliie quotation ‘of “living,” a “mention” of the word or the concept, whichis not the same thing and doubles che posbiltes. In other words: who fs saying, what about “living,” the word ot the thing, the sig yacaues DER 479 nile or the concept, if we suppose thac in tis case these opps tions ate pestinent inthe las, and cht "living," precisely, does ‘ot go beyond their bounds? 4 Ta Freach, the language, “eny" language, which 1 am spesking hete but which you ate aleeady translating, a context governed by the everyday nature of oral exchange would, im mai fetes, put the principal accent on the following intended mesn- ing, which I qrasalate in an approximate way like dis Is i elly a question of living? In other words, who said that we had co live? Bue who's ealking about living? Most we live, seally? Can living,” “lve,” be taken as an imperative, an order, a necessity? Where do you get this axiomatic, valuational certainty that we {or you) must live? Who says that living is woech all che eroable? ‘Thae i's bette to live than to die? That, since we've started, we have co keep on living? In other words ving on? (Tbe sentence in che second Line has putin for @ transfer and brought abous is Gisplacement.) In other words, then, whac is Le (" Then, what fs Life? Tid, . .."), a qutad quescion that, for want of 9s trating context, we can always understand as having ewo mesn- ngs, atleast 4. the meaning of meaning ot f value (Does life have meaning, sense? Does it have the slightest value? Is i wort living? Who's talking about living’—and so for) ', the meaning of bong (Wha isthe esence of life? What is Life? What isthe living.ness (Panes) of life?—and so forth, “These ewo meanings (atleast to) inhabit The Teimph of Life and rework ie supposedly “unfinished” edge. Thy Triamph calls about procestd;" in English: a procesion underneath the other one, ad Boing pst ii sl 8 did ne i, aI had nothing to do ‘with it, « double band, 2 "double indy” ad Bindly jelous double ‘whuc Hilis Miler would call a “double Blind” ("double Blind ey in "De Mitts Sere), Double preceding, double crs, dus be triumph, Tie Tremp of Lif, Lis de mrt iow wil they have translated tis tle? Bexer rp lave Ie in "Pench," asuming that it belongs toa deteeminable langage; bur then in wha language wil cis fet appa), each "esumph’ (chee are wo temps) feming the doable bande "double bind” of double preceadings. This would be a (god place for a easators note, fOr example, nboo ein that at been uid elewhere on the subje of the "double bind,” the double bod, the double peoesion, and 9 forth (a quotation in wu, among, tbs, olay, which atl and oo Forth) thi, ab + measure ofthe wv No ON: Border Lies living. Bue whae does i say abou i? A grent deal fa coo many ‘ings, Dut this much at lease, mits wting-onlivings fei it Self he poem, and it gives isla name, The Trip of Life. In 4 Sense sil to be decemined, i ives-on, But—L must sy it in the syntax of my language co defy the ernaators to decide, a cach moment—nlafer wha mane, orth name of what, does i ive ‘on? Dees it ive on in/afeer Shelley's name? This desrves& transe Iacors’ note explaining both susie au mim de and what happens in French when rip dele ve [eriumph of life is cansformed neo crimp dl ee [eo triumph ove life), This is aot playing ‘ith language, a6 one might easly suspect. I maiatain, aot with ‘out delaying che proof a Bie loage, that this is « question of what takes place che poem and of whae remains of i, beyond any op Position berween finshed and unfaished, whether we sean che end of the ase poer or chat of the man who drowned "off Lec fn 8 July 1822, “writing Th Triemph of Life" (ae is said in one accoune of Shlly's Lif, with a chtonological cable ia five divic sions, “Dates,” "Events," “Residence,” “Finance,” “Chief Works’). “Who's calking about living?" fam treating this sentence a 2 quotation: there can be no daube about ie now. And you may ‘ven have the feling cha all I've been doing is commenting 0 this opening sentence thar came, with oo quotation matks, from who knows where. But wasn: this attack already « quotation? I ‘was apparently the one who decided eo write thc, without asking for anyone's authorization, noe taking i out of any well-defined ‘opus, not indicating any copyright. But I imnediaely began #0 reconstitute all sores of corpora or contests from which I might Jacques very 81 Inve taken i One of the most general or broadest of the ca uri tat sight init such a corpus would be something lie the language called French, ora family of languages more or less sosceptible of translation of or ito Freach. This reconsteution is far from finished. I set down here as an axiom and as chat which is to be proved, thatthe econsticutin cannot be finished. This it toy stating point! no meaning can be determined out of context, but no eantexe permis saturation, Wha Iam sfering to here