Megger - IDAX 300,350 User's Manual

IDAX 300/350 and IDAX 5.
0
User’s Manual
© 2013 Megger Sweden AB

IDAX User Manual 2 (156)
Rev PA7: 2013-05-13
IDAX User manual
Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Box 724
182 17 Danderyd, Sweden Website: www.megger.com
Rev PA7: 2013-05-13
Contents
1 Safety ............................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 General...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Instrument symbols .................................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Warning and Caution Notices ................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 Warning ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.2 Caution............................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 General safety instructions ....................................................................................................... 7
1.4.1 General safety measures for high voltage equipment ...................................................... 7
1.4.2 Training and local regulations ........................................................................................... 7
1.4.3 Grounding .......................................................................................................................... 7
1.4.4 User manual....................................................................................................................... 7
1.4.5 Pacemakers........................................................................................................................ 7
1.5 Instrument safety...................................................................................................................... 8
1.5.1 General instrument safety ................................................................................................. 8
1.5.2 Mains and grounding ......................................................................................................... 8
1.5.3 Test connections ................................................................................................................ 8
1.6 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 8
1.7 Environment ............................................................................................................................. 9
2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Features and benefits ............................................................................................................. 10
2.2 Service and support ................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.1 Contact information ........................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2 Checklist before calling/emailing for support ................................................................. 11
2.2.3 Shipping ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.4 Data backup ..................................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Receiving Instructions ............................................................................................................. 11
2.4 Warranty ................................................................................................................................. 11
2.5 Warranty repair ...................................................................................................................... 11
3 System overview ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.1 IDAX 300.................................................................................................................................. 12
3.1.1 Front Panel ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.2 Back panel........................................................................................................................ 15
3.1.3 Operating position ........................................................................................................... 15
3.1.4 Standard Accessories ....................................................................................................... 15
3.2 IDAX 350.................................................................................................................................. 17
3.2.1 Front Panel ...................................................................................................................... 17
4 Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 Installation of IDAX 5.0 software ............................................................................................ 21
4.2 Installation of IDAX 4.1 software ............................................................................................ 21
4.3 Preparing instrument .............................................................................................................. 21
4.4 Preparing test object .............................................................................................................. 22
4.5 Configurations and connections ............................................................................................. 22
4.5.1 Measurement terminals .................................................................................................. 22
4.5.2 Test modes ...................................................................................................................... 22
4.5.3 Connection examples – Power transformers .................................................................. 22

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5 IDAX 5.0 User Guide ....................................................................................................................... 23

5.1 Quick Moisture Test ................................................................................................................ 23
5.1.1 Measurement .................................................................................................................. 26
5.1.2 Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 26
5.1.3 Disconnect/re-connect .................................................................................................... 27
5.2 Operating IDAX 5.0 ................................................................................................................. 27
5.2.1 Left-section of the main window..................................................................................... 27
5.2.2 Middle section of the main window ................................................................................ 29
5.2.3 Right-section of the main window .................................................................................. 36
5.2.4 Analysis window .............................................................................................................. 37
5.2.5 New File ........................................................................................................................... 39
5.2.6 Moisture .......................................................................................................................... 39
5.2.7 DFR................................................................................................................................... 39
5.2.8 %DF/%PF.......................................................................................................................... 39
5.2.9 DC..................................................................................................................................... 39
6 IDAX 4.1 User Guide ....................................................................................................................... 40
6.1 Moisture Test .......................................................................................................................... 40
6.1.1 Comments and potential issues/error messages ............................................................ 48
6.2 General measurement – Test capacitors ................................................................................ 49
6.2.1 Measurement .................................................................................................................. 49
6.2.2 During Measurement ...................................................................................................... 53
6.2.3 Presenting Results ........................................................................................................... 54
6.2.4 Selecting Models.............................................................................................................. 56
6.2.5 IDAX System Control ........................................................................................................ 58
6.2.6 IDAX Results - User Interface ........................................................................................... 61
6.3 MODS for IDAX 4.1 ................................................................................................................ 114
6.3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 114
6.3.2 MODS user interface ..................................................................................................... 114
6.3.3 Modelling principles ...................................................................................................... 127
6.3.4 Matching a curve ........................................................................................................... 130
7 Calibration .................................................................................................................................... 135
8 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 137
8.1 Appendix A – IDAX 4.1 error messages................................................................................. 137
8.1.1 (112) Cannot start measurement .................................................................................. 140
8.1.2 (347) Output voltage is not within specified limits ....................................................... 141
8.1.3 (361) Overvoltage .......................................................................................................... 141
8.1.4 (364) Measured capacitances don't match ................................................................... 142
8.1.5 (365) Specimen capacitance below limit ....................................................................... 142
8.1.6 (366) Specimen capacitance above limit ....................................................................... 142
8.1.7 (367) Measured DC current > MaxDCCurrent ............................................................... 142
8.1.8 (368) Measured hum current > MaxHumCurrent ......................................................... 143
8.2 Appendix B - Measurement technique ................................................................................. 143
8.2.1 How Impedance is Measured ........................................................................................ 143
8.2.2 Sample Modelling .......................................................................................................... 144
8.3 Appendix C - Specifications ................................................................................................... 148
8.3.1 IDAX 300 Specifications ................................................................................................. 148
8.3.2 IDAX 350 Specifications ................................................................................................. 151

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8.4 Appendix D - Optional accessories ....................................................................................... 151

9 Index ............................................................................................................................................. 154

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1 Safety
1.1 General
IMPORTANT
Read and comply with the following instructions.
Always comply with local safety regulations.
1.2 Instrument symbols
Caution, risk of danger, refer to User's Manual or Help in instrument software.
Earth (ground) terminal.
WEEE, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Please utilize your local WEEE
collection facilities in the disposition of this product and otherwise observe all applicable
requirements.
CE marking indicates that the product conforms to the applicable EC directives for
products placed on the the market in the European Economic Area (EEA).
1.3 Warning and Caution Notices

Warning and caution notices are used throughout this manual where applicable and should be
strictly observed. These notices appear in the format shown below and are defined as follows:
1.3.1 Warning
Warning, as used in this manual, is defined as a condition or practice which could result in personal
injury or loss of life.
1.3.2 Caution
Caution, as used in this manual, is defined as a condition or practice which could result in damage to
or destruction of the equipment or apparatus under test.

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1.4 General safety instructions
1.4.1 General safety measures for high voltage equipment

The test set and the specimen to which it is connected are a possible source of high-voltage electrical
energy and all persons making or assisting in tests must use all practical safety precautions to
prevent contact with energized parts of the test equipment and related circuits.
Persons actually engaged in the test must stand clear of all parts of the complete high-voltage circuit,
including all connections, unless the test set is de-energized and all parts of the test circuit are
grounded. Persons not directly involved with the work must be kept away from test activities by
suitable barriers, barricades, or warnings.
Treat all terminals of high-voltage power equipment as a potential electric shock hazard. There is
always the potential of voltages being induced at these terminals because of proximity to energized
high-voltage lines or equipment.
1.4.2 Training and local regulations

All persons making or assisting in tests must be trained and qualified for the tests they are
performing. Local safety requirements must be followed at all times. Safety is the responsibility of
the user.
1.4.3 Grounding
Always use a safety ground stick to ground the high-voltage conductor. A safety ground jumper must
then be installed between all terminals of apparatus under test and ground. Always disconnect test
leads from power equipment before attempting to disconnect them at the test set. The ground
connection must be the first made and the last removed. Any interruption of the grounding
connection can create an electric shock hazard.
1.4.4 User manual

It is not possible to eliminate all potential hazards from, and in using, electrical test equipment. For
this reason, every effort has been made to point out in this instruction manual the proper procedures
and precautions to be followed by the user in operating this equipment and to mark the equipment
itself with precautionary warnings where appropriate. It is not possible to foresee every hazard
which may occur in the various applications of this equipment. It is therefore essential that the user,
in addition to following the safety rules in this manual, also carefully consider all safety aspects of the
test before proceeding.
1.4.5 Pacemakers
High-voltage discharges and other sources of strong electric or magnetic fields may interfere with the
proper functioning of heart pacemakers. Persons with heart pacemakers should obtain expert advice
on the possible risks before operating this equipment or being close to the equipment during
operation.

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1.5 Instrument safety
1.5.1 General instrument safety

The purpose of this equipment is limited to use as described in this manual. Do not use the
equipment or its accessories with any device other than specifically described.
1.5.2 Mains and grounding

The ground connection on the test set must be the first made and the last removed. Any interruption
of the grounding connection can create an electric shock hazard. Before making any connections to
the test object, use the Ground cable to ground the unit to Station Ground near the test object. This
is important both for safety and to ensure reliable measurement.
This instrument operates from a single-phase power source. It has a three-wire power cord and
requires a two-pole, three-terminal, live, neutral, and ground type connector.
Before making connection to the power source, determine that the instrument rating matches the
voltage of the power source and has a suitable two-pole, three-terminal grounding connector.
The power input plug must be inserted only into a mating receptacle with a ground contact. Do not
bypass the grounding connection. Any interruption of the grounding connection can create an
electric shock hazard. Determine that the receptacle is properly wired before inserting the plug.
Before connecting this unit to the mains outlet user must verify that only a single protective ground
systems exists AND no measurable voltage potential exists between the mains outlet protective
ground and the test object protective ground. If a voltage potential is found between mains outlet
protective ground and the test object protective ground then additional measures described in local
safety standards should be applied to ensure personal safety.
1.5.3 Test connections

Never connect the instrument to energized equipment. Before making any connections, make sure
that the test object is de-energized and grounded. Always disconnect test leads from test object
before attempting to disconnect them at the test set.
The test voltage which is reported by the instrument depends on the voltage set in the software.
Default value is 140 Vrms and max value is 200V peak (equivalent to 141 V RMS). The oscilloscope
will indicate that test voltage is present. Never use the software only as the indicator. Use the
Generator On/Off switch to ensure that no voltage is present when connecting and disconnecting
test leads.
1.6 Maintenance
DISCONNECT the MAINS plug before any cleaning or maintenance. Maintenance should be
performed only by qualified persons familiar with the hazards involved with high-voltage test
equipment. Read and understand Safety in the User Manual before performing any service.
Routine maintenance is all that is required for these test sets. The cables and connector panel should
be inspected frequently to be sure all connections are tight and all ground connections intact.

