ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 1 Ôví‡öËÀ 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2

Banesh Damma way to improve your ability to speak English.

Q: Sir, I am the regular follower of your lessons in Eenadu.
I can speak but slowly. How do I converse speedy with
others. Please suggest me any book to improve it.
A: It is not speedy, but speedily. The best way to learn the
language is to speak the language. Whenever you have
an opportunity, speak in English and insist on your
friends to speak to you in English. Listen to TV news
telecasts regularly. Read the English newspaper every
day. Read short story books in English. This is the best
Lakshmi Sandhya
Q: How much time to develop spoken English? Daily how
much time required to learn grammar? How to practice?
A: Grammar does not help you much in speaking English.
The best way is to speak in English whenever you get
an opportunity. Don’t worry about making mistakes.
Just speak on. Listen to English news telecasts. Read
short English story books. This is the best way to
improve your English. þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

985
Jyothsna Aningi
Q: Please give explanation of may be, might
be, may have, might have, may have been,
might have been.
A: Refer to last Sunday’s English lesson.
Thumoju Venkatesh
Q: Sir, please translate these sentences into
English.
1) ìª÷±y F êŸLxë]Ùvè[ªõÚÛª ÓûÁo Ú•è[ªÚÛªN?
2) Ó÷ô¢ª Ó÷JêÁ ÷«æ°xè[ªêŸªû¦oôÁ û¦ÚÛª
êμLóŸªë]ª.
A: 1) No correct translation in English for the
first question. The best translation is:
Where do you come in the order of your
parents’ children?
2) I don’t know who is talking to who.
Durga Prasad
Q: Good afternoon sir, once you have given
meanings of public cause and public inter-
est. But I couldn't understand the difference
between them. Could you please tell me
difference between them?
A: Public cause = Something that somebody
does for the sake of the public. Public
interest = In the interests of the people / do
good to the people.
Nampalli Jhansi
Q: Respected sir, I learned all the English pro-
nunciation symbols and their pronuncia-
tion. What should I do next? How can I
improve my pronunciation?
A: If you have learnt all the pronunciation
symbols, the best way to improve your pro-
nunciation is to refer to a good dictionary
(Oxford/ Cambridge) and practice pronun-
ciation. Listen to English news telecasts
Q: Sir, kindly elaborate on Suppose. How to
regularly. This is the best way to improve
your pronunciation.
A: Suppose = 1) to think that something may
2) Used to show that something is true, though
3) Sometimes it shows unwillingness.
4) What might happen if. eg: Suppose we miss
Srinivas, Zaheerabad
Q: Sir, please explain the have, has uses &
Q: Sir, what is the difference between I have
finished my work and I finished my
work?
A: Refer to the spoken English lessons that are
A: I have finished my work = I have com-
pleted my work at a time not mentioned.
When you say I finished my work, you
have to mention the time when you fin-
ished your work. I finished my work last
night itself.
A fly on the wall ÍÙç˶...?
O. Surya Kiran
Q: Respected sir, please explain the follow-
ing phrasal verbs with suitable examples
1) Talk the talk 2) Walk on the talk
3) A fly on the wall
4) Throw the cap into the ring
5) A play by the night
A: 1) Speak fluently in a way to convince
others of your point. eg: The minister
walked the walk with the reporter.
2) Walk the talk (not, walk on the talk) =
Repeat words with action. The minister
walked, showing his action in words with
the reporter of the newspaper. This is
more powerful than walk the walk.
3) An observer of your actions who you do
not notice or see. eg: He observed his
brother’s actions like a fly on the wall.
4) To throw the hat (not cap) into the ring =
to be ready to face a challenge. eg: He
threw the hat into the ring challenging
others to fight with him.
5) It has no special meaning. It may mean a
drama enacted at night.
Thaneti Abraham
use it? Please give more examples. I am
getting confusion every time.
be true. eg: Suppose he comes here tomor-
row, what shall we do?
you wish it were not true.
Ram: ‘Can I go tonight’?
Syam: Oh, I suppose so (Unwillingness)
the bus, what shall we do then? These are
the meanings of suppose.
Pavithra Golagani
how to use has been, have been in sentence.
And say how to use in tenses.
being published now. There you will see the
uses of have, has, have been and has been.
Study them carefully.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
Beesula Rajaiah
Q: Sir please define the following words.
1. Metaphysical poetry
2. Non-dramatic poetry
3. Ipso facto
4. Canterbury Tales
A: 1) Metaphysical Poetry is highly intellectu-
al poetry, very complex and not easy to
understand. It is very difficult to under-
stand the imagery and the figures of
speech.
2) Non-dramatic poetry is poetry that
has no element of drama in it. It is
just narration of incidents without an
element of drama in it. Spencer’s
poetry is the best example of non-dra-
matic poetry.
3) Ipso facto = By that very fact or act
(in reality)
4) Canterbury Tales – a poem written by
Chaucer. A group of pilgrims start on a
journey to Canterbury where Thomas
Becket was buried. To pass the time on the
journey, each pilgrim narrates a story. These
are Canterbury Tales.
Harsha Chennuboina
Q: ú£ôÂ, û¶ìª Oª ÏÙTxùà öËμú£ûÂq ÍFo ðƧö˺
Í÷±êŸªû¦oìª. Ú¥F ÚÛ·ôÚÂdÞ¥ ÓÚÛ\è… ìªÙ#
û¶ô¢ªaÚÁ÷è[Ù îμ³ë]õªšíæ°dö˺ Íô¢–Ù Ú¥÷è[Ùö˶ë]ª.
ÓÚÛ\è… ìªÙ# þ§dôÂd à¶óŸ«ö˺ àμGê¶ û¶ìª ÖÚÛ ûÁæÀq
v퇛íô à¶ú£ªÚÛªÙæ°ìª.
A: Follow all the lessons from Lesson No 1.
But the most important point is whenever
you get an opportunity, speak only in
English, that is, if the other person you are
speaking to knows English. Don’t worry
about people laughing at you. The best way
to learn a language is to practice speaking
it.
1. Vocation = A person’s profession or main
occupation.
eg: His vocation is carpentry.
H Vocation X Recreation.
eg: Sheela spends most of her time on
recreation.
2. Revert = Go back to the old position.
eg: He appeared to be honest in the begin-
ning, but reverted to cheating.
H Revert X Progress.
Writer
- M. Suresan
J. Damodar, Kurnool
Q: Sir, How to understand that a sentence is in
the passive voice or not in passive voice
i.e.the V3 form is an adjective form ( some
adjectives are in the form of V3)?
A: When the verb in the passive voice is a ‘be’
form + past participle (V3), it is in the
passive voice. For ‘be’ forms refer to
the six classes of verbs in Spoken
English. Sometimes a past participle
may be used as an adjective, but when
it has a ‘be’ form before it, it is not an
adjective, but a passive voice verb.
