RC I Lecture Note , Jimma university, Civil engineering department.

Example 3.1

A simply supported RC beam spans 6m and is subjected to a permanent load of 20 kN/m and
sevice LL of 15 kN/m in addition to self weight. Materials C-25 and S-300 class I work are
used. If the beam width ,b = 300 mm, Design the beam for flexure.

Solution:
Depth for deflection:
 0.6 f yk  Le
d   0.4  
 400   a
6000
 d  0.85  255mm
20
 D  d  cov er  l 2   s
 255  25  20 2  8  298 mm
Say D = 310mm
Load on beams: Self weight= 0.25*0.31*25 = 2.232 kN/m
Dead load =20+2.232 =22.232 kN/m
Live load, qk = 15 kN/m
Design load, Pd = 1.3DL + 1.6LL
= 1.3*22.232 + 1.6*15 = 51.25 kN/m =52.90 kN/m
p d L2 52 .90 * 6 2
Analysis: M max  M d    238 .06 kNm
8 8
Design constants:
25 0.85 f ck
C  25  f cu  25MPa, f ck   20MPa, f cd   11.33MPa
1.25 1.5
300
S  300  f yk  300MPa, f yd   260.87 MPa
1.25
fyd 260 .87
m   28 .78
0.8 fcd 0.8 *11 .3
C1 = 2.5 , C2 = 0.32fcd = 3.616 Mpa
Check depth: Md = 0.8b x fcd(d-0.4x)
for ductility, x/d =0.45 . Thus Md = 0.2952 bd2 fcd

Instructor: Getachew K. Page 1

RC I Lecture Note , Jimma university, Civil engineering department.

238.06 *10^6
d   487.3mm
0.2952 * 300 *11.33 d> d used not Ok

Revise using D = 487.3+25+20/2+8=530.3 mm

Take D=550 mm , d’=43 mm d=507 mm
Self weight =0.55/0.31*2.232 =3.96 KN/m
DL =23.96 KN/m
Pd=1.3*23.96 + 1.6*15 =55.148 KN/m

Analysis
p d L2 55 .148 * 6 2
Md max    248 .166 kNm
8 8
248.166 *10^6
d   497.54mm
0.2952 * 300 *11.33

D < d used (507mm) Ok

Alternatively, Using Md = 0.8bd2fcd ) , we can check the depth for
flexure as

0.6 * cu 0.6 * 0.0035

 max   *11 .33 / 260 .87  0.019
cu  fyd / E 0.0035  260 .87 / 2 *10 ^5

Md =0.8*300* d2*11.33*0.019*28.78*(1-0.4*0.019*28.78

= 213626.18 d2

248.166 *10^6
d   462.20mm
213626.18

d < d used , Ok.

Instructor: Getachew K. Page 2

RC I Lecture Note , Jimma university, Civil engineering department.

Reinforcement:
C1= 2.5/m =2.5/28.78 =0.0869 and C2 =0.32 m^2 fcd =0.32*28.78^2* 11.33 =3000.39

1  4M 
 C1  C1  2 
2

2  bd C 2 
 
 
1 4 * 248.166 *10^6 
 0.0869  0.0869^ 2  
2 300 * 507 2 * 3002 
 
 
= 0.0149
0.6 0.6
 min    0.002
fyk 300
0.6 * cu 0.6 * 0.0035
 max   *11 .33 / 260 .87  0.019
cu  fyd / E 0.0035  260 .87 / 2 *10 ^5
 is between  min and  max.  As =  bd =0.0149*300*507=2266.30 mm2
Use 3  24 +3  20 =2292 mm2
Let’s check if we can arrange the steel in one row.
Clear spacing as per to EBCS 2, 1995 ; Smin >= =24 mm or 20 mm . Thus S min> =24 mm
S cal =(300-2*25-2*8-3*(24+20))/5=20.4 mm < Smin. Not Ok.
Using 3  28 +1  24= 2295 mm2
Now S min >= 28 mm
S cal =(300-2*25-2*8-3*28-1*24)/3=42 mm < S min OK.
Therefore d’=25+6+14 =45 and d=505 mm.
As =  bd =0.0150*300*505=2277.85 mm2

d=505mm

d1= 45 mm

b=300mm

Instructor: Getachew K. Page 3

RC I Lecture Note , Jimma university, Civil engineering department.