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The appearance of the test set can be maintained by occasional cleaning of the case, panel and cable
assemblies. The outside of the carrying case can be cleaned with detergent and water. Dry with a
clean, dry cloth. The panel can be cleaned with a cloth dampened with detergent and water. Do not
allow water to penetrate panel holes, because it may result in damage to components on the inside.
A household all-purpose spray cleaner can be used to clean the panel. Polish with a soft, dry cloth,
taking care not to scratch the display screen cover. The cables and mating panel receptacles can be
cleaned with isopropyl or denatured alcohol applied with a clean cloth.
1.7 Environment
General
IDAX is intended for both indoor and outdoor use but not in wet conditions (e.g. rain, snow or high
humidity, see Relative humidity below for more details). We also recommend avoiding dirty and
dusty environments, which eventually will affect accuracy of the unit.
Mains supply
100-240 V AC, 47-66 Hz
Mains supply voltage fluctuations up to ±10 % of the nominal voltage.
Temperature and altitude range

Operating -20 to + 55° C
Storage -40 to +70° C
Altitude The unit is not tested for altitudes above 2000 meter.
Explosive Do not use the unit in explosive environments
Relative humidity
Operating 0 to 90% non-condensing
Storage 0 to 95% non-condensing
Mechanical requirements
Dynamic IEC 61010-1
Static IEC 61010-1
Transport ISTA 2A
EMC EN 61 326-1:2006

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2 Introduction
2.1 Features and benefits
IDAX 300 is a very compact instrument and is used together with an external PC. The IDAX 350 has a
built-in computer but can also be used with an external PC. IDAX 300/350 provides an accurate and
reliable condition assessment of insulation in transformers, bushings, generators and cables. The
IDAX system maximizes the outcome of maintenance activities allowing for load and service life
optimization.
IDAX 300/350 instruments are smaller, lighter and faster than their predecessor IDA200/IDAX 206. It
maintains better accuracy and ability to provide reliable data using true AC DFR (Dielectric Frequency
Response), also known as FDS (Frequency Domain Spectroscopy), for reliable test results in high
interference environments. The software makes testing both easier and faster, allowing transformer
moisture and oil assessment in about 22 minutes (20°C).
IDAX measures the capacitance and tan delta/power factor of the insulation between power
transformer windings at multiple frequencies. Analyzing the results using modelling technique makes
it possible to assess the moisture level in the solid insulation, oil conductivity/tan delta and power
frequency tan delta at reference temperature (20°C). The test can be performed at any temperature
as the temperature dependence of the dissipation factor can be estimated.
• Automated measurement and analysis of moisture content, tan delta/power factor and oil
conductivity
• Individual temperature correction (ITC) of tan delta/power factor and oil conductivity
• 40% faster measurements with new IDAX 5.0 SW
• Reliable measurements in high-interference environments
• Multi-function test set for transformer measurements
2.2 Service and support

For technical assistance: please contact your local Megger representative or direct your request to
the office in Sweden.
2.2.1 Contact information

Internet www.megger.se
Email seinfo@megger.com
Telephone +46 8 510 195 00
Fax +46 8 510 195 95
Address Megger Sweden AB

Rinkebyvägen 19
182 36 Danderyd
Sweden

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2.2.2 Checklist before calling/emailing for support

• Check for mains voltage to the unit.
• Check the mains fuse.
• Restart the unit and, if applicable, the computer.
• Try to repeat the operation if possible.
• If any error messages, make a print screen (or a note) and attach to your email.
When reporting an error please include

• the serial number of the unit
• Windows version
• IDAX software version
2.2.3 Shipping
If you need to ship the unit back to your local representative or to Megger Sweden, make sure that
the unit is well protected. Megger cannot take responsibility for any transport damages.
2.2.4 Data backup

Before shipping the unit, make sure you have made a backup of all relevant data in your unit before
shipping. Megger cannot take responsibility for any corrupt or missing data during service or
shipping.
2.3 Receiving Instructions

• Check the equipment received against the packing list to ensure that all materials are
present. Notify Megger of any shortage.
• Examine the instrument for damage received in transit. If damage is discovered, file a claim
with the carrier at once and notify Megger, giving a detailed description of the damage.
• This instrument has been thoroughly tested and inspected to meet rigid specifications before
being shipped. It is ready for use when set up as indicated in this user manual.
2.4 Warranty
• Products supplied by Megger are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for
a period of one year following shipment.
• Our liability is specifically limited to replacing or repairing, at our option, defective
equipment.
• This warranty does not include batteries, lamps or other expendable items, where the
original manufacturer’s warranty shall apply.
• We make no other warranty. The warranty is void in the event of abuse (failure to follow
recommended operating procedures) or failure by the customer to perform specific
maintenance as indicated in this manual.
2.5 Warranty repair

• Equipment returned to the factory for repair must be shipped prepaid and insured.
• Make sure the unit is well protected for shipping, e.g. use original packing if possible.
• Contact your Megger representative for instructions and a return authorization (RA) number.

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• Please indicate all pertinent information, including problem symptoms.

• Also specify the serial number and the catalog number of the unit.
3 System overview
IDAX is an insulation diagnostic system for investigations/analysis of dielectric materials, normally
insulators. The measurement method used is dielectric frequency response or dielectric
spectroscopy, i.e. measurement of the dielectric properties of the material as a function of the
frequency, and in some cases also as a function of the voltage. By studying the dielectric material
properties as functions of frequency it is possible to make a distinction between different types of
phenomena. For example, it is possible to separate polarization loss from leakage currents.
The system applies a sinusoidal voltage with desired frequency over the sample. This voltage will
generate a current in the sample. By accurately measuring the voltage and the current, the sample
impedance can be calculated. Depending upon the actual sample model, various parameters can be
calculated from the impedance, such as such as tan delta/power factor, capacitance and resistance
etc. This procedure can then be repeated at the specified frequencies and voltage levels and even
more information on the sample can be revealed.
The system is fully computerized and most of the measurements can be performed automatically.
More technical and safety details are given in sections:

Specifications
System and accessories
Safety precautions
3.1 IDAX 300
3.1.1 Front Panel

Overview
Mains
a) Power ON/OFF switch
Turns unit on and off.
b) Mains connector
For connecting to mains outlet.
c) Fuse
Use small screwdriver to gently pry out to
change the fuse, F1, 2AT slow blow.

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Interface
d) USB Port
for connecting computer
e) ETHERNET
RJ45 connector for Ethernet connection via twisted
pair cable.
Output
f) Enable switch
1 for activating the generator output.
0 for deactivating the output of voltage.
g) Generator
Generator output triaxial connector
h) Active
Red high intensity LED. Is lit when output is
enabled, voltage may be generated.
External
Connector for external amplifier, e.g. VAX020
and VAX230.

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Input
Input 1 (red) and Input 2 (blue)
First and second input channel.
Do not connect to mains or energized test
objects.
Do not connect directly to Generator output.
Protective ground
Connector for connection to test object ground.
This is also used as measurement input.
Test
Test inputs.
Can be used for controlling basic functionality
and accuracy.
Connect only to Generator, and Input 1 or 2.

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3.1.2 Back panel

No connectors, no markings, only two air vents with fans.
Before delivery, the serial number label will be attached to the back panel with a unique serial
number (YYXxxxx) and Megger’s article number:
AG-19070 IDAX 300 without accessories
AG-19072 IDAX 300/S without accessories, two simultaneous measurement channels
3.1.3 Operating position

Standard working position is standing on its rubber feet on a flat surface. It can also be slightly lifted
up out of its transport case, thus protecting the instrument by using the lid of the transport case. It is
important to ensure free air flow behind back panel and fan openings.
3.1.4 Standard Accessories

The following accessories are included as standard when ordering an IDAX with 18 meter cables:
Mains cable
2
Earth/ground cable, 2.5 mm , 5 m / 15 ft,
Generator cable, 18 meter
Measuring Cable, Red, 18 meter
Measuring Cable, Blue, 18 meter
Soft bag for cables and accessories
USB memory stick
IDAX for Windows
MODS software
User Manual, IDAX
Test & Calibration Certificate
USB cable, A - B, 2 m / 5 ft (IDAX 300 only)
Transport case IDAX 300 (IDAX 300 only)
Optional accessories see Appendix D.

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IDAX 300 Transport case
Test cables Test certificate

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3.2 IDAX 350
3.2.1 Front Panel

Overview
Mains
Mains connector
For connecting to mains outlet.
When connecting the mains cord, the
internal computer will start.
Power ON/OFF switch
Turn the measurement and generator
module on or off.
Fuse
Use small screwdriver to gently pry out to
change the fuse, F1, 2AT slow blow.

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Interface
USB Port
for connecting to an external computer. Put
the switch in EXT position. To use the
internal PC, put the switch in INT position.
USB Ports
for connecting an external mouse, keyboard
or USB memory to the internal PC
Ethernet
RJ45 connector for Ethernet connection via
twisted pair cable to internal computer.

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Output
Generator
Generator output triaxial connector
Active
Red high intensity LED. Is lit when output is
enabled, voltage may be generated.
Enable switch
1 for activating the generator output.
0 for deactivating the output of voltage.
External
Amplifier
Connector for external amplifier, e.g.
VAX020 and VAX230.

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Inputs
Input 1 (red) and Input 2 (blue)
First and second input channel.
Do not connect too mains or energized test
objects.
Do not connect directly to Generator output.
Test
Test inputs.
Can be used for controlling basic functionality
and accuracy.
Connect only to Generator, and Input 1 or 2.
Before delivery, the serial number label will be attached to the back panel with a unique serial
number (YYXxxxx) and Megger’s article number (AG-19172).
4 Installation
The IDAX 350 comes with the IDAX software already installed on the internal computer. On the IDAX
300 and if you want to use the IDAX 350 with an external PC you have to install the software.
IMPORTANT: On the IDAX 350 make sure to close the IDAX software and the operating system
before turning off the unit using the on/off mains switch and disconnecting the mains cord.