P. Shankar Lingam, Shayampet, Warangal
Q: Respected sir,
i) Where did the king keep bird?
ii) Where the king kept the bird?
From the above which sentence is correct
& why? Please explain.
A: The correct form of the question is: Where
did the king keep the bird? Where the king
kept the bird is a part of a sentence and not
a sentence.
Q: Please let me know the definition of
"Dam". Is it different from Barrage?
A: A dam is built across a river, to control its
flow or release whenever needed, and it is a
large wall across the river, with spill ways
in it. A barrage on the other hand consists of
a series of large gates, of which some will
be lifted when needed and may not be all of
them. Sometimes, all the gates may be lift-
ed too.
VOCABULARY
eg: His progress in studies was remarkable.
3. Immense = Huge / Immeasurable.
eg: Dharmaraja was a man of immense
patience.
H Immense X Minute (pronounced –
mainyut) = very small.
eg: Bacteria are minute creatures.
4. Gratify = Satisfy.
eg: He felt gratified when he was given a
lot of money.
H Gratify X Disappoint.
eg: He was disappointed at not being
selected as one of the players.
5. Implicit = not said directly.
eg: It is implicit in the agreement that you
have to pay the amount.
H Implicit X Explicit = clearly stated.
eg: I told him explicitly that I want the
money immediately.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 8 Ôví‡öËÀ 2018
986
M. Satya Tejaswi, Gokavaram
Q: Sir which of them is correct?
a) Do you think you are right?
b) Do you think are you right?
A: a) Do you think you are right? – This is cor-
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
Kantipudi Kameswara Rao
Q: i) I wish to write to you/ I wish to write you.
ii) I have to attend to a function/ I have to attend a function. - Sir, which
one is correct?
A: i) I wish to write to you – correct. ii) I have to attend a function –
correct. Attend to = deal with something or someone. I have to
attend to some important business at the company.
Q: He gets selected/ He is selected - What is the difference?
A: He gets selected = He will be selected in the immediate future. He is
selected = He has been selected. þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

The movie was rather pedestrian!

rect.
Q: Which of the following sentence have non-
finite verb sir, please explain this.
a) Having finished his homework, he went
out to play.
b) He finished his homework and he went
out to play.
A: a) In your sentence, having finished, and to
play are non-finite verbs.
b) ‘To play’ in the sentence is an infinitive.
Q: ''If you are ill, I will take you to hospital'' -
Let me know if the clause is adverb or not
in this sentence.
A: b) The ‘if’ clause (If you are ill) here is an
adverb clause of condition.
Q: Please explain the difference between a
finite verb and non-finite verbs.
A: A finite verb has tenses, whereas a non-
finite verb has no tenses. The Infinitive (to
go, to come, etc.), the ‘-ing’ form and the
past participle (V3) are non-finite verbs.
Raqeeb Shaan
Q: Respected sir, please explain the below
with examples
1) adverb of manner 2) adverb of degree
3) adverb of reason
Verb Tenses
A: 1) This is how he has done it. In this sen-
tence, the clause, ‘How he has done it’ is
the adverb clause of manner, because it
indicates the manner in which he has
done it.
2) He has done it better than the others have
done. Here, ‘Better than the others have
done’ is the adverb class of degree, because
it indicates that he has done it better than the
others.
3) I do not know why he has done it. In
this sentence ‘why he has done it’ is
the adverb clause of reason. Another
example of the adverb clause of rea-
son: He came here because he want-
ed some money from me.
K. Kowshik
Q: Sir, please explain question formation i.e.
How much can you give (or) how much
you can give? Which question form is cor-
rect and explain those formations in detail.
A: How much can you give? – this is the cor-
rect question form. Question formats are
usually like this – there are two types of
questions – a) The ‘wh’ questions and the
‘Non-wh’ questions. Whether it is a ‘wh’
question (starting with what, when, where,
why, who, whom, whose, and how) or a
‘non-wh’ question, the verb always comes
before the subject, and if the verb has two
or more words in it, the first word in the
verb (main verb) comes before the subject
and the other words follow the subject.
Look at the following examples of ‘Wh’
Writer
- M. Suresan
and ‘Non-wh’ questions. Look at the fol-
lowing examples:
F ‘Wh’ Questions:
a) What is your name? (‘Wh’ word + verb (is)
+ Subject (your name)
b) Where are you going? [‘Wh’ word +
Helping verb + subject + main verb
(going)]
F Non-Wh questions:
a) Are you a student? (Are (verb) + you
(subject) + etc.)
b) Is he coming? (Is (Helping verb) + he (sub-
ject) + coming (Main Verb)
F These are the structures of questions in
English.
K. Rajvi
Q: ccOªô¢ª ඛú÷Fo Íô¢–÷ª÷±êŸªû¦oô³ee
ccOªô¢ª à¶ú£ªhìo÷Fo Íô¢–÷ª÷±êŸªû¦oô³ee - Tell
these sentences in English.
A: 1) I understand whatever you do.
2) I understand all that you are doing.
Q: 1. Somebody “to have" ready answer for
everything.
2. We can choose compassion "over" all else,
we can choose that our time of earth.
3. This caller prefers to be contacted on call
(explain "to be + possible verb forms")
We have already seen that there are three
A: 1) Your first sentence is meaningless.
2) We can choose compassion over all else =
We can choose pity over anything else. The
second part of the sentence has no meaning.
3) This caller likes more to be called over
phone. To be contacted = to be talked to
over phone.
VOCABULARY
1. Pedestrian = 1) A person who walks on
the streets. (ð§ë]à¦J)
eg: In India we find a number of pedestri-
ans.
2) boring / uninteresting (Nú£ªÞœª ÚÛLTÙà¶).
eg: The movie was rather pedestrian.
F Pedestrian X Vehicle goer sî¦ï£°ì
ví£óŸ«é¨ÚÛªè[ªz
2. Irreverent = Disrespectful s÷ªô¦uë] ö˶Ez
eg: The students in the class were irrever-
ent to the teacher.
F Irreverent X Reverent s÷ªô¦uë] Ñìoz
eg: The students were reverent to the
teacher.
3. Monarchy = A country ruled by a king or
a queen sô¦V/ ô¦é¨ ð§LÙචë¶øŒÙz.
eg: Some African countries are still
monarchies.
F Monarchy X Democracy (Rule by the
elected representatives of the people).
eg: India is a democracy.
4. Possess = Have/ Own sÚÛLT ÑÙè[åÙz.
eg: He possesses a lot of property in the

Unlike in Telugu, tenses are very impor-

Grammar & Usage main tenses, and that each tense has four divi-
sions – simple or indefinite, continuous, per-
city.