Example 3.2
The cross section of a rectangular RC beam bxd is limited to 250 mm by 400 mm respectively.
The steel provided in the tension zone is 420 and that of compression zone is 220.The
material used are c-25 and S-400 class I work. Determine the working moment the section can
sustain. Assume Both steel yields and stirrup used is  6 mm.

d=400mm

d’

b=250mm

Solution
d” = 25+6+10=41 mm
d’ = 25+6+10=41 mm
- Material constants

fcd =0.85 fck/ᵧc =11.33 MPa

fyd =fyk/ ᵧs =247.83 MPa

m=fyd/0.8*fcd =38.375

Mu = Muc + Musc
Muc = 0.8bd^2 fcd  1 (1-0.4  1 m)
As  As1 628 0.6 * 0.0035 *11.33
 1    0.0131
bd 250 * 359 0.0035 * 347.83 / 200000
 1 0.007
Muc =0.8*250*359^2*11.33*0.007*38.375*(1-0.4*0.007*38.375)
= 70.705 KNm
Musc =As1fyd( d-d’’)
=2*314*347.83*(359-41) =69.463 KNm
 Mu = Muc+ Musc =140.168 KNm

Instructor: Getachew K. Page 4

RC I Lecture Note , Jimma university, Civil engineering department.

Example 3.3

For the T- beam shown in the figure, determine the reinforcement required given the
following design parameters.
 Positive moment =180 KNm
 Effective width =400 mm
 bw=200 mm
 Materials used are C-30 and S-460
 Thickness of the slab=100 mm
 Effective depth=350 mm

be

hf

bw

Solution
- Material constants
Fcd =0.85*24/1.5 =13.6MPa
Fyd =460/1.15=400MPa
m=400/0.8*13.6=36.76
Mu =180 KNm

Assume a<hf ( considering as rectangle )

1.25  2M 
 1  1  
m  bed ^ 2 fcd 
 0.011

X =ρmd =0.011*36.76*350 =141.526 mm

Instructor: Getachew K. Page 5

RC I Lecture Note , Jimma university, Civil engineering department.

a=0.8X=113.22 >hf
Moment carried by the section if a=hf
Mu = fcd*be hf [d-hf/2]
=13.6*400*100*[350-50] =163.20KNm < 180KNm.
The neutral axis depth is in the web.So we have design as T-section.
 Moment carried by flange,Muf
Muf =(be-bw)*hf*fcd*Zf =(400-200)*100*13.6*(350-50)= 81.6KNm.
 Moment carried by web,Muw
Muw=Mu-Muf =180KNm-81.6KNm =98.4 KNm
Reinforcement
Muf 81.6 *10^6
Asf    680mm 2
Zf * fyd 300 * 400

1.25  2M 
 w 1  1  
m  bed ^ 2 fcd 
 0.01225

0.6 0.6
 min    0.002
fyk 300
 is between  min and  max
Asw=  w bw d =0.01225*200*350 =854 mm2
 As = Asf + Asw =1534 mm2 { use 5 20 =1575 mm2)
It can be seen that the width of beam cannot afford the bars in one row. Thus let’s use two rows.
i.e three in the first row nad the other two in the next row.
Considering  6 mm , d1’=25+6+10 =41 mm and d2’=25+6+20+20+10=81
d’=(3*81+2*81)/5=57 mm
D=350mm+57mm =407 mm.
 Take D=410 mm.

Instructor: Getachew K. Page 6

RC I Lecture Note , Jimma university, Civil engineering department.

Excercises
1. The cross sectional dimensions of a rectangular RC beam is limited to width of 300 mm and
depth of 500 mm. It is reinforced with 6 24 mm bar. The material used are C-25 and S-300
class I works. Determine the maximum working moment this section can sustain using WSD.
Assume n=8.
2. For the problem stated in question (1), determine the maximum working moment when the
reinforcement provided is changed to
a) 4 20 b) 5  16 c) 3 30
3. A rectangular singly reinforced beam which spans 6m is to be designed using WSD for dead
load of 10 kN/m including self weight and subjected to live load of 15 kN/m .Material used are
C-25 and S-400 class II work. The total beam depth must not exceed 550 mm. calculate the
required beam width and tensile steel required. Assume n=8.
4. A floor system is supported by simply parallel RC beams monolithically casted with Slab of 100
mm thick. The beam span is 7 m and spaced at 2.2 m on centerlines. If the beam supposed to
carry a live load of 4 KN/m2 in addition to its own weight and constructed from C-25 and S-
400, Design the beam for flexure and shear using WSD assuming n=7, bw=250 mm.
5. A rectangular cantilever beam spans 2.5 m and carries a uniformly distributed design load of W,
KN/m as shown in the figure. Materials used are C-25 and S-300 class I works. Assuming 250
mm width of support, determine the maximum design load from flexure and shear
requirement using LSD method.

W KN/m 4 Φ 20

450mm
5 Φ 16
2.25 Φ6 c/c 160 mm
m

250mm

Section at support

6. A two span rectangular RC beam of span 5m and 6m which is supported on column

sizes of 300 mm by 300 mm is subjected to carry a dead load of 12 KN/m and live load
of 4 KN/m in addition to its own self weight. Using materials C-25 and S-300 class I
work, design the beam for flexure and shear applying LSD method.

Instructor: Getachew K. Page 7