Lomaad, Johanna Gwenn T.

EE 171

Amplitude
Description Application Example Circuit
Modulator
 Special PN-junction diode with an I (intrinsic) layer
between the P and N sections. The P and N layers
are usually silicon, although GaAs is sometimes
 Microwave
used.
Circuit
 Acts as PN junction diode at frequencies below 100
Pin Diode  Tee
MHz and acts as a variable resistor or as a switch at
Configuration
higher frequencies.
Circuit
 During Zero/Reverse biasing, it acts like a high
value of resistance while during forward bias, the
diode resistance drop to a very low level.
 The input voltage’s rate-of-change with respect to
time is directly proportional to the voltage output.  Amplitude
 Resultant circuit can be made to either “Add” or Modulator
“Subtract” the voltages applied to their respective  Op Amp
Differential
inputs. Follower
Amplifier
 Uses a bridge circuit.  Non-inverting
 Make excellent amplitude modulators because they Amplifier
have a high gain and good linearity and can be 100
percent modulated.
 High-level modulator circuit.
 The output stage of the transmitter is a high-power
class C amplifier.
 Amplifies low level modulating signal to a high
power level.  AM
Collector
Modulator  Voltage is applied in the collector circuit of tuned Modulation
class C amplifier in push pull arrangement. It has
the merits of high linearity of modulation, high
collector circuit efficiency and high power output
per transistor.
  Transistorized version of a collector modulator in
which a transistor is used to replace the
transformer.
 Eliminates the need for a large, heavy, and
expensive transformer, and considerably improves  High power
Series Modulator
frequency response. AM
 Very inefficient because the emitter-follower
modulator must dissipate as much power as the
class C RF amplifier.

 Widely used in the past is simply a diode.

 a simple  Hearing Aid
Crystal Radio
 Radio receiver; reception is very weak because no  Foxhole Radio
Receiver
active amplification is provided.  Earphones
 Can receive standard AM broadcasts.
\
 Use an internal clock signal at the carrier frequency
in the receiver to switch the AM signal off and on,
 Produces rectification similar to that in a standard
diode detector.  Amplitude
Synchronous  Simplest form of detection for an amplitude Modulation
Detector modulated signal utilizes a simple diode rectifier.  Low Level
 Considerably less affected by selective fading Measurement
experienced on the medium and short wave bands.
 Have less distortion and a better signal-to-noise
ratio than standard diode detectors.
References

 Principle of Electronic Communication by Frenzel

 http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/opamp/opamp_5.html
 http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/rf-technology-design/am-reception/synchronous-demodulator-demodulation-
detector.php\