F Possess X Lose sð¼Þ•åªdÚÁ÷è[Ùz
tant in English. Verbs talk about the action a Tenses tell us about the time of action of fect and perfect continuous. Let us now dis-
eg: Trying to invest in business, he lost all
subject does. the verb. cuss the present tense forms:
his property.
PRESENT Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous 5. Infant = A child of a very small age sGè[“z
TENSE I am/ I am being/ He, she, it I, we, you, they (the boys, my friends, etc) have I, we, you, they have been + eg: She carried her infant to the movie.
FORMS he, she, it is is being/ we, you, been; He (Ramana), she (Sita), and it (the pen) ing; he, she, it has been + F Infant X Adult sÓCTìî¦ô¢ªz
We, you, they are – all they are being – these has been – 1) these talk about being at some place ing – these talk about an eg: The movie is meant for adults only.
these are present simple talk about being now. for the past sometime till now 2) being at a place action starting in the past
forms – they talk about sví£ú£ªhêŸÙ ÑÙè[åÙz just now, if you add the words, just or just now and continuing even now.
being now, regularly or 3) Being at some place sometime ago in the past sÞœêŸÙö˺ ÖÚÛ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ ìªÙ#
always. sÏí£±pè[ª ÑÙè[åÙ, – time not stated. (1. ÞœêŸ Ú•ÙêŸÚ¥õÙÞ¥ ÖÚÛàÁå ÏÙÚ¥ ÖÚÛàÁç˶ ÑÙè[åÙz
vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£pÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙè[åÙ, ÑÙè[åÙ Ïí£pæ¨ ÷ô¢ÚÛ« 2. Ïí£±pè˶ ÖÚÛàÁå ÑÙè[åÙ,
Óí£±pè[ª ÑÙè[åÙz 3. ú£÷ªóŸªÙ àμí£pÚÛªÙè¯ ÖÚÛàÁå ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[åÙz

Actions: I, we, you, they
go, talk, sing etc.
He, she, it goes, comes,
takes etc. – these talk
about REGULAR
ACTIONS svÚÛ÷ªÙ
êŸí£pÚÛªÙè¯ áJ¸Þ í£ìªõªz
Ï÷Fo present tense verbs: Oæ¨ ÞœªJÙ# êμõªú£ªÚÁ÷è[Ù à¦ö° Í÷ú£ô¢Ù. ÏN êμLóŸªÚÛð¼ê¶ ÷ªì ÎÙÞœxÙ êŸí£±põêÁ ÑÙåªÙC. Past tense, future tense ÞœªJÙ#
Actions: I am going, I/ we/ you/ they have done it, and He/ she/ it has I/ we/ you/ they have been
we/ you/ they are gone – these talk about 1) an action done some- doing it, have been watch-
singing, He/ she / it is time in the past, time not mentioned, 2) an action ing it, etc. and he/ she/ it
talking – these talk starting in the past and has continued till now, has been walking, etc. –
about actions taking and if you add just or just now, it talks of an These talk about an action
place NOW. action just completed. (1) áJTì ú£÷ ªóŸªÙ starting in the past and con-
sÏN ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ àμí£pÚÛªÙè¯ ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJTì í£ìªõìª 2) ÞœêŸÙö˺ tinuing even now. Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
áô¢ªÞœªêŸªìo í£ìªõ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡îμªi ÏÙêŸ÷ô¢ÚÛª áJTì í£ìªõì« 3) just/ just sÐ tense ÞœêŸÙö˺ vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡îμªi
now ö°Ùæ¨ í£ë¯õìª î¦è…ê¶, Ïí£±pè˶ áJTì í£ìªõìª
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
ÞœªJÙ# àμñªê¦ô³z ÏÙÚ¥ áô¢ªÞœªêŸªìo í£E ÞœªJÙ# Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
ÞœªJÙ# àμñªê¦ô³.z àμñªêŸªÙCz Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to:
÷à¶aî¦ô¢Ù êμõªú£ªÚÛªÙë¯Ù. pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 15 Ôví‡öËÀ 2018
987
Suryavamshi Srinivas
Q: Sir, what is the difference between I went
to the bank and I had been to the bank.
And I went to Hyderabad and I had been
to Hyderabad.
A: When you say, ‘I went to the bank,’ you
must mention the time when you went to
the bank. I had been to the bank = I went
to the bank sometime ago and have
returned. When you say I went to
Hyderabad, you must mention the date
and time of your going and returning. I
had been to Hyderabad = I went to
Hyderabad sometime ago and have
returned. ‘I had been to’ is preferable to
I went, because if you went to some
place, who will you tell about your
going?
VOCABULARY
1. Spiritual = Connected with the soul
(ÎëůuAtÚÛîμªiì).
eg: There are a number of spiritual gurus in
India.
F Spiritual X Materialistic = connected with
the life in this world (Ð ví£í£Ùà¦EÚ¨
ú£ÙñÙCÅÙ#ì).
eg: He is purely materialistic and is always
worried about wealth and comforts.
2. Fundamental = Elementary (vð§ëÇ]NªÚÛîμªiì).
eg: He is ignorant of the fundamentals of
geography.
F Fundamental X Advanced (ÓÚÛª\÷ â°‘ìÙ
Þœõz
eg: He has an advanced knowledge of the
subject.
3. Predict = foresee (÷³Ùë]ªÞ¥û¶ áô¢Þœò˺ó¶ªC
àμí£pÞœõÞœè[Ù / â˺ú£uÙ àμí£pè[Ù).
eg: The astrologer predicted very prosperous
career for him.
F Predict X Determine (Eô¢góŸªÙêÁ
àμí£pÞœõÞœè[Ù)
eg: He determined his future without con-
sulting any astrologer.
4. Retrench = Remove a person from a job
(ÑëÁuޜ٠ìªÙ# ê•õTÙàŸè[Ù).
eg: Because of a lack of work, a number of
employees in the company were
retrenched.
F Retrench X Appoint (ÑëÁuÞ¥ö˺x
EóŸªNªÙàŸè[Ù)
eg: Because of extra work the company
appointed a number of people.
5. Indelible = Inerasable (÷«ìpö˶E n ÷ªàŸaõ
ö°Ùæ¨N).
eg: The incident that he watched in his child-
hood left an indelible impression on him
F Indelible X Forgettable (÷ªJað¼Þœõ).
eg: That experience was something that was
forgettable.
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
J. Appalaswamy Naidu
Q: Sir, I've been a regular reader of your articles in Eenadu. Now I'd
like to request you to please explain about POSSIVE ADJEC-
TIVES.
A: They are not possive adjectives, but possessive adjectives.