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IDAX350 can be used as a central computer controlling other test instruments e.g Megger FRAX and
TTR. Megger SW is checked for co-existence and can be used together with IDAX 4 and 5. Be careful if
installing other manufacturer’s software on the IDAX unit. Doing so may prevent the IDAX software
from working as intended.
4.1 Installation of IDAX 5.0 software

Make sure your software is properly installed. IDAX software will install on Windows XP, Windows
Vista and Windows 7.
To be able to install this SW package, you MUST be logged in with Administrator’s rights.
IDAX SW also requires “Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0” to be installed, if the IDAX
installation program found that .NET Framework is not installed in your computer, then IDAX
installation SW will automatically start this installation. This may take a while (several
minutes).
IDAX 5.0 SW will also install the necessary drivers to communicate with the IDAX 300
instrument using the USB port. The USB cable must not be connected to IDAX 300 at this
time. In case of IDAX 350, switch the USB port PC selector to “EXT” (external computer
position).
4.2 Installation of IDAX 4.1 software

To start installing the software insert the USB memory stick and run the program IDAXInstall
XXXX.exe from it.
When first starting the IDAX software after installing it make sure the IDAX unit is connected and
turned on. For the IDAX 350 check that the PC interface switch is on the EXT position. When the
software starts it will look for the IDAX hardware and connect to it automatically.
When first starting the MODS software you will be asked for user name and key. Be sure to have
them handy.
4.3 Preparing instrument

First, connect the external safety ground cable to the IDAX instrument and then to the
station’s ground near the test object/transformer. Make sure the connection point is free
from paint/dirt/rust. This ground lead should be the first connection made, and the last one
removed.
Connect the mains lead (100-240V AC, 50-60Hz) to the IDAX instrument and switch it on.
In case of IDAX 300, connect a communication cable, either an Ethernet cable or USB cable,
between IDAX 300 and the computer. In case of use Ethernet, you may connect it to
company network.
The IDAX unit will be detected by the IDAX SW and the address identified. Allow connection
to the IDAX instrument. NOTE: In case you have several instrument connected via e.g. a
company network, confirm and make sure to connect the instrument intended to be used!
In case the IDAX FW version needs to be changed, IDAX SW will identify this during the first
connection to the instrument and initiate the corresponding upgrade. Follow exactly step-by-
step screen instructions to make sure the FW upgrade process is not interrupted in any way!
Note that Firmware update requires USB connection (no Ethernet). After the upgrade you
may use USB or Ethernet

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4.4 Preparing test object

All test object capacitances must be discharged/grounded before connecting IDAX test leads. This
means that all test object electrodes must be short circuited and grounded. The electrodes must
remain grounded until IDAX leads are connected. See picture below depicting ground connections
before measurement.
4.5 Configurations and connections
4.5.1 Measurement terminals

All IDAX have 3 measurement terminals (red, blue and ground) that allows measuring multiple tests
in an automatic sequence without having to change cable connections on the transformer.
The extended versions IDAX 300S and IDAX 350 have dual separate current measurement channel,
that allows for two completely independent measurements at the same time, thus minimizing test
time.
4.5.2 Test modes

IDAX supports the following test modes:
UST: Ungrounded Specimen Testing

Test mode Measure Ground Guard
UST-R Red Blue ---
UST-B Blue Red ---
UST-RB Red and Blue --- ---
GST: Grounded Specimen Testing
Test mode Measure Ground Guard
GST-GND Ground Red and Blue ---
GSTg-R Ground Blue Red
GSTg-B Ground Red Blue
GSTg-RB Ground --- Red and Blue
4.5.3 Connection examples – Power transformers

IDAX transformer measurements/connections are organized as follows:

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IDAX 300 (two winding transformer)

Test no. Measure Test mode Output (Yellow) Input 1 (Red) Input 2 (blue)
1 CH GSTg-RB H L NC
2 CHL UST-R H L NC
3 CL GSTg-RB L H NC
IDAX 300 (three winding transformer)

Test no. Measure Test mode Output (Yellow) Input 1 (Red) Input 2 (blue)
1 CH GSTg-RB H L T
2 CHL UST-R H L T
3 CL GSTg-RB L H T
4 CLT UST-B L H T
5 CT GSTg-RB T H L
6 CTH UST-R T H L
H = High Voltage Windings

L = Low Voltage Windings
T = Tertiary Windings
NC = Not Connected
In case of a two winding transformer the set-up the leads need to be moved between test 2 and test
3. In case of a three winding transformer the IDAX 300 second input channel is utilized. The test leads
need to be moved between test 2 and test 3 and between test 4 and test 5.
If using IDAX 300S or IDAX350 with two separate current measurement channels, the two set-ups
using same cable set-up can be measured simultaneously, e.g. test 1 and test 2 (test 3 and test4; test
5 and test 6). Note that Test 6, CTH (Energize T and measure H), in many cases are replaced by CHT
(Energize H and Measure T)
5 IDAX 5.0 User Guide

5.1 Quick Moisture Test
This section describes the procedure to perform moisture assessment measurements on a 2-winding
(single or three-phase) power transformer using IDAX 5.0 SW. Step-by-step instructions are provided,
intended for the non-experienced user.
Start the IDAX 5.0 SW

1. Begin set-up measurement by pressing the “New File”-button

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2. Select “Single Test” tab, “Moisture” button (see left-hand side arrows)
3. Then choose suitable test object template, e.g. 2W-transformer (two-winding transformer)
4. Enter mandatory temperature data for ambient and object temperature (highlighted). Object
temp. (°C) refers to insulation temperature. Top oil or winding temperature is normally used
as insulation temperature for the transformer. Designation is the tag or identification code of
the UUT (unit under test) e.g. T2 (transformer No. 2). Suggested file name will be
“Location”+”Designation”+”Date”+Time”.
5. Press the green “Create”-button at the low right-hand side of the window.
6. Select the folder where the measurement will be saved and name the file. The default name
is composed of: “Location”+”Designation”+”Date”+Time”.
Note: At any later time you may access Nameplate and change/add information by pressing “Edit
Nameplate” button in the program main window.

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Now you have a “File” with one “Test”, the CHL configuration, visible on the legend in the left-hand
side of the main window (see picture below). On the top you have several “Tabs” showing
Nameplate, The Test (Named Moisture), Hook-up, Graph (and table), Settings and Help.
1. Press the Hook-up tab to show the cable connections from the instrument to the object.
There are two pictures showing the two versions of IDAX300, IDAX 300 delivered 2011 or
earlier (to the left) and IDAX 300 delivered 2012 or later. Note that in case you have an older
IDAX300 with two input connector for each channel, the SENSE input must NOT be
connected
2. Ensure that the safety ground cable is connected to the IDAX 300 instrument and to the
station ground near the test object/transformer. This cable acts as safety ground AND test
input lead.
3. Make sure that all HV phase terminals and any exposed neutral terminal are connected
together. While connecting together the terminals with bare copper wire, the
phases/windings should be connected to ground.
4. Make sure that all LV phase terminals and any exposed neutral terminal are connected
together. While connecting together the terminals with bare copper wire, the
phases/windings should be connected to ground
5. Connect the Generator cable to the high voltage winding – according to the picture in Hook-
up tab.
6. Connect the Red input lead to the low voltage winding – according to according to the
picture in Hook-up tab.
7. Remove any grounding connection from the windings before you start the measurement.
8. Connect to the IDAX instrument using the “Connect” button located on the right-hand side of
the main window or simply press the “Start” button (that will connect to IDAX 300 if not
connected yet)
9. Press Start to initiate the measurement/test

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5.1.1 Measurement
The Moisture Test will start a routine initiation procedure where the system measures all1
capacitances, including stray capacitances in the test object as well as the interference level. This
routine procedure sets up the instrument and the model ensures the highest possible accuracy over
the selected frequency range.
Note; A capacitance check is also performed and in case the measured capacitance to ground does
not match with the sum of individually measured capacitances, the measurement will be stopped. If
so, re-check that all connections are correct and start the measurement again.
Next, the Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR) measurement starts from the highest selected
frequency (usually 1000 Hz) and then steps down to the set “Stop frequency” of e.g. 1 mHz. After
measuring 40 Hz, power frequency capacitance and dissipation factor are calculated and presented.
5.1.2 Analysis
In a Moisture Test; when DFR sweep passes 1 Hz, the first automatic analysis is performed and
preliminary results are presented in the “Analysis results” section. After the test is completed (last
frequency point measured) the final analysis results are displayed:
• Measured capacitance and %DF
1
From 2012, IDAX has single input terminals and utilizing a new methodology where stray capacitance are
estimated and compensated for based on pre-measurements on all terminals, red, blue and ground. In
previous IDAX models with dual input terminals, “input” and “sense”, some stray capacitances were not
compensated for. Note: The compensation is only important for higher frequencies well above 50/60 Hz.

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• Calculated dissipation factor at 20°C reference temperature using ITC (individual

temperature correction)
• Moisture content in the solid insulation
• Oil conductivity at 25°C reference temperature using ITC
5.1.2.1 Insulation assessment guidelines
Default limits for %DF/%PF @ 20°C are based on recommendations in IEEE PC57.152 and CIGRE TB442.
For moisture assessment, average values between IEC and IEEE recommendations are used. Oil
classification is based on IEEE C57.106 “IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil
in Equipment”, differentiating “new” and “service aged” mineral oils.
5.1.2.2 Insulation geometry
In Moisture Test, limits for insulation geometry matching are based on the selected test object. For
power transformer, limits are pending if the design is shell or core type, as described in the
application note “Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR) Measurement and Analysis Settings
(IDAX/MODS)”. The resulting geometry model parameters can be viewed in the “Analysis” window
by pressing the “Analysis” button in the right-hand side of the main window.
5.1.3 Disconnect/re-connect
It is possible to disconnect the computer and let the IDAX unit run standalone by pressing the “Run
Standalone” button and then disconnect your computer. The data will automatically be stored in the
IDAX instrument’s internal memory and uploaded to the IDAX 5.0 when it is re-connected (you may
even close IDAX 5.0 SW and turn off your computer but if you re-connect using a different computer,
you will only get test data which does not include general e.g. Nameplate data)
5.2 Operating IDAX 5.0
5.2.1 Left-section of the main window

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When no file is loaded the left section shows the latest used files for quick access and a button for
opening other saved files. If you open an old IDAX file in either IDF or IZF format you will be given the
option of either just open the file or convert it to the new IDAX format.
5.2.1.1 File conversion wizard
A file conversion wizard will be started if the choice is to convert the file. Here you will be required to
add necessary information that is missing and you can also correct faulty information.
When a file is loaded the wizard displays a list of the sweeps in the file. You can select what sweeps
to show clicking the X in the colored square to the left of the sweep name. If you right-click the
colored square you can change the sweep color. If you double-click the sweep name you can add a
short description of it.
5.2.1.2 Sweep (test) actions
A sweep with no tick to the right of the sweep name is not measured and you can start the
measurement with F9 or “start”
A ticked sweep is measured can be re-measured with “Remake”. Please note that the new
measurement will be performed as by the actual measurement settings and not necessarily exactly
as the old measurement.
Sweep labels can be changed by double-clicking the name.
Sweep color can be changed by double-clicking the colored name