is not richness of substance, semantic ferlty, but rather structure the structure of the remnant or of iteration. Bue I have given this seructure many’ other names, and what matters here is the secon- dary aspect of nomination. Nomination is important, bur itis ‘constantly caughe up in » process that ic daes noe contol Since [ began, and since you read the question "Who's talking about Living?” (wherever it came from), the word Jord edge, brink, verge, border. Boundary, bound, limi, shore} has imposed ftself more than once 1 we are co approach (atrder] a ext, for example, it must have a bond, an edge. Take this text. Wha is ts upper edge? Is tile (Living On")? Bur when do you sare ceading ie? What if you started reading it after the firs sentence (another upper edge), ‘which Functions as its Sst reading head bue which itself in cura fal its oueet edges back over onto inner edges whose mobiliy— ‘multilayered, quotssional, displaced fom mesning © messing— [prohibits you frm making ovt a shoreline? There is 2 cegular z= merging of the shove ‘When 3 text quotes and eequotes, with or without quotation mck, when icf written on the brink, you stare, oF indeed hve Frapoibie. How can one text, sium is nity, give or present another tobe ren, without eouching it, without taping anything sot it, prctialy without refering 1012 How ean evo “ears” read ‘ch eter, each une and theater, wihout even Knowing each ore 1 istace? Aca dicace and without Knowing exch othe. like thet ‘women in Ler de mart. The “rad hypothe,” the manic hubs of 1 teaing toward which the ochee procession (what happens br at) bee seen the ewe women, one of whom he imagines only to rule out ‘he notion have drown bel) i directed, abil has woth to-do with Shelys drowning, oF even withthe eveneehus recorded in cone chronology “Dae: 1816, December Eee: Harrie found drowned ‘Shelley macries May.” Or with “gla de Teng lie de a mort oof” (ane (te erly “Cade “of the pods ilk of my downed death; extensive resonances flop “sh.” 1a 82 ING ON: Border Line already started, co lose your foocing. You lose sight of any line of| Aemarcacion berwecen a text and what is outside i, (This is whese my scenario beeaks off, unnished— i have elated, on the owe band, all the Italian quareamza, the iconical ot antithetical quotation of @ gente by The Trionph of Lif, che supposed uninished quality at the apparent lower edge of a potm by Shelly ae the moment ‘when, in grenest proximicy co the signature, at the apparent lower edge of the poem, the signatory is drowned, loses his Foot. ing, loss sighe of the shore, and, wn ike str bond all the drown ings in Blanchor’s stories, che drownings tha I cited in "Pas" as well a the others, all the repeeseneations [ier en sme) of shoreline cae dissppens or is overrun a the edge of Thomas fob- sur, a book that is remarkable—and re-macked-—foom its opening “Thomas sit down and loked a these. He trina macicles foc ime, as ihe had come thereto fellow ehe movements ofthe cher swimmers and lehough he fop prevented him fom eting ‘vey far, he say there, abslantey, his eer fix on he Bais floating wich dificaly. Then, when a more powerful wave rece fim, he went down ont che sloping Saad aad slipped among the caren, which quickly immersed him (Toma the Ober, new verion, teased by Robert Lamberton (New York: David Lewis, 19731) yacouss DER. 83 Troughs, tie cine, e approach Cae] him. I meas tha eed co make him adestand that eventhough Iwas there I could go so Farther, sod ehat i tue hed used up ay csouces. In eat 1 hd long had the impression tha I was at che end of my cope “Bue you rel," he remarked [These ate the “frst” words of Blanchoe's Cea gai ne m'ascompa- (guar par.) You may ask what T mean by chat: do Blanchor’s series, his rcs, teat, in their own way, Tbe Triumph of Lif, and even the supposed unfinished quaiey dha separates it for fee ending, and even whae separates it fom is suppore signatory ‘and his deowning? For now, I shall aot answer this question, but tsk one of my‘owa: Wha is to sy thatthe supposed signatory of| 4 piece of writing imust answer for it, and answer at every cuca the questions ofthis person or that, telling them “exactly” what the “seoey” #2) I we ace co approach a text, it mast have an edge, The ques- tion of che text, a it has been elaborated and wansformed in the Jase dozen oe #0 years, has aot merely “touched” “shore,” Fe bord (Gcandalously eampering, changing, as in Mallarmé’ declaration, "On a toucht aw sr", ali ehose Boundaries that form the cunning bocder of whit used eo he called a ext, of what we once thoughe this word could identify, i.., the supposed end end begining of 4 wor, the unity of = corpus, the ile, he margins, the signa tures, the referential realm outside the fame, and so forth. What das Eappened, if i has happened, is 2 sore of vere (dbnde. -mett] that spoils all these Boundaries