Possessive = having. Ram’s pen, Sita’s sari, the property of the
company – these are examples of possessive adjectives. Ram’s
pen = the pen of Ram, Sita’s sari = sari of Sita. The property of the
company = the property belonging to the company. These are
examples of possessive adjectives. Possess = have þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
He had left the place before..
In the last lesson we have seen the use of the
present tense forms. Now we are going to
Grammar & Usage Writer
study the use of the past tense (V2) forms: eg: a) While he was singing she was dancing
- M. Suresan
1) The words was and were indicate being in (ÍêŸìª ÞœêŸÙö˺ ð§å ð§è[ªêŸªÙç˶, Îîμª û¦åuÙ
the past. (was, were ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[æ°Eo à¶ú£ªhÙè…ÙC).
êμõªí£±ê¦ô³z. We use ‘was’ with I, he, she b) I was walking along the street when I met ÷³Ùë]¸ô ÍêŸè[ª îμRxð¼óŸ«è[ª n àŸ«è[Ùè…: ÏÚÛ\è[
and it (singular numbers – I, he, she, it õêÁ my friend (û¶ìª ôÁè[ª“ Oªë] ìè[ªú£ªhìoí£±pè[ª û¦ ·ôÙè[ª àŸô¢uõ« ÞœêŸÙö˺û¶ áJÞ¥ô³. Ú¥F ÍêŸè[ª
was î¦è[ê¦Ùz and were with we, you, and ›úo꟪è[ª ÚÛEí‡Ùà¦è[ª.) îμüŒxè[Ù ÷³Ùë]ª, û¶ìª îμüŒxè[Ù êŸô¦yêŸ áJÞ¥ô³.)
they (Plural Subjects – were ìª ñ÷àŸì c) The train (it) was going at top speed, when b) By the time the doctor arrived, he had died.
subjects êÁ î¦è[ê¦Ùz. ‘Was’ with I, he, she,
and it, and ‘were’ with We, you and they
it met with an accident (Î ·ôjõª ÍêŸuÙêŸ
î¶ÞœÙêÁ îμüŒ‰hìoí£±pè[ª ví£÷«ë]Ù áJTÙC).
(His dying was earlier than the doctor’s
arrival – both past actions – è¯ÚÛdô ÷à¶aö˺í£ö˶
indicate being in the past. (was/ were ·ôÙè[« d) The buses (they) were moving very fast on ÍêŸìª àŸEð¼óŸ«è[ª.)
ÚÛ«è¯ ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[æ°Eo êμõªí£±ê¦ô³z. the roads last evening (Eìo þ§óŸªÙvêŸÙ ñú£ªqõª c) I had seen the movie much earlier than my
eg: a) I/ he/ she was in Nellore last week. (ÞœêŸ ÍNªêŸî¶ÞœÙêÁ îμüŒ‰hû¦oô³.) friends did. (My seeing the movie and my
î¦ô¢Ù û¶ìª/ ÍêŸè[ª/ Îîμª ûμõ«xô¢ªö˺ Ñû¦oÙ.) 4) ‘Had been’ is the past perfect tense. It talks friends watching it – both past actions, but
b) It (the book) was here last night. (ÍC/ Î about an earlier state of being than another my seeing was earlier than my friends see-
í£±ú£hÚÛÙ ÏÚÛ\è[ ÑÙè…ÙC Eìo ô¦vA.) state of being. (ÞœêŸÙö˺ ·ôÙè[ª ÑÙè[æ°ö˺x ing it – ÷« ›úo꟪õª Î ú‡E÷«ìª
c) We / You / they (my friends) were in ÷³Ùë]ô¢ ÑÙè[æ°Eo ÞœªJÙ# ÏC àμñªêŸªÙC.) àŸ«è[ÚÛ÷³Ùë¶ û¶û¦ ú‡E÷«ìª àŸ«ø‹ìª. n ·ôÙè[«
Hyderabad the day before yesterday (÷³/ eg: a) He had been in Nellore before he moved ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJTìî¶, Ú¥F û¶ìª àŸ«è[åÙ ÷³Ùë]ª, î¦üŒ‰x
÷ªìÙ/ î¦üŒ‰x s÷« ›úo꟪õªz îμ³ìo to Hyderabad (šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂö˺ ú‡–ô¢í£è˶ àŸ«è[åÙ îμìÚÛ áJÞ¥ô³). This is very impor-
šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂö˺ Ñû¦oÙ/ Ñû¦oô¢ª). ÷³Ùë]ª, ÍêŸè[ª ûμõ«xô¢ªö˺ ÑÙè˶î¦è[ª). tant in English.
d) Those books (they) were on this table last b) The books (they) had been on the table, Another important point: We do not use past
night. (Î í£±ú£hÚ¥õª Eìo ô¦vA ç˶ñªöËÀ Oªë] before he put them in the shelf (ÍêŸìª Î perfect tense for a single past action. There
Ñû¦oô³.) So we see that was / were talk í£±ú£hÚ¥õìª šùöËÀpÄö˺ šíådÚÛ÷³Ùë]ª ÍN ç˶ñªöËÀ Oªë] must be two actions – both past, one taking
about being in the past at a definite time. Ñû¦oô³). place earlier than the other. (Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁÙè…:
(ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÚÛ#aêŸîμªiì ú£÷ªóŸªÙö˺ áJTì í£ìªõìª c) My friends (they) had discussed it with me, ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ö¸Ú ÖÚÛ àŸô¢u áJTê¶ ë¯EÚ¨ past perfect
ÞœªJÙ# àμñªê¦ô³.) before they took a decision. (Eô¢góŸªÙ Bú£ªÚÛªû¶ tense î¦è[Ù. ·ôÙè[ª àŸô¢uõ« ÞœêŸÙö˺û¶ áô¢Þ¥L,
2) Similarly, the past doing words (went, ÷³Ùë]ª û¦ ›úo꟪õª Î Nù£óŸ«Eo û¦êÁ ÖÚÛë¯E êŸô¦yêŸ ÖÚÛæ¨ n Íí£±pè˶ ÷ªìÙ past perfect
spoke, talked, etc.) talk about actions at a àŸJaÙà¦ô¢ª.) tense î¦è[ê¦Ù.)