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By clicking the name at the top you open up a menu for handling the file where you can open the
folder it is save in or send the file via e-mail.
Clicking the red X in the upper right closes the file.
At the bottom there is a button for deleting the selected sweep as well as the button for opening a
new file.
5.2.2 Middle section of the main window

5.2.2.1 Nameplate Tab
The Nameplate Tab shows the information about the test object; it reflects the necessary
specifications corresponding to the type of object selected e.g. number of bushings and capacitances
to be tested. If the nameplate information needs to be modified after the measurement has been
completed, you can press the Edit Nameplate button, see 5.2.3.4., and modify the information as
needed.
Notes is intended for noting specific details for the particular measurements

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Attachements may be photos or other files describing the test object/test conditions etc
5.2.2.2 New test
New test creates a new measurement/sweep where the type of measurement can be:
Moisture
DFR
%PF/%DF
DC
For every measurement the object and test mode can be defined as well as other data necessary for
the test.
5.2.2.2.1 Moisture
See section 5.1.2 for information about Moisture tab.
5.2.2.2.2 DFR
In the DFR Tab the measurement is performed at multiple frequencies in the same way as in the
Moisture Tab but no automatic analysis is performed. Analysis is started manually from the Analysis
button, see section 5.2.3.5. The results of the analysis will only be displayed after an analysis has
been performed (as “DFR” or “Moisture”)

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5.2.2.2.3 %PF/%DF
In the %PF / %DF tab, 50 or 60 Hz values for capacitance, dissipation factor/tan delta and excitation
current can be measured. Multiple recordings can be made by repeating “start”. Results are
presented in table format.
5.2.2.2.4 DC
In the DC tab you can perform DC insulation measurements. Results are presented as polarization
current versus time as well as Insulation Resistance (IR) at 60 seconds, Dielectric Absorption Ratio
(DAR) and Polarization Index (PI). Please note that the measurement time needs to be sufficient (10
minutes) to display all values.

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5.2.2.3 Hook-up Tab

This tab displays how to connect the cables of the IDAX instrument to the test object for the
particular test.
5.2.2.4 Graph Tab (Table)
The graph tab will let you view and compare multiple measurements. You can look at both %DF/%PF
or capacitance at the same time. A Y-axis will appear for display. It is also possible to view the
measurement points in a table.

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5.2.2.5 Settings Tab
5.2.2.5.1 General:
• Language: Different languages can be selected form this menu. After selecting a different
language, the SW needs to be re-started in order of this change to apply.
• Line Frequency: Frequency selection for the power network where the actual component is
measured (not necessarily the AC input to IDAX). Will set frequency for presentation in Test
tabs, for Line Frequency %DF/%PF measurements and power frequency interference
measurements (in the initialization procedure).
• %DF/PF/TD: Selection of %DF (percentage Dissipation factor), %PF (percentage Power Factor)
or %TD (percentage Tan-delta = %DF).

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• Bushings: Bushing terminals in Multiple Sweeps are labeled according to ANSI (H1, H2…), IEC
(1U, 1V), ABC (A, B …) or Customized labeling that is possible to edit.
• Temperature: Selection of Fahrenheit or Celsius for ambient temperature entry.
Note: Object/insulation temperature is always entered as degree Celsius.
• Enable Keypad: Enables or disables the pop-up keypad suitable for touch screen operation.
• Enable oscilloscope: Enables the Oscilloscope (see upper right corner in the main window)
5.2.2.5.2 Instrument Configuration

Generator: The IDAX has two internal voltage sources. One of maximum 200V peak
(approximately 140 V RMS) output voltage. The second source has maximum 10 V peak
(approximately 7 V RMS). By selecting “External, VAX” and connecting the external VAX 020
amplifier, the output voltage levels can reach up to 2000 V peak (approximately 1400 V
RMS).
Test Leads: The influence of capacitances and resistances in the test leads is taken into
account in IDAX SW. By defining the type of test leads being used, the highest possible
accuracy is achieved. It is especially important for high capacitive specimens and high-
frequency measurements. By pressing the “Edit” button, a window appears where adding
additional test leads or changing values of existing test leads is possible.
5.2.2.5.3 DFR (Frequency sweep)

Enable or disable the use of multi-frequency generating/measuring technique for
measurements below 1 Hz. Multi-frequency mode generate and measure three frequencies
simultaneously, significantly reducing the measurement time in the frequency range < 1Hz.
Note: Multi-frequency technique is preferred when measuring to very low frequencies,
typically for moisture measurements in power transformers. When measuring low
capacitance objects e.g. bushings or instrument transformers, or in situations with very high
interference, standard single-frequency measurements are recommended.
“Frequencies” Lists the frequencies to be used to perform the frequency sweep. If edited
(not recommended for standard measurements), do NOT use any frequency in the interval of
line frequency ±3 Hz or any multiple of the line frequency value (e.g. 101 Hz for a 50 Hz
system or 119 for a 60 Hz system is forbidden)
5.2.2.5.4 Models:
Selection of what parameters to be available in graphs and tables. The options are as follows:
C: Capacitance
%DF: % Dissipation Factor (it will change to
%TD if %TD is selected in General)
%PF: % Power Factor
C’’: The imaginary part of the complex
capacitance (C is capacitance AND the real
part of the complex capacitance. 1/Z = Y =
j*w*(C-jC’’)).
5.2.2.5.5 Analysis Settings

In the Moisture tab, interpretation levels for %DF @
20°C, Moisture content in cellulose and liquid

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conductivity (or %DF /%PF) @ 25°C is set. By pressing the Edit Ranges button, the Edit
Analysis window will pop up and modifications to default setting values are possible.
o Note that each type of liquid has its own limits.
o Note that in the Edit Analysis window, it is possible to enter only values for
conductivity; however, these values are automatically presented as e.g. %DF based
on settings in Insulation Liquid Loss
The suggested stop frequency value for Moisture Test is based on the object/insulation
temperature vs. stop frequency table that can be edited under the “Edit Stop Frequency”
button.
Edit materials
Edit materials will let you choose which materials to use in the analysis window for specific
objects. A transformer usually has cellulose while an instrument transformer typically has
Kraft paper as insulation material. Default materials are Cellulose and Kraft paper, more
materials can be added.
Insulation Liquid loss
This item represents the losses for material 2, normally mineral oil, in the analysis window,
the different options are:
Conductivity (S/m)
%TD, Tan delta value in percent
%DF, Dissipation Factor value in percent
%PF, Power Factor value in percent
5.2.2.5.6 Factory Settings

This will restore the settings to the default factory settings from original installation

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5.2.3 Right-section of the main window

5.2.3.1 Oscilloscope
The Oscilloscope displays the IDAX 300 internal signals in Red, White and
Green. The red signal is corresponds to the output voltage, the white
signal shows the main electrometer output voltage (which is a function of
the input current) and the Green signal shows the optional 2nd
electrometer output voltage (IDAX300S and IDAX350). The oscilloscope
time base is automatic.
Below the oscilloscope, the first row displays the status of measurement
and the frequency or frequencies used. The second row shows an
estimate of remaining measurement time.
NOTE: As the oscilloscope displays the internal (measured) signals they
can differ from the actual output e.g. using IDAX + VAX020 in time
domain the positive DC output will be displayed as negative as the actual
measured signal comes from an inverted divider.
5.2.3.2 New File
All tests (DFR sweeps, %DF tests and more) on an object are stored in
one single XML data file. Either you add a test to an existing file (by select
an open test and press New Test button) or you create a New File/new
measurement session by pressing the New File button.
5.2.3.3 New Test
Add a new test to a File (see 4.2 New Test)
5.2.3.4 Edit Nameplate
Open up the Nameplate for editing.
5.2.3.5 Analysis
Open up the Analysis window (similar to MODS 2.0 program in IDAX 4.1).
5.2.3.6 Export
Opens up a dialog box to export measurement data into text format,
compatible with e.g. MODS 2.0
5.2.3.7 Report
Opens up a Microsoft Word report dialog where pre-defined report
templates are available

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5.2.3.8 Connect/Disconnect/Run Standalone button

You may connect the IDAX 5.0 SW to the IDAX instrument by pressing the Connect button. The
Connect button will open up a Connect to instrument window (see picture on the right-hand side). If
any IDAX instrument is found via USB or Ethernet, they will pop-up as a button labelled e.g. “Connect
to unit p23”. Press this button to connect to this specific unit. In case this automatic detection does
not work you may alternatively enter the
address/port in the field at the bottom of the
window and then press the Connect button. Any
IDAX connected via USB will be shown in green
colour and via Ethernet in blue colour.
Note: Connection via Ethernet can be done by direct

cable or via Network/LAN-hub; using a LAN you will
be able to operate the IDAX from remote places. In
case you have several instrument connected via
Network/LAN-hub, make sure connect to correct
instrument.
When the IDAX system is connected, the button will change label to a Disconnect button and you
may use this button to disconnect the IDAX.
When a long and time consuming test is initiated, it is possible to disconnect the PC from the IDAX
and let the unit store the measurement data until it is connected again. In cases where this is
possible, the button is labelled Run Standalone.
5.2.3.9 Settings section
In this section you may change the settings for the specific test:
Change colour of e.g. graphs by pressing the color button.
Change Test mode by clicking the test mode button (currently set to measure CHL for this
test
Change test voltage level by changing test voltage.
Change temperature of object/insulation tested.
5.2.3.10 Start/Stop/Remake button
Using the button labelled Start, you may start a test, and by pressing the button labelled Stop you
will stop a test. If you have marked an executed test in the legend, you are not able to override this
test and therefore the button change function gets labelled Remake. The Remake guides you to
make a new test as a copy of the executed test.
Note: Using the Remake-button will make the settings used in the previous measurement but not
copy the settings from the 5.2.2.5 section “Settings tab” such as frequency, generator and cable
setting.
5.2.4 Analysis window

This tab performs insulation modeling of the measured Dielectric Frequency Response, DFR.