and divisions and forces us vo extend che acceediced concept, the dominant notion of a Gta), which I would like 0 have easslaed here. Beyond al this geand phantasmic organization and these cel or Gctitiou events, 1 with os che question ofthe Bd, the edge, the botder, an the he dm, fhe shore. (These "Border Lines,” in French, ae enced “ours ce bord”—usullycransatd “Shiptod jourma,” bat bese aio "our on Ber") The Trip of Life wan ween the v3, a is eg, bee ‘een lnd and se But that dose mace) The question ofthe bor etn pda wee, th derma le diving es that ioe ht means: betwen «yon ei" a ot Sol sche finan iy, on xp a ste, ed 0 int How fr vst vk pocket thee mine trv te pt mon sn owe Lingo specinptting ts nese te New, eh ft 0 "ph ite (on ar xl wpepsaing, What sa ct $C ON: Border Lies tent,” of what J still call a "text," for srategic reasons, i ppare—a “ret” that 1s henceorch na longer finished corpus of Siting, vrne contene enclosed in a book ot ies margins, but a differential neewors, a fabric ofeaces referring endlessly eo some= Thing other chan itself, co ocher difecential eeaces. Thus the text lovers all che limits assigned «0 ic so far (not submerging or drowning chem in an undifereniated homogeneity, but rather raking them more complex, dividing and multiplying stokes and Tine)—all che limits, everthing that was co be sex up in ‘opposition 20 writing (spech, life, she world, the rl, history, and what nor, every Geld of rference—to bedy of miad, con scious or unconscious, politics, economics, and so forth). What- fever the (demonstated) necesiy of such an ovesrun, such a eordenet, it sill will ave come a «shock, producing endless cfforts to dam up, resist, ebuild the old partitions, to blame what could ao longer be thought withoue confusion, to blame difference as wrongfcl confsson! All this as taken place in non- reading, with no work on what was thus being demonstrated lvieh 2 eealiation that i€ was sever our wish £0 extend the ras- suring nosion of the exe co a whole exeretextualcealm and 10 transform the World into a bray by doing away with ll boure- aries, all famework, all sharp edges (all arte: this isthe word that Lam speaking of conight), but that we sug rather to work ‘out the theoretical and practical system of these masgins, these borders, once more, from che ground up. I shall aot go ito etal. Documentation of all this is eeaily available eo anyone committed «0 breaking down the various seructures of resistance, on," dh “ur "aed ts sce? An fect of superimposing: one pro cession ir superimposed on the eke, accompanying st mithou acon panying i Blanchot, Cu gut me wacmpageat pa). This operation woul never Be considered leitmateom the par of eacher, who Must sve his ferences sn ell what he's calling about, giving ie is tens zabe ite. You ant give couse oa Shelley without exer mention- tog him, pretending toda with Blanche, and more can a few oer Jacques pene 8S ‘his own resistance as such of as primarily the ramparts that bol= sera system (bei cheoreteal, cultscl, inseieationay pliial, or wwhateves). What ae the borderlines of a ext? How do they come about? T shall aoe approach the question fronally in the most ‘general way. I prefer within the Limits that we have here, a more indisece,natrower channel, one that is move concrete as well: at the edge ofthe narrative, ofthe ext ara narative, The word is ricit, 2 tory, a narcative, and noe narration, aeration. The #e- working of a textual problematic has affected this aspect of the text as auratve (the narrative ofan even, the event of narrative, the narrative as che structure ofan event) by placing i in the foregeound | (note parenchecically that The Tramp of Life, which i is noe my intencion co discuss here, belongs in many ways to the cate- gory of che rit, in the disappearance or overrun that rakes place the moment we wish co close ics case after citing i, calling i for, commanding it ® appear. 1. There is the ricit of double affirmation, as analyzed in "Pas" {in Gramma, No. 34 (1976), the “yes, yes” that must be clced, must recie itself co bring about the alliance alien, also "wedding band”) of affrmation with itself, to bring about its ring. Ie remains © be seen whether the doable afitmatin is = imphart, whether che triumph is affmative or a parndoxical phase in the work of mourning, 2, Thre & the double nasrative, the nareative of ehe vision enclosed in the general nacatve cased on by che same nator The line cha separates the enclosed narrative from the ocher— ‘And your tasisions have tobe readable, that, in acondance with ev tela of eadabiley very Gemly established, and long sine. At the beginning of ait demo, the superimposing ofthe eno “images,” che image of Christ and, "bein the figure of Christ," Veroncs, "he fea ‘ures of « woman's fce—extemely beaut, even magaificent"—

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