definite time in the past. (Íö°¸Þ past doing 5) Had + PP (V3). eg: Had seen, had known, 6) Had been + ing. This is past perfect contin-
words (went, spoke, talked îμ³ë]öËμjì verbs) etc.) talks of an earlier past action that took uous tense – (ÏC past perfect continuous
ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÖÚÛ ÚÛ#aêŸîμªiì ú£÷ªóŸªÙö˺ áJTì í£ìªõ place before another past action. (had+PP tense. This talks about an action starting
ÞœªJÙ# àμñªê¦ô³.z (V3) ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJTì ·ôÙè[ª àŸô¢uö˺x îμ³ë]å áJTì earlier than another past action, and contin-
eg: a) I/ he/ she/ we/ you/ they (some stu- àŸô¢uìª ÞœªJÙ# àμñªêŸªÙC.) uing till the second past action. (ÏC ÞœêŸÙö˺
dents) visited New Delhi last week (vÚ¨êŸÙ eg: a) He had left the place before I arrived ÷³Ùë]ª vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡îμªi, ÞœêŸÙö˺û¶, ·ôÙèÁ àŸô¢u
î¦ô¢Ù û¶ìª/ ÍêŸè[ª/ Îîμª/ Oªô¢ª/ î¦üŒ‰x Ú•êŸh there. (His leaving the place was earlier áJ¸Þ÷ô¢ÚÛª Ú•ìþ§¸Þ àŸô¢u ÞœªJÙ# àμñªêŸªÙC.)
than my arriving at the place. – Both are
CMxÚ¨ îμü°xìª/ îμü°xè[ª/ îμRxÙC/ îμü°xô¢ªz. eg: a) She had been dancing, until the show
b) I kept these books on the table last night. past actions, but his leaving took place ear- closed. (Her dancing continued till the
c) In Delhi, last week, I/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ lier than my arrival there. – û¶ìÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμü™x show closed – both are past actions, but her
they (our friends) met some of the ministers dancing continued till the show closed –
(CMxö˺ ÷³ Ú•ÙêŸ÷ªÙC ÷ªÙv꟪õìª vÚ¨êŸÙ î¦ô¢Ù Îîμª ví£ë]ô¢)ì ÷³Tú‡ð¼ó¶ª ÷ô¢ÚÛ«, û¦åuÙ à¶ú£«hû¶
ÚÛõªú£ªÚÛªû¦oÙ.) ÑÙC n ·ôÙè[« ÚÛ«è¯ ÞœêŸî¶ª, Íô³ê¶ ÖÚÛæ¨
d) Some books (they) gave very good informa- ÷³Ùë]ª vð§ô¢ÙòÅ¡îμªi, ·ôÙèÁ àŸô¢u ë¯Ú¥
tion on the subject yesterday. (Eìo Ú•Eo Ú•ìþ§TÙC.)
í£±ú£hÚ¥õª ÷«ÚÛª Î Nù£óŸªÙ Oªë] ÷ªÙ# b) He had been driving at top speed, when the
ú£÷«à¦ô¦Eo Ïà¦aô³). accident took place. (Both driving at top
3) The past continuous form was + ing, with I/ speed, and the accident taking place are past
he/ she/ it and were + ing form with we, actions, but his driving at top speed contin-
you, they talk about continuous actions in ued till the accident took place).
the past. (ÞœêŸÙö˺ Ú•ìþ§Tì àŸô¢uõìª ÞœªJÙ#, These are past tense forms. We will discuss
was/ were + ing àμñªê¦ô³.) the future tense forms in our next lesson.
Jinagala Nandini Murali P.V.V. Prasad, Amalapuram.
Q: End Ú¨ ÷³Ùë]ª an Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ the article Q: Respected sir, could you please explain
Q: Good morning sir, I am Nandini, I have Íû¶
how should fill the first name and the last
a doubt in, how to use much and many? ÓÙë]ªÚÛª ÷ú£ªhÙC?
Can you please explain me with exam- A: Because it is the end of the particular mat- name or first name, middle name and last
ples? ter, we say ‘the end’ and not ‘an end’. name in application forms.
A: ‘Much’ refers to quantity, and ‘many’ Q: No, thanks Ô ú£Ùë]ô¢(ÄÙö˺ î¦è¯L? A: Most of us, that is, Telugu people do not
refers to number. A: If somebody offers something that we have middle names. The first name is our
eg: How much rice did you buy? don’t need, we say, ‘No, thanks.’ name, and the last name is our surname, or
How many boys are there in the class? Q: û¦ÚÛª Í÷ªt ÍìoÙ AEí‡Ù#ÙC n ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Óö°? our family name. The space for the mid-
A: My mother fed me. dle name should be left blank.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 22 Ôví‡öËÀ 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
Grammar & Usage
Steaphen, Guntur
Q: Respected sir, please guide me with the best books on History of
English for NET/ SET and short story books to improve commu-
nicative English. Thank you sir.
Will she come here next week?
A: What do you want? Is it history of English literature, or the History
of English language? If it is History of English Literature, you have
the books by WH Hudson, Birjadish Prasad. If it is History of
English Language, refer to AC Baugh. To improve your English
communication skills, read the short story books prescribed for pri-
mary, middle and higher class students. þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net

W e have seen in last week’s lesson the

present tense forms and the past tense forms.
Now we are going to see future tense forms.
The future tense talks about what is going
to happen in future. Shall with I and we, and
will with you, he she, it and they indicate
future. However, nowadays, ‘will’ is being
used even in place of ‘shall’ evn with I, we,
you and they.
‘Shall’ is mostly used in legal language
and for rules and restrictions. However, it is
important for us to know the uses of shall and
will. Shall with I and we, and will with you,
he, she, it and they indicate indefinite future.
a) We shall buy a car soon (not definite) ÷³
êŸyô¢ö˺ Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•Ùæ°Ù sÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ë]ªz
b) We shall go to Mumbai next week (not def-
inite) (÷à¶a î¦ô¢Ù ÷³ ÷³ÙòËô³Ú¨ îμüŒ‰hû¦oÙ n
ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ë]ª)
c) He/ she/ it (the bus) will come today (not
definite) (ÍêŸè[ª/ Îîμª/ ÍC sñúÃz Ð ôÁâ˶
÷ú£ªhÙC n ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ë]ª)
d) They will be here tomorrow (not definite)
(î¦üŒ‰x ¸ôí‡ÚÛ\è[ ÑÙæ°ô¢ª n ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ë]ª)
I) ‘Will’ with I and we, talks about, a) determi-
nation, b) intention and c) promise. (I/ We
êÁ will î¦è…ê¶ ÷ªì Eô¢góŸ«Eo êμõªí£±êŸªÙCz
eg: a) I will go there tomorrow (I am deter-
mined) (û¶ìª ¸ôí£ÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμüŒxè¯EÚ¨ Eô¢góŸªÙêÁ
Ñû¦oìª)
b) We will not allow him to do it.
(Determination) (÷³ ÍêŸEo Î í£E
à¶óŸªE÷yÙ n Eô¢góŸªÙ)
c) I will buy a car soon (Intention) (û¶ìª êŸyô¢ö˺
Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•Ùæ°ìª n Ñë¶ÌøŒÙ)
d) Don’t you worry; we will help you
Will with I and we expresses...