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When pressing “Analyze” the modeling SW performs an automatic “matching” of a modeled

insulation (X-Y model) with the measured response.
5.2.4.1 Geometrical
Barriers (%X) represent the amount of barriers in relation to total insulation thickness and sticks (%Y)
represent the area the sticks cover. These parameters are the same as in MODS 2.0. If checked
(default and recommended), the analysis function automatically calculates a geometry of the
modeled insulation.
Limits for X/Y depend on the test object and default settings as in table 1.
Apparatus X parameter range Y parameter range

Core Form Transformer 15-55 10-35
Shell Form Transformer 55-90 10-35
Bushings and CTs 20-100 0-5
Table 1: Recommended X&Y Parameters for insulation modelling.

5.2.4.2 Materials
Material 1 is the solid insulation, “Cellulose” or “Kraft paper”. “Cellulose” is the same default
database as in IDAX/MODS 2/3/4, “Kraft paper” is a slightly different database tailored for CTs and
other objects containing mainly paper and little or no pressboard. Material 2 is the “liquid”
insulation; Mineral oil, different types of ester oil, silicone oil or air/vacuum.
5.2.4.3 Match
The matching algorithm is based on complex capacitance. Deviation is based on a summation of
deviation between the measured and modeled response and indicates the “quality” of the match. If
the deviation is too large, no results will be displayed as “Moisture”.

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5.2.4.4 Temperature tab

In this view, the modeled insulation is presented as dissipation factor at power frequency (50/60 Hz,
single frequency) versus temperature.
5.2.4.5 Save/Cancel
Changes made in this analyze window can either be saved to the test, Moisture test or DFR test or
not saved to test (Cancel).
5.2.5 New File
5.2.6 Moisture
This is the Moisture tab described in section 3
5.2.7 DFR
The Dielectric Frequency Response (DFR) tab opens for a general DFR measurement of capacitance
and dissipation factor over a frequency range. In this tab, the user defines test object and setup,
frequency range, if and how the results should be analyzed etc.
5.2.8 %DF/%PF
In this tab IDAX performs standard capacitance and dissipation factor measurement as well as
excitation current measurements at a single frequency e.g. at power frequency for the selected test
object/test mode.
5.2.9 DC
In the DC tab you can perform DC insulation measurements. Results are presented as polarization
current versus time as well as Insulation Resistance (IR) at 60 seconds, Dielectric Absorption Ratio

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(DAR) and Polarization Index (PI). Please note that the measurement time needs to be sufficient (10
minutes) to display all values.
6 IDAX 4.1 User Guide

6.1 Moisture Test
This describes how to use IDAX for doing moisture assessment measurements on a 2-winding (single
or three-phase) power transformer. It is written as a “Quick Guide” with step-by-step instructions,
intended for the non-experienced user. For more details and full description of IDAX features, please
see the User’s Manual of the instrument.
1. Follow the general preparation procedures as described in Getting Started with IDAX.
2. Connect IDAX to ground/transformer tank using the external ground cable. Make sure
the connection point is free from paint/dirt/rust.
3. Turn on IDAX and external PC
4. Connect the USB cable for PC connection
5. Start IDAX SW
6. Open Results window by File-Windows-Results
7. Create your test object by selecting File-New-Object in the Results window
8. Browse/select type of object/object template (2-winding transformer) and enter test
object type and name. Save (Note: If no objects are found, Win 7 has automatically
changed the default directory from the original setting. Object template folder is My
Documents\IDAX\ObjectTemplates. Browse to the correct folder and select)

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9. Enter Transformer data. Save

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10. Create your test sequence by selecting measurement object and File-New-
Measurement sequence (or right-click on File/Object name). Enter test name (not
mandatory) – OK
11. Select test and enter test information. Most important is to enter insulation
temperature (Apparatus temperature). For a transformer insulation temperature is
assumed to be the same as winding/oil temperature. Save.

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12. Select 2W-CH_CHL measurement (Inter-winding capacitance, CHL in a two winding

transformer, should always be used for moisture assessment. If inter-winding
capacitance cannot be measured for some reason, select the winding closest to the
core, normally CL, for the moisture assessment. For an autotransformer or a Reactor
where no inter-winding capacitance is available, select CT/CH, which will also include
the insulation closest to the core.). Check measurement parameters and make sure
the stop frequency is in line with insulation temperature. Default value is 1 mHz,
sufficient for 20-30 C. For lower or higher temperatures see table below.
DFR frequency range for moisture and temperature dependence analysis
Temperature range, °C Maximum stop frequency, mHz

0-4.9 0.1
5-9.9 0.2
10-19.9 0.5
20-29.9 1
30-44.9 2
45-59.9 5
>60 10

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1. Prepare/confirm the transformer and IDAX for the test as described in the
"Measurement Plan" tab text and picture.

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2. Connect IDAX measurement cables to the transformer as described in the

measurement data tab text and picture
3. Start measurement. “Start” in control window or F9.
4. IDAX will initiate a short connection setup verification and then start the measurements
at 1000 Hz
5. If you want to monitor the measurement, start oscilloscope. Window-oscilloscope or F5.
6. Measured capacitance and tan delta at power frequency will be displayed under the
50/60 Hz tab as soon as the measurement has passed 40 Hz
7. Display results continuously by selecting “Graph” tab in results window.
8. When the measurement is finished, select the actual CHL measurement data file, right-
click and select “Send to... MODS”. (Note; if the actual measurement data file is not
open, double click on the measurement file.)

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9. When MODS opens, confirm the insulation temperature for the measurement
(temperature data should normally have been entered before the measurement and
the value is automatically transferred to MODS)
10. Check that “Conductivity”, “Moisture” and Geometries are selected for automatic
analysis
11. Click “Auto match”.
12. MODS will start the iteration procedure and when finalized after about 30 seconds,
display moisture content, oil conductivity, tan delta at power frequency and
approximate insulation geometry

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13. Results can be reported by selecting file-report-compile report.

14. Add information/edit report and save/print.

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6.1.1 Comments and potential issues/error messages

“Cannot start measurement”: Most common reasons are:
o A measurement file (e.g. 2W-CHL, C-file marked red) need to be
selected before a measurement can start
o The selected measurement is already performed (e.g. 2W-CHL, D-file,
marked green). You cannot again measure an already measured
sequence, select File-Remake Measurement (or right-click on the
measurement file) to create a new measurement file.
If IDAX stops after the connection setup verification and displays an error message,
check/confirm connection setup including ground cable connection. Make sure any
possible neutral is NOT grounded. Try to measure again, if problem remains, connect
test leads to the built-in test capacitors and perform a test using the “Test capacitor”
template. Measured values should be about ± 10% of nominal values. If the problem
still remains there is probably a cable issue or some problem with the HW. Try to
measure with short standard BNC cables instead of the IDAX cables to identify any
cable issues.

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If you discover a measurement problem during the test, the measurement can be
stopped/aborted immediately. To measure the same setup again, right-click on the
measurement file and select “Remake measurement”. IDAX will automatically create a
new measurement file with a different numbering. (An IDAX measurement can be
aborted at any time. All data collected so far will be stored and can be used for
analysis).
An IDAX (true AC DFR) measurement do not require discharging to measure accurate
results, you can simply re-measure the same configuration several times. (This is NOT
true for DC-methods!)
6.2 General measurement – Test capacitors

This section describes how to perform a diagnostic measurement on a specific test object. More
details about the software functions can be found in IDAX System Control and IDAX Results.
It is recommended to start using IDAX by going through the procedure in this section in order to
become familiar with the instrument and the software. This procedure is also a good test to perform
whenever a confirmation of the proper functioning of the instrument is required. This test is
executed using the standard equipment delivered with IDAX.
6.2.1 Measurement
1. Make sure that IDAX is properly connected to mains outlet.
2. Turn on IDAX using the mains switch POWER on the front panel. The IDAX performs a
self-test and start-up procedure.
3. Activate the Results window if not active after start-up.
4. In Results create new object selecting Object from menu File / New. Click "Browse"
and select !!Test Capacitor.obj template and enter arbitrary name as Object Name, for
example "Test" and click OK.
5. By default all measurement templates listed as Associated Measurement Templates

will be available for performing the measurements. It is possible to deselect one or
more measurement templates from Associated Measurement Templates. As shown in
picture below, four Measurement Templates !!C10 (GST-Guard), !!C12 (UST), !!C12,
C10, C10+C12 and !!C20 (GST-Guard) are associated with the object "Test
Capacitor"
6. Fill in available fields with relevant information.
7. Create new measurement sequence selecting Measurement Sequence from menu File
/ New. Arbitrary name can be entered as Measurement Sequence, for example
"Getting Started" and press OK. New measurement sequence with corresponding
Measurement Plan files will appear in Test Browser.
8. Fill in available fields with relevant information.

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6.2.1.1 Test Sequence
The test object to be measured using the built-in capacitance box built into the system that
terminates at the front panel. The respective capacitances are:
C10 = ~2.5 nF
C12 = ~4.7 nF
Warning!
The measurement system can generate hazardous and even lethal voltages.
Carefully read "Safety precautions".
Ungrounded Specimen Test (UST) Measurement

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In Test Browser select Measurement Plan file !!C12 (UST), carefully read and follow the instructions.
1. Make sure that preparation procedures (both IDAX and Test Object) have been followed.
2. Connect the output to the lower capacitance connector.
3. Connect Input 1 to the top capacitance connector.
4. Turn on the output switch activate the output and then start the measurement. The IDAX starts by
running a pre-test sequence to verify test conditions and the actual test is not started if certain
conditions are not fulfilled.
5. Wait until measurement is finished or abort earlier by stopping the measurement.

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Grounded Specimen Test (GST) Measurement
Follow the instructions below.
1. Make sure that preparation procedures have been followed (see also "Ungrounded Specimen Test
(UST) Measurement").
2. Connect the generator output to the upper capacitance connector.
3. Connect Current 1 and Sense 1 to the lower capacitance connector.

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4. Turn on the output switch activate the output and then start the measurement.
5. Wait until measurement is finished (or abort earlier by stopping the measurement).
6.2.2 During Measurement

When the measurement has been started the measurement file icon changes to an icon
corresponding to the data file.
1. By pressing <F4> on the keyboard, Results window can be activated if not already active and the
measurement progress can be viewed when selecting Graph tab. The graph shows the dissipation
factor for a typical transformer in the frequency range 0.002 - 1000 Hz .
2. By pressing <F5> on the keyboard, an oscilloscope will be displayed on the screen. The Ch 0 (red)
signal in the oscilloscope displays the applied voltage over the sample, Ch 1 (white) is the output
voltage from the first electrometer and Ch 2 (turquoise) is the output voltage from the second
electrometer. The output voltage from the electrometer is a function of the current through the
sample.