(Promise) (ìªî¶yÙ ÎÙëÁüŒì í£è[ÚÛª, ÷³ FÚÛª
þ§óŸªÙ à¶þ§hÙ n ÷«å Ï÷yè[Ù)
J ‘Shall’ with you, he, she, it and they,
expresses order, duty and necessity.
a) You shall not do it (Command) (ìª÷±y ÍC
à¶óŸªÚÛ«è[ë]ª n Îá‘)
b) He shall not come here again (Command)
(î¦è…ÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ô¦ÚÛ«è[ë]ª n Îá‘)
c) She shall finish the work by tomorrow
(duty) (¸ôí£æ¨Ú¨ Îîμª Î í£E í£²Jhà¶óŸ«L n NCÅ)
d) They shall do it immediately or they will
lose the money (necessity) (î¦üŒxC îμÙåû¶
à¶óŸ«L, ö˶ÚÛªÙç˶ î¦üŒ‰x è[ñª( ÚÁö˺pê¦ô¢ª n
Í÷ú£ô¢Ù)
Usually ‘will’ is not used in questions with
I and we, and ‘shall’ is not used in questions
with you, he, she, it and they. (Will ìª I and
We êÁ, shall ìª you, he, she, it and they êÁ
ví£øŒoõö˺ Ñí£óμ«TÙàŸÙ, þ§ëůô¢éÙÞ¥.z
a) Will I/ we go there tomorrow? (Wrong).
Remember: Will with I and we expresses
determination, intention and promise. So
when you say, ‘Will I go there?’ it depends on
your will. You know your will, and others
don’t. (I and we êÁ will, Eô¢góŸ«Eo, Ñë¶Ìø‹Eo, ÷«å
Ï÷yè¯Eo êμõªí£±êŸªÙC ÚÛë¯. ÷ªì ÷ªìú£ªö˺ ÑÙè˶
Nù£óŸªÙ ÷ªìÚÛª êμõªú£ªhÙC Ú¥F, ÏêŸô¢ªõÚÛª êμLóŸªë]ª
ÚÛë¯?)
Shall I/ we go there tomorrow? (Right) û¶ìª
/ ÷³ ¸ôí£± îμüŒx÷«? (ÏC correct)
Similarly ‘Shall’ is not usually used in
questions with you, he, she, it and they. (You,
he, she, it and they êÁ shall ÷«÷³õªÞ¥ ví£øŒoö˺x
î¦è[Ù) Instead, ‘Will’ is used. (ë¯E ñë]ªõª will
988
î¦è[ê¦Ù)
eg: a) Will he come here tomorrow? (ÍêŸìª
¸ôí‡ÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÷þ§hè¯)
b) Will she come here next week? (Îîμª ÷à¶a
î¦ô¢Ù ÏÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ÷ú£ªhÙë¯?)
c) Will your friends (they) go back tomorrow?
(Oª ›úo꟪õª ¸ôí£± AJT îμü °hô¦?)
d) Will the train (it) reach there on time? (Ð
wçËμjû ÍÚÛ\è…Ú¨ ú£·ôjì ú£÷ªóŸ«EÚ¨ îμüŒ‰hÙë¯?)
J Shall is often used in legal language and in
rules and regulations: (EñÙëÅ]ìõÚÛª, àŸådí£ô¢îμªiì
òÅ°ù£ö˺, shall ìª ÓÚÛª\÷Þ¥ î¦è[ê¦ô¢ª)
a) No one shall enter the place without permis-
sion (Ó÷ô¢ª ÚÛ«è¯ Ð ví£ë¶ø‹EÚ¨ Íìª÷ªA ö˶ÚÛªÙè¯
ô¦ÚÛ«è[ë]ª)
b) You shall not, under any circumstances,
provide this information to others. It shall
be kept confidential. (Óæ¨d í£Jú‡–꟪ö˺x ÚÛ«è¯
ìª÷±y Ð ú£÷«à¦ô¦Eo ÏêŸô¢ªõÚÛª Ï÷yÚÛ«è[ë]ª).
II) Shall be + ing with I and we, and Will be +
ing with you, he, she, it and they talk about
an action continuing at some point of time
in future. (I and we êÁ shall be + ing, you,
he, she, it and they êÁ òÅ¡Nù£u꟪hö˺
Ú•ìþ§ÞœªêŸªÙè˶ í£EE êμõªí£±êŸªÙC.)
eg: a) I/ we shall be going there tomorrow (not
definite) (û¶ìª/ ٠¸ôí£ÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμü °hÙ n
ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ë]ª.)
Writer
- M. Suresan
b) I/ we will be going there tomorrow (defi-
nite) (û¶ìª/ ٠¸ôí£ÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμü °hìª/ îμü °hÙ n
ÚÛ#aêŸÙ).
c) He/she/it and they will be going there
tomorrow (not definite). (ÍêŸè[ª/ Îîμª/ ÍC/
î¦üŒ‰x ¸ôí£ÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμü°hô¢ª n ÚÛ#aêŸÙ Ú¥ë]ª.)
d) He/ she/ it and they shall be going there
tomorrow (order/ duty/ necessity). (ÍêŸè[ª/
Îîμª/ ÍC/ î¦üŒ‰x ¸ôí£ÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμü°hô¢ª – Îá‘, NCÅ,
Í÷ú£ô¢Ù.)
III) Shall have + PP (V3) with I and we, and
will have + PP (V3) with you, he, she, it
and they talk about an action likely to be
completed at a point of time in future. (I
and we êÁ shall have + PP (V3), you, he,
she, it and they êÁ will have + PP (V3)
òÅ¡Nù£u꟪hö˺ ÖÚÛ ú£÷ªóŸªÙö˺ í£²ô¢h÷±êŸªÙë]ìªÚÛªû¶
í£EE êμõªí£±êŸªÙC.)
a) We shall have reached Chennai by this time
tomorrow (¸ôíˆð§æ¨Ú¨ ÷ªìÙ àμûμj¬o à¶ô¢ªÚÛªE
ÑÙæ°Ù).
b) I shall have completed the work by this time
tomorrow. (¸ôíˆð§æ¨Ú¨ û¶ìª Ðí£E í£²Jh à¶ú‡ ÑÙæ°
- an action likely to be completed in future)
c) He/ she/ it/ they will have reached the place
by this time next week (ÍêŸè[ª/ Îîμª/ ÍC/
î¦üŒ‰x/ ÍN ÷à¶aî¦ô¢Ù Ðð§æ¨Ú¨ Î àÁåªÚ¨ à¶ô¢ªÚÛªE
ÑÙæ°ô¢ª - an action likely to be complete in
future). Will be continued in the next lesson.