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3. The instrument stops automatically after the last measurement point is completed, however, the
measurement can be interrupted earlier by a stop command.
6.2.3 Presenting Results

By default the measurement data is presented using a model defined in the measurement plan.
However, additional models can be added while inspecting the results (see Selecting Models for
details).
Depending on which parameters are of interest to the user, the measurement data can be presented
using different models. E.g. in the tanδ model the dissipation and/or power factor as well as
capacitance can be displayed in the graph as a function of frequency. See also how to select models
in sections "Configuration / Models" and "Sample Modelling".
The results can be viewed using three additional tabs: Graph, Table and 50/60 Hz data as shown in
pictures below.

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Graph tab is active
Table tab is active

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50/60 Hz Data tab is active
The selection of 50 or 60 Hz is selected in the Configuration menu under Power Frequency Data.
6.2.4 Selecting Models

1. Select Configuration / Models in Results window and all available models will be presented as
shown below. In this picture, both the "Dielectric" and "C, PF, Tan-delta" models are ticked.
Select the desired models and click OK.

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2. In the Graph tab you can select the desired parameters. For example, the dielectric
parameter ε'.
3. In Results window menu the choices File / Export, File / Print and File / Report allow
for exporting the measurement data and creation of reports. See section File / Report.
All measurements are stored on the IDAX 350 system hard disk or the measurement computer's hard
disk on an IDAX 300 system and can be opened and analysed at any time. For comparison purposes,
many measurements can be loaded into the same Results window.

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6.2.5 IDAX System Control

The IDAX System Control performs a measurement according to commands pre-arranged in a
Measurement plan, using programming syntax described in IDAX Command and Variable References.
The Measurement plan used is available in Results tab Measurement plan.
In addition to the IDAX System Control program window, a few more windows are accessible from
here.
Window Functions
Results Editing of measurement plans and displaying the results. Window is activated
after up-start by default
Comments Adding comments to the actual measurement.
Messages Displaying messages from the software during a measurement.
Oscilloscope Viewing the actual voltage and current curve forms.
6.2.5.1 Message Window

Messages from IDAX system to the user will be displayed in the Messages window. For example, if a
measurement was aborted prematurely by the program, the reason for it will be displayed here.
6.2.5.2 Connect and Disconnect

In the File menu you have the choice to connect (if not connected) and disconnect (if connected) to
the IDAX unit. If you are not connected and the software needs to connect to the IDAX unit it will be
done automatically.

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6.2.5.3 Oscilloscope
By pressing <F5> on the keyboard, an oscilloscope will be displayed on the screen. The Ch 0 (red)
signal in the oscilloscope displays the applied voltage over the sample, Ch 1 (white) is the output
voltage from the first electrometer and Ch 2 (turquoise) is the output voltage from the second
electrometer. The output voltage from the electrometer is a function of the current through the
sample.
Ch1 and Ch2

Trace 1, white, is proportional to the sample voltage. Trace 2, red, shows the electrometer output
voltage, which is a function of the input current.
Horizontal control
The oscilloscope time base can be set either on auto scale or manual. On auto scale, the time base is
set from the generator signal from the DSP. In the manual mode, the time base is set by the Time/div
slide bar. The time above the slide bar refers to the time per division, the full oscilloscope window
width consists of ten divisions.
Roll
The Roll check box can be used for slow signals that the oscilloscope may otherwise have difficulties
to accurately lock.
Vertical control
The gain of the input channels can be adjusted with the vertical slide bars. The voltage range is
displayed beside the slider. The offset of the displayed signals can be adjusted by placing the mouse
pointer inside the oscilloscope window and dragging it up and down while holding the mouse button.
6.2.5.4 Changing Language

The language in which IDAX user interface (IDAX software) is displayed can be changed. The following
languages are available:
English
Swedish

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German
French
Spanish
More languages can be added on request or you could translate it yourself.
Language is changed selecting menu Configuration / Change Language in IDAX System Control,
which opens a file opening dialog. The selected language file, *.lng, is loaded and it will be used after
restarting the IDAX program. Each language has its own language file, *.lng, and all language files are
located in the directory C:\Program Files\Megger\IDAX\Language files\.
In addition to IDAX interface language, the language of Measurement Templates is changed if a

translation is available. The translation files are stored in the sub \Language files\ under the
installation directory.
6.2.5.5 Test Leads
The Test Leads dialog is used to select and, possible edit the settings for different cable sets.
The presets drop-down is used to select what cable set you are to use for a measurement. If the
cable set you are planning to use is not included you can use the “Add” button to add a new preset.
There is a check-box you to leave blank for when not using the sense lead. It only applies if Sense is
connected. Sense was available on earlier version of IDAX300, but has been discontinued.
The settings for a cable set can be edited. What the different settings means is explained in this
table.
Generator Input 1 Input 2 Ground

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R Resistance of centre Resistance of Resistance of Resistance of

(Ohm) conductor centre conductor centre conductor earth/ground
conductor
L ----- Inductance of Inductance of Inductance of
(Henry) input 1 cable input 2 cable earth/ground
cable
C12 (Farad) Capacitance between Cap. between Cap. between -----
centre conductor and conductor and conductor and
middle shield shield shield
C23 (Farad) Capacitance between ----- ----- -----
middle shield and
outer shield
6.2.5.6 About
In "About" window the software versions of installed IDAX system, its program components and
information about the operating system are displayed.
6.2.6 IDAX Results - User Interface

Results program is the window where all data from the measurement are displayed in a graphical or
text format. Earlier performed measurements can also be opened for comparison purposes.
Moreover, a measurement plan for the measurement to be performed can be edited here.
Interaction with the program is done via windows and toolbar menu, the functions are described in
"Results Menus and Commands"
Results window is divided into two sections:

Test Browser (left-side)
Measurement Plan and presentation of the measurement results in graphical and table
format (right-side)

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6.2.6.1 Results Menus and Commands

Windows menu
Menu Description
File Menu Operations with measurement objects, measurement files, etc.
Edit Menu Editing and changing properties of opened measurements.
Diagram Menu Zooming features
View Menu Selection of presentation form
Configuration Menu Configuration of Results window settings
Help Menu On-line Help
Icon menu
Icon menu is designed for easier navigation and operations with Test Browser.

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Open measurement
Close measurement
Save
New Measurement Sequence
Toggle between Show and Hide sweep
Show/Hide Test Browser
Switch between Measurement Sequence and Measurement Plan or data file
Go one Measurement Plan or data file Down in Measurement Sequence if there are more
than one
Go one Measurement Plan or data file UP in Measurement Sequence if there are more
than one
6.2.6.1.1 Results File Menu

Menu Command Description
New Create new objects and/or Measurement Sequences
Add/Remove Templates Add new or remove existing Measurement templates
Open Measurement Open selected measurement(s)

Close Measurement Close selected measurement(s)
Remake Measurement Repeat a measurement
Save Save current template or Measurement Plan

Save As... Save the current template under a new name.
Load D-file... Temporarily load a measurement file into Results

Import Import measurement data, templates, et.c
Export Export measurement data, templates, et.c
Print Print short summary of measurement

Report Create detailed report about measurement
Send to... Send data to an external analysis program
Rename File/Folder Rename individual file, test sequence or object folder

Delete File/Folder Delete individual file(s), test sequence(s) or object folder(s)

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Exit Close Results program
6.2.6.1.1.1 File / New

Depending on selected file or folder in Test Browser user can create:
New Object Create new Object is created if the object to be measured is not among
those in Test Browser
New Test Sequence Create new Measurement Sequence for a selected Object
6.2.6.1.1.1.1 File / New / Object

New object is created if the object to be measured is not among those in Test Browser.
1. Select New / Object from File menu which opens New Object dialog
2. Select appropriate object template by using Browse button and press Open

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3. Enter name for the new object, for example, "Test capacitor" and press OK.
4. Newly created object appears in Test Browser as shown below.

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6.2.6.1.1.1.2 File / New / Measurement Template

1. From View menu select View / Browse Measurement Templates
2. From File menu select File / New / Measurement Template, enter a name, e.g. template.icf, for
new template and press Save. New empty template will appear in Text View mode for editing. See
also section "IDAX Commands and Variables".
6.2.6.1.1.1.3 File / New / Object Template

1. From View menu select View / Browse Object Templates
2. From File menu select File / New / Object Template, enter a name for new template and press
Save. New empty template will appear in Text View mode for editing. See also section "IDAX
Commands and Variables".

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6.2.6.1.1.1.4 File / New / Measurement Sequence

New Measurement Sequence is created when:
new measurement is to be performed on new object
new measurement is to be performed on an existing object
individual measurement file(s) is imported
Note!
Before creating new Measurement Sequence, at least one measurement template must be
associated with the test object.
1. To create new test sequence:

select New / Measurement Sequence from File menu
or
right-click on chosen test object and from menu selecting New Measurement Sequence
(see picture below)
2. New Measurement Sequence will be automatically assigned a name in form of date as shown
below (date has the format according to International Standard ISO 8601). The name for
Measurement Sequence (i.e. "First Test" as in picture below) is optional.

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6.2.6.1.1.2 File / Add/Remove Templates

User can add or remove Measurement Templates, (C-files) for selected measurement object using
this command. It invokes a dialog window where user can add or remove available Measurement
Templates (see picture below).
This dialog window can be also invoked by right mouse click on selected object and choosing
Add/Remove Templates from the menu which appears as shown below.

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6.2.6.1.1.3 File / Open Measurement

One or more measurements can be opened by this command depending on selected item in Test
Browser.
Selected item Data to be opened

Single data file All sweeps in selected data file
Measurement Sequence All sweeps in all data files under selected Measurement Sequence
Object All sweeps in all data files in all Measurement Sequences under
selected Object
6.2.6.1.1.4 File / Close Measurement

One or more measurements can be closed by this command depending on selected item in Test
Browser.
Selected item Data to be closed
Single data file All sweeps in selected data file
Measurement Sequence All sweeps in all data files under selected Measurement Sequence
Object All sweeps in all data files in all Measurement Sequences under
selected Object
6.2.6.1.1.5 File / Remake Measurement

In cases when user is dissatisfied with a certain measurement it is possible to repeat this
measurement with the same settings using Remake Measurement as follows:
1. Connect IDAX to the test object if not connected.
2. Select the measurement file, (D-file) to be repeated (obligatory).