He is literally very lazy. b) To some extent. eg: He behaved rather

VOCABULARY
1. Absolutely = a) Totally (í£²JhÞ¥)
eg: He is absolutely honest.
Absolutely X doubtfully (ú£Ùë¶ï£„ú£pë]Ù).
eg: His honesty is doubtful.
b) Without comparing with other things (ÏêŸô¢
î¦æ¨êÁ ð¼õaÚÛªÙè¯).
eg: This movie, compared with the other
movies, is absolutely good.
J I am not absolutely (doubtfully) sure he will
come.
2. Relent = Change one’s mind (÷ªìú£ª
÷«ô¢ªaÚÁ÷åÙ).
eg: Though at first he was very firm about
charging the fee, he relented later.
Relent X Continue (Ú•ìþ§TÙàŸåÙ).
eg: He continued to trouble his enemy in
spite of our requests.
3. Vary = Change (÷«ô¢aåÙ / ÷«ô¢åÙ).
eg: She as not of a strong mind, and varied her
choices according to the changing times.
J She never varied and continued to support
her friend even in difficult circumstances.
4. Concerned = Worried (ÎÙëÁüŒì í£è[ªêŸªìo).
When he heard that he won Rs. 2 lakh in
lottery, he was ecstatic
eg: He is very concerned about his father’s
health.
Concerned X Cool (EPaÙêŸÞ¥ ÑÙè[åÙ).
eg: He is cool and balanced even in very dif-
ficult circumstances.
5. Ecstatic = Extremely happy (ÍêŸuÙêŸ
ú£ÙêÁù£ÙÞ¥ ÑÙè[åÙ).
eg: When he heard that he won Rs. 2 lakh in
lottery, he was ecstatic.
Ecstatic X depressed (Eô¦øŒ, Eú£p¬”êÁ ÑÙè[åÙ).
eg: He was very depressed on hearing that
his son had died in an accident.
Email your questions to:
pratibhadesk@eenadu.net
Syed Azeez
Q: Dear sir, how to use these words? Please let
me know. i) although ii) instead iii) inspite
iv) perhaps v) rather vi) probably vii) either
viii) whether ix) literally x) had been.
A: i) Although - Although he is rich, he does
not like to spend money.
ii) Instead - He did not come here. Instead he
went to Chennai.
iii) In spite of - In spite of his height, he cannot
play well.
iv) Perhaps - Perhaps he is there now.
v) Rather = a) Indicating preference for a cer-
tain thing. eg: I would rather die than tell a
lie.
strangely.
c) Used to suggest the opposite. eg: He does
not like to go there. Rather he would stay at
home.
vi) Probably = Perhaps. eg: He would proba-
bly go there tomorrow.
vii) a) Either = one of the two. eg: Either of
them is there.
b) Used with ‘not’ instead of also. eg: He was
not there. He was not here either (also).
viii) Whether = One of the two. We do not
know whether he has gone or not.
ix) Literally = with a word’s true meaning
(exactly). eg: He is literally very lazy.
x) Had been = being at a place in the past
before another event. eg: He had been in
Vijayawada before he moved to Hyderabad.
Sowjanya Guntoju
Q: Sir, please translate the words into Telugu.
1) Sort out 2) Stalking, stalk
3) Walk up 4) Figure out
A: 1) NNëÅ] ô¢Ú¥õªÞ¥ NòÅ¡>ÙàŸè[Ù
2) ÖÚÛJÚ¨ êμLóŸªÚÛªÙè¯ î¦üŒxìª îμÙñè…ÙàŸè[Ù
3) ÖÚÛàÁæ¨Ú¨ ìè[÷è[Ù
4) Íô¢–Ù à¶ú£ªÚÁ÷è[Ù
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 29 Ôví‡öËÀ 2018
989
A. Poli Raju, Chikkepalli
Q: Respected sir, please explain the meanings
with examples.
1) Dead easy 2) Dead line
3) Duping 4) Medical test
5) First crush 6) Bench mark
7) Class appearance 8) Mass/ class
9) Fire track 10) Rehearsal
11) Dubbling
A: 1) Dead easy = very easy.
eg: The question paper was dead easy.
2) Dead line = Limit/ a time by which you
have to complete something.
eg: The dead line for you to submit the exer-
cise is the tenth of the next month.
3) Duping = cheating.
eg: He duped me by offering a useless thing
at a high price.
4) Medical test = A test conducted to know
what disease a person is suffering from.
eg: The doctor conducted a number of tests
to know what disease he has.
5) First crush = The first crush is the attraction
a person feels towards a boy or a girl.
6) Bench mark = A point of quality to which
something we buy may be compared.
7) Class appearance = Appearing to belong to
a high class with good taste.
8) Mass = a group of people without good
taste. Class = people belonging to a higher
class.
9) Fire track: No special meaning for this. It
may mean the path along which fire travels.
10) Rehearsal = practicing action in a drama.
11) No such word as dubbling.
Q: Sir, please let me know the difference
between the following words.
1) Fool, rascal 2) Perfume, scent
3) Time, timing 4) Minimum, maximum
5) Say, tell 6) Time out, time up
A: 1) A fool is a stupid fellow who cannot
think properly. A rascal is a fellow (a
boy or man) who does things that you do
not like but still you like him.
2) Perfume = scent
3) Time is the time of the day, whereas timing
means, doing things at sometime, which
may be proper or improper.
4) Minimum = the lowest point/ the smallest
quantity. Maximum = the highest point/
quantity.
5) Say is followed by to, whereas tell is not
followed by ‘to’.
6) Time up = the time for an activity is over.
Time out = the time has passed (in the
recent past).
Rajeswar Ithihas, Khammam
Q: He said, 'How about having a party in the
garden?' - Please change into Indirect
speech.
A: He asked how about having a party in the
garden.
Q: Rajeshwar eats an apple – (Active voice) –
If the above sentence is changed into pas-
sive voice it will be ''An apple is eaten by
Rajeshwar'' (PV). What does it mean?
Please clarify.
A: Your passive voice sentence is correct. (it
means: ô¦â˶øŒyôÂචÖÚÛ óŸ«í‡öËÀ Aìñè[ªêÁÙC/
Aìñè[ªêŸªÙC.z
Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ
Q: Sir, please explain the following: 1) Personify 2) So-called.
3) This fool was fool enough 4) I am wild
A: 1) Comparing lifeless things and animals to human beings is person-
ification. eg: He was a lion in the battlefield.
2) So called = called in a particular way but not real. eg: He is a so
called hero. (not a hero really, but called so)
3) He was foolish enough to do such a thing.
4) I am very angry.
ú£ÙêŸÚ¥EÚ¨, Îæ˺vÞ¥íÆÃÚ¨ ê¶è¯...?
T. Manu, Cherlopalli
Q: Sir, please translate the following into
English.
1) Ð ñú£ªq ÓÚÛ\è…Ú¨ îμüŒ‰hÙC?
2) ÏÚÛ\è… ìªÙ# CMxÚ¨ àŦKb ÓÙêŸ?
3) Ó÷·ô÷ô¢ª ÷ú£ªhû¦oô¢ª ÷« ÏÙæ¨Ú¨?
4) ÏÙæ¨ ë]Þœ_ô¢ ÍÙë]ô¢« ò°Þœªû¦oô¢ª ÚÛë¯?
5) ÔÙ í£E à¶ú£ªhû¦oô¢ª òËμÙÞœüŒŠô¢ªö˺?
A: 1) Where does this bus go? / What is the
destination of this bus?
2) What is the fare from here to Delhi?
3) Who are coming to my home?
4) All are well at home, aren’t they?
5) What are you in Bengaluru?/ What job do
you do in Bengaluru?
P. Sreenath, Timmana Cheruvu
Q: Sir, please explain the difference between
the following words.
1. Mirror, Glass 2. Bottle, can
3. Sign, Signature, Autograph
4. Bad, sac
5. Movie, Picture, Film
6. Cinema, Theatre
7. Super hit, block buster
8. Stick, cane
9. Book, hand book, manual, brochure
10. Newspaper, dailypaper, magazine
11. Pants, trousers
12. Lid, cap, stopper
13. Rice, food, meals
A: 1) A mirror shows your face, where as
glass is a sheet of glass, which may not
show your face.
2) A bottle is usually made of glass, whereas a
can be made of any material, mostly plastic
or tine.
3) Sign is a verb (ú£ÙêŸÚÛÙ à¶óŸªè[Ù), whereas sig-
nature (ú£ÙêŸÚÛÙ) is a noun. An autograph is
the signature of a great person which you
We have seen the uses of most of the tens-
es in the recent lessons. Now we are going to
see the use of the future perfect continuous
tense. Future continuous tense forms (Ïí£±pè[ª
÷ªìÙ future perfect continuous tense ÞœªJÙ#
êμõªú£ªÚÁò˺꟪û¦oÙz: Shall have been + ing (with
I and we) and Will have been + ing (with you,
he, she, it and they). The future continuous
tense, talks about an action that may be contin-
uing at some point of time in the future (future
Pillalamarri Ashok
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
preserve.
4) I don’t see any connection between the two.
5) Movie = film = picture
6) Cinema is a hall where films are show,
whereas a theatre is a place where both
films and dramas are shown .
7) Super hit = block buster.
8) Stick is an ordinary stick, where as cane is
made of cane plant (›í÷³)
9) A book is any book that you read and use in
the class room. A hand book is a book
which contains information about a particu-
lar product. A manual is a book giving you
instructions how to use a machine or things
like that. Brochure is a special book print-
ed for an occasion showing important
events.
10) A news paper which we get every day is a
daily. A magazine is a book with a number
of essays and stories.
11) Pants (American) = Trousers (British).
12) Lid is what we use to cover something – it
may be a plate, etc. A cap what we cover
our head with. A stopper is something that
stops something from flowing out.
13) Rice is what we eat cooked. Food = Any
type of eatable. Meals = the food we eat
every day.
Grammar & Usage
continuous tense òÅ¡Nù£uêÂö˺ ÖÚÛ ú£÷ªóŸªÙö˺
Ú•ìþ§ÞœªêŸªÙè˶ àŸô¢u ÞœªJÙ# êμõªí£±êŸªÙC.z But
remember once again, that ‘will’ is being used
more and more in place of ‘shall’ even in the
case of I, and We. (Íô³ê¶ ÷ªìÙ Þœªô¢ªhÙàŸªÚÁî¦Lqì
÷³Üu Nù£óŸªÙ: ô¦ìª ô¦ìª, I and we êÁ ÚÛ«è¯ shall
ñë]ªõª will î¦è˶ú£ªhû¦oô¢ª.z
Eg: a) I will have been travelling to Kasi by
this time tomorrow. s¸ôíˆð§æ¨Ú¨ û¶ìª Ú¥QÚ¨
ví£óŸ«é¨ú£«h ÑÙæ°ìª.z
b) We will have been discussing this matter by
this time next week. s÷à¶aî¦ô¢Ù Ð ú£÷ªóŸ«EÚ¨
Ð Nù£óŸ«Eo àŸJaú£«h ÑÙæ°Ù.z
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,
Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
2
VOCABULARY
1. Deplore = Say or declare that something
is very bad.
eg: We deplore the central government’s
attitude to granting special category
status for Andhra Pradesh.
J Deplore X Rejoice. eg: We rejoice the
victory our county athletes scoring over
the athletes of other countries.
2. Decay = Cause something to rot. eg: The
egg stored for more than a week decayed.
J Decay X Flourish. eg: Because of the
good monsoon the crops flourished.
3. Stagnation = Lack of progress.
eg: Some country’s economic progress is
in a state of stagnation
J Stagnation X Boom. eg: There is a boom
in the economy of India.
4. Sincere = Honest. eg: He is quite honest
in trying to help you.
J Sincere X Perfunctory.
eg: She was quite perfunctory in trying to
help me.
5. Diminish = Reduce. eg: He has dimin-
ished the money he has been sending to
his parents.
J Diminish X Increase.
eg: The government wants to increase the
quota of jobs for the scheduled castes
and tribes.
c) You will have been flying to the US by this
time the day after. sOªô¢ª ÓõªxÙè… Ð
ú£÷ªóŸ«EÚ¨ ÍîμªJÚ¥ÚÛª N÷«ìÙö˺ ví£óŸ«é¨ú£«h
ÑÙæ°ô¢ª.z
d) He will have been leaving for Delhi by this
time tomorrow. sÍêŸè[ª ¸ôíˆð§æ¨Ú¨ CMxÚ¨
ví£óŸ«é¨ú£«h ÑÙæ°è[ªz
e) She will have been dancing at the theatre by
this time tomorrow. sÎîμª ¸ôíˆð§æ¨Ú¨ ô¢ÙÞœú£–õÙ
Oªë] û¦åuÙ à¶ú£«h ÑÙåªÙC.z
f) The train (it) will have been going to Delhi
by this time the day after. s¸ôíˆð§æ¨Ú¨ ·ôjõª CMxÚ¨
ví£óŸ«é¨ú£«h ÑÙåªÙC.z
DÙêÁ tenses í£²ô¢hô³ìç˶x.Tenses î¦è[ÚÛÙ
English ö˺ à¦ö° ÷³ÜuÙ. Ú¥ñæ¨d Oæ¨E practice
à¶óŸªè[Ù à¦ö° Í÷ú£ô¢Ù.
Writer
- M. Suresan