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3. Right click and choose Remake Measurement. It will create a Measurement Plan, (C-file) from the
selected data file, i.e. all measurement settings from this data file are copied into the new
Measurement Plan, (C-file).
4. Make corrections in Measurement Plan if needed.
5. Start the measurement.
6.2.6.1.1.6 File / Save

Save any changes made to the current template or Measurement Plan.
6.2.6.1.1.7 File / Save As

1. Select template which is to be saved under new name.
2. Invoke Save As dialog from menu File / Save As...
3. Enter new name for the template and press OK.
Note: The Object Templates are saved in Object Templates directory and
Measurement Templates under Measurement Templates directory
6.2.6.1.1.8 File / Load D-file

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+L
This command allows for temporary loading of single measurement files, D-files. During loading a
Temporary Object and Temporary Sequence are created as shown in picture below. All subsequent
data files are opened under the same Temporary Sequence.

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The opened files can be then imported under an existing object by using File / Import / File To
Structure.
If Results program is opened as an independent program and the data files are temporary opened,
then closing Results program, user is asked if the opened files should be imported into the existing
data structure.
6.2.6.1.1.9 File / Import

When sharing measurement data between different IDAX instruments or computers, Import function
facilitates the process of insertion of individual measurements into existing data structure. Data are

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imported in a fashion which corresponds that they can be appropriately imported back into the same
or other data structure.
Depending on data to be imported type and structure the following options are available:
IDA Zip File Import archived measurement data

File to Structure Import selected file into existing structure
Measurement Templates Import selected Measurement Templates
Object Templates Import selected Object Templates
6.2.6.1.1.9.1 File / Import / IDA Zip File

Short-cut keys: Ctrl+Alt+I
Import the data in from archived (*.izf) format. Data are inserted among existing
measurements preserving the structure of the archived file.
1. Choose File / Import / IDA Zip File to invoke regular Open dialog.
2. Select file to be imported and press OK.
6.2.6.1.1.9.2 File / Import / File to Structure

Command is used to import individual measurement files into existing data structure, i.e. it requires
an Object and a Measurement Sequence. New Object and Measurement Sequence need to be
defined in case there is no object and/or sequence to import the data.
1. From menu File / Import / File to Structure invoke import dialog.
2. Select the directory where measurement(s) to be imported are located.
3. Select Object under which the measurement must be imported.

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4. Select the Measurement Sequence.

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5. Select measurement(s) to be imported. By default all measurements located in given directory are
imported. Deselect those which not to import by unchecking appropriate check boxes.

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6. Press OK button and the measurement will appear in the Test Browser.

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6.2.6.1.1.9.3 File / Import / Measurement Templates

Measurement Templates can be imported from a selected location on the IDAX hard drive or user's
computer. It is done by invoking a dialog window shown below from menu File / Import /
Measurement Templates:
1. Choose directory where template(s) to be imported are located by typing in the path manually or
using Browse button.
2. Select template(s) to be imported from available templates in the left hand side.

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3. Press Add button or double click by left mouse button on chosen template.
4. Press OK button.
6.2.6.1.1.9.4 File / Import / Object Templates

Object Templates can be imported from a selected location on the IDAX hard drive or user's
computer. It is done by invoking a dialog window shown below from menu File / Import / Object
Templates:
1. Choose directory where the template(s) to be imported are located by typing in the path manually
or using Browse button.
2. Select the template(s) to be imported from available templates in the left hand side.

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3. Press Add button or double click by left mouse button on chosen template.
4. Press OK button.
6.2.6.1.1.10 File / Export

When sharing measurement data between different IDAX instruments or computers, Export function
facilitates the process of extraction of individual measurements or templates from existing data
structure. Data are exported in such a fashion that they can be appropriately imported back into the
same or other data structure.
Depending on objective the Export function can be used in differently:
IDA Zip File Export data structure to a single file

Data Export tab-delimited data or graph into a file
Measurement Templates Export selected Measurement Templates
Object Templates Export selected Object Templates
It is also possible to copy and paste directly from the Table view.
6.2.6.1.1.10.1 File / Export / IDA Zip File

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Short-cut keys: Ctrl+Alt+E
Export of the data in an archived (*.izf) format. By exporting data into an IDA Zip File, the data
structure is preserved. It is possible to export:
individual measurements - Object and Measurement Sequence information are

included.
Measurement Sequences - Object information and all measurements in this sequence
are included.
Objects - all Measurement Sequences with respective measurements are included.
If s measurement sequence is selected the selected measurement sequence and the object will be
exported. If an object is selected that object and all measurement sequences will be exported.
6.2.6.1.1.10.2 File / Export / Data

Short-cut keys: Ctrl+E
The "Export" command invokes an export-dialog with two different file type options, export to a file
as a graph or the measurement points:
WMF (Windows metafile)

TXT (Tab delimited format)
If the measurement data is exported as a TXT-file one can also select appropriate Format and
Decimal separator. The Format option allows user to remove the header of the file, which makes it
easier to import the data into another program. Decimal numbers are written in the file using chosen
Decimal separator option - point or comma.
Export will include all selected parameters. For selecting parameters see Selecting Models.

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Moreover, it is possible to export also the measurement file itself by checking checkbox "Include D-
File", which may be favourable when exporting to a removable media.
6.2.6.1.1.10.3 Header
Export with header

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Export without header
6.2.6.1.1.10.4 Point/Comma
Point as a decimal separator

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Comma as a decimal separator
6.2.6.1.1.10.5 File / Export / Measurement Templates

Measurement Templates can be exported to a selected location on the IDAX hard drive or user's
computer. It is done by invoking a dialog window shown below from menu File / Export /
Measurement Templates:
1. Select templates to be exported side from available templates in the left hand.
2. Press Add button or double click by left mouse button.

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3. Choose destination directory typing in the path or using Browse button.
4. Press OK button.
To remove a template:
1. Select it from the right hand side from selected templates.
2. Press Remove button or double click by left mouse button.
6.2.6.1.1.10.6 File / Export / ObjectTemplates

Object Templates can be exported to a selected location on the IDAX hard drive or user's computer.
It is done by invoking a dialog window shown below from menu File / Export / Object Templates:
1. Select templates to be exported side from available templates in the left hand.
2. Press Add button or double click by left mouse button.
3. Choose destination directory typing in the path or using Browse button.

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4. Press OK button.
To remove a template:
1. Select it from the right hand side from selected templates.
2. Press Remove button or double click by left mouse button.
6.2.6.1.1.11 File / Print

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+P
The Print command allows user to print out a simple report of the measurement results in a text
format.
Graph, Table or 50/60 Hz Data view

Pressing Print first invokes a special window for Print Setup, where user can compose the
appearance of the report. By checking in given options one can print out a report consisting of:
calculated values such as equivalent current, dissipated power, power factor and
capacitance at 10 kV and at 50/60 Hz,
table containing the data, which are selected in the Results window,
graphical presentation of the measurement, i.e. a screenshot

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Test Plan view

When in Measurement Plan view and in Text View mode user can print test plan text. If not in Text
View mode, the Print command is inactive.
6.2.6.1.1.12 File / Report

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+Alt+P
This command invokes a dialog window where two report generators are available. It requires that
you have selected either a measurement or a measurement sequence and at least one measurement
is loaded.
Report Generator Description

MS Word Create Report using features Microsoft Word text editor (Requires
MS Word application installed on computer)
6.2.6.1.1.12.1 MS Word Report

MS Word report generator allows for designing, viewing and printing reports using Microsoft Word
features.
When invoking MS Word report generator, a dialog window allows for choosing between various
options as shown in the picture below. If there are already prepared report file(s) they will be listed
in the left side of the dialog window and can be selected to work with.

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Menu functions Description

New report file Create new report file using MS Word
Add report Add a report to the list of available reports
Delete Delete the selected report file
Modify Modify in selected report file can be done. It means that the
layout, appearance, etc. can be changed.
Compile Preview selected report file with the users data. Printing is
done using MS Word print options.
Close Close Report dialog

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6.2.6.1.1.13 File / Send to

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+D
In addition to different data export options, the measurement data file, (D-file) can be sent to other
programs directly for further analysis. For this purpose Results are configured by providing search
path to the external program. The configuration is made from menu Configuration / Program...
where the appropriate executable file is selected in dialog box.
Now the data file loaded into Results can be sent to the chosen external program from File / Send
to... as shown below. If the configuration step has been omitted, the dialog shown above appears
and user is prompted to enter the search path at this stage.

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When a executable application is selected, the name of the executable is added to the Send to...
menu as shown below, where MODS has been chosen as application where data are to be sent.
The data can also be sent to selected application by right mouse click and selecting Send to .. MODS
as shown in picture below.

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6.2.6.1.1.14 File / Rename File/Folder

1. Select the file or folder to be renamed
2. Choose Rename File/Folder from menu or right-click on the file or folder
3. Type new file or folder name and press Enter
6.2.6.1.1.15 File / Delete File/Folder

1. Select the file or folder to be deleted
2. Choose Delete File/Folder from menu or right-click on the file or folder. A pop-up window will
appear:
3. To confirm, select Yes and press Enter or left-click, otherwise select No.
6.2.6.1.1.16 File / Exit

Shortcut keys: Alt+F4
1. Closes Results program, without quitting IDAX System Control program. Results can be restored by
pressing F4 or selecting from menu Windows / Results in IDAX System Control window.
2. If Results were launched as stand-alone application - File / Exit quits Results program without
saving changes.
6.2.6.1.2 Results Edit Menu

Commands for handling text and objects

Undo Undo last operation
Copy Copy item(s) or text to clipboard
Copy All Copy all selected items or text to clipboard
Cut Cut item(s) or text to clipboard
Paste Paste item(s) or text from clipboard
Select All Select all item(s) or text from Results window

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Commands for handling graphical output

Toggle Sweep Toggles between show and hide measurement sweep
Mark Sweep Shows measurement sweep
Unmark Sweep Hides measurement sweep
Change Sweep Color Changes colour appearance of measurement sweep
6.2.6.1.2.1 Edit / Undo

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+Z
Reverse the effect of the last action performed, such as typing, deleting or formatting text, etc.
6.2.6.1.2.2 Edit / Copy

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+C
Place a duplicate of the selected text or item(s) onto the Clipboard where it can be pasted elsewhere.
6.2.6.1.2.3 Edit / Copy All

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+Alt+C
Graph
Copy Results window to Clipboard. i.e. make screen dump as using Alt+Print Screen.
Table
Copy content of the table to Clipboard
50/60 Hz Values
Copy measured values at 50/60 Hz to Clipboard.
Test Plan
Highlight all text in the current text frame (Text View) and place a duplicate of it onto the Clipboard
where it can be pasted elsewhere.
6.2.6.1.2.4 Edit / Cut

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+X
Delete the selected text from Measurement Plan or Template and place it on the Clipboard where it
can be pasted elsewhere.
6.2.6.1.2.5 Edit / Paste

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+V

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Place the contents of the clipboard (the last text cut or copied) back into Test Plan.
6.2.6.1.2.6 Edit / Select All

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+A
Highlight all text in the current text frame (Text View) for subsequent copying.
6.2.6.1.2.7 Edit / Toggle Sweep

Toggles between Mark Sweep and Unmark Sweep, i.e. displays or hides the selected sweep(s) in the
graph, table and the values at power frequency. The effect of Toggle Sweep depends on position in
Test Browser.
Position in Test Browser Displayed sweeps

Object All opened measurements under this object are displayed/hidden
Measurement Sequence All opened measurements in this sequence are displayed/hidden
Measurement file All sweeps in this file are displayed/hidden
A sweep selected Only selected sweep is displayed/hidden
6.2.6.1.2.8 Edit / Mark Sweep

Displays the selected sweep in the graph, table and shows values at power frequency. In order to
have an effect of Mark Sweep:
the sweeps must be unmarked (hidden)
the sweeps to be displayed also depends on selected position in Test Browser.

Object All opened measurements under this object are displayed
Measurement sequence All opened measurements in this sequence are displayed
Measurement file All sweeps in this file are displayed
A sweep selected Only selected sweep is displayed
6.2.6.1.2.9 Edit / Unmark Sweep

Hides the selected sweep in the graph, table and the values at power frequency. In order to have an
effect of Unmark Sweep:
the sweeps must be marked (displayed)
the sweeps to be hidden also depends on selected position in Test Browser.

Object All opened measurements under this object are hidden
Measurement sequence All opened measurements in this sequence are hidden
Measurement file All sweeps in this file are hidden
A sweep selected Only selected sweep is hidden
6.2.6.1.2.10 Edit / Change Sweep Color

Changes colour appearance of selected sweep. Change Sweep Color invokes a colour dialog window
from which a desired colour for sweep can be selected. This command can also be invoked right-click
on selected sweep.

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6.2.6.1.2.11 Edit / Read Only

Allows for changes in those fields which are read only by default:
object data when measurement sequence is selected
Measurement plan for data files (D-files)
By selecting Edit / Read Only this feature is removed and user can change the content of all fields.
6.2.6.1.3 Results Diagram Menu

Menu command Description
Zoom in Zooming in into a selected area
Zoom out Returning to full graph
6.2.6.1.3.1 Diagram / Zoom In

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+I
1. The Zoom In command allows user to select a rectangular area of the by dragging a rectangle with
the mouse.
2. The marked area will then be magnified to cover the entire graph area as shown below.

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6.2.6.1.3.2 Diagram / Zoom Out

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+O
Zoom out command fully displays all active curves similarly as turning on Autoscale in axis settings.
The axis settings in the axis settings (see section Configuration / Graph / Axis), however, remain
unchanged.
6.2.6.1.4 Results View Menu

Browser Show/Hide Test Browser.
Browse Object Tree Allow to select which items are displayed Test Browser.
Browse Measurement Templates Show only Measurement Templates
Browse Object Templates Show only Object Templates
Information Display information about Object, Measurement Sequence,
Measurement Plan etc.
Graph Show graphical representation of measurements
Table Show table view of the measurement results
50/60 Hz Data Present the values at power frequency
Text View Open Measurement Plan or Template programming commands
for its interface and measurement settings for review and

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editing
Show Measurement Templates Show/Hide Measurement Templates
6.2.6.1.4.1 View / Browser

Toggles between hide and show Test Browser. It may be convenient to hide it in order to maximise
the area for graphical output as well as for table and when editing measurement plans.
6.2.6.1.4.2 View / Browse Object Tree

Displays all objects inclusive associated Measurement Templates, Measurement Sequences,
Measurement Plans, (C-files) and measurement data files, (D-files).
6.2.6.1.4.3 View / Browse Measurement Templates

Displays all available Measurement Templates and it is possible to edit any of them as well as create
new ones.
6.2.6.1.4.4 View / Browse ObjectTemplates

Displays all available Object Templates and it is possible to edit any of them as well as create new
ones.
6.2.6.1.4.5 View / Information

Measurements performed by IDAX are described in a command file, called Measurement Plan or C-
file (*.icf). This text file contains all information specific for the measurement in question, and is in its
entirety saved in the data file (*.idf) before the measurement data.
Displayed content of Information tab depends on selected place in Test Browser. There are several
possibilities:
Object selected
Measurement Sequence selected
Measurement Template selected
Measurement Plan selected
Measurement Data selected
Information - Object
Displays information about object corresponding to the chosen Object Template. Object information
can be edited using also Text view mode. The changes made here will, however, be unique for the
given object. Permanent changes must be made in Object Template(s).

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Information - Measurement Sequence

Measurement Sequence displays information relevant to given measurement occasion.
Measurement Sequence can be edited using also Text view mode. The changes made here will,
however, be unique for the given Measurement Sequence only. Permanent changes must be made in
Object Template(s).
Information - Measurement Template

1. Selected Measurement Template is associated with an object
Displays the appearance of Measurement Plan for specific conditions (see also
Measurement Templates) and given object. Measurement Template(s) can be edited using also Text
view mode. The changes made here will, however, be unique for the given object only. Permanent
changes must be made in Measurement Template(s).

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2. When using View / Browse Measurement Templates

Similar as above, but the changes made in Text view mode will be permanent and will
have effect when creating next new object or adding given Measurement Template to existing
object(s).
Information - Measurement Plan

Measurement Plan displays the same information as Measurement Template and can be edited also
using Text view mode. In the Text view mode appearance of the Measurement Plan view can be
specified, thus hiding irrelevant information from the user. The changes made here will, however, be
unique for the given measurement. Permanent changes must be made in Measurement Template(s).

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Information - Measurement Data

Measurement Data displays the same information as Measurement Plan. The data itself is not visible,
yet can be viewed in Text mode.
Caution: The data files are Read-only and even the editing is possible after disabling Read-only
attribute, it is strongly discouraged. Any data loss or damage caused by editing of data files is user's
responsibility.
The IDAX System Control reads the Measurement Plan and each line is interpreted in subsequent
order. Normally, every variable or command is contained in a separate row. However, multiple
variables and commands can be entered in the same row if they are separated with semicolons.
When the measurement is started, current Measurement Plan is copied to a file LastC.icf in D:\IDA
catalogue, which is then read and executed by the IDAX System Control.
6.2.6.1.4.6 View / Graph

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+G
Displays graphical output of an ongoing measurement and/or previously made and opened
measurements. It is possible to display graphical representation of the measurements using different
parameters, i.e. loss tangent, power factor (PF) capacitance (C) and others (see also Configuration /
Models).

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The labels LIN and LOG can be clicked to switch between lin and log display of the axis. Note that
negative values can not be displayed in log.
By clicking right mouse button on a measurement point the properties of this point are shown in
Properties box in left lower corner of Results window.
6.2.6.1.4.7 View / Table

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Shortcut keys: Ctrl+T
Ongoing measurement and/or previously made and opened measurements are displayed in a text
mode. In addition to measured values loss tangent, power factor, PF, capacitance, C and others, in
Table mode also hum current, DC offset and object's capacitance are shown for specified
configurations.
6.2.6.1.4.8 View / 50/60 Hz Data

Measured values
When a frequency sweep is performed, the measurements are done at certain pre-defined
frequencies. Due to possible interferences at power frequency (50 or 60 Hz) it is generally
recommended to avoid this interference frequency. Instead, two measurements near the power
frequency are performed and the values at power frequency are obtained by interpolation.
10 kV equivalents
The 10 kV equivalents are values that are calculated from the measured values. Using low voltage,
e.g. 200 Vpeak, will result in a certain current through the sample. A linear insulating material, such
as oil and/or paper, will have the same dissipation factor and capacitance also at a 10 kV test voltage.
Therefore, it is possible to calculate the current and power at 10 kV from the measured values.

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6.2.6.1.4.9 View / Text View

Displays text behind the Measurement Plan or Template. In Text View all formatting and
measurement settings are shown for user and editing is enabled. It is also possible to view data files
(D-files), but their editing is disabled.
6.2.6.1.4.10 View / Show Measurement Templates

Shows or hides Measurement Templates associated to objects in Test Browser. Hiding templates
saves space in Test Browser, which may be recommended.
6.2.6.1.5 Results Configuration Menu

There are commands under this menu which allow user to configure output of measurement results,
display desired measured values in both graphical and text format as well as edit measurement
plan(s).

Information Configure appearance and Template and Measurement Plan editing
tools
Graph Configure appearance of graphical output
Table Configure Table view
Power Frequency Data Display values of losses and capacitance at power (network) frequency
(50 or 60 Hz)
Send to Select an external program for data analysis
Models Display available models for presentation of results
6.2.6.1.5.1 Configuration / Information

Editing of Measurement and Object Templates and Measurement Plans in Text View mode can be
facilitated by means of this dialog window.

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1. Checking/unchecking Gutter displays/hides line numbering in the left side.
2. Advanced help enables automatic appearance of alternatives for variables. When typing
a variable name followed by "=" sign, the alternatives appear as a drop-down menu (see
below) and user can select the appropriate one.
3. Highlighting settings allows user to change the color scheme for appearance of text editor (see
example below).

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4. Font... allows user to select the fonts to be used in Text view of Measurement or Object Templates
and Measurement Plan.
6.2.6.1.5.2 Configuration / Graph

Allows user to configure appearance of graphical output
Menu commands Description

Display Title Toggle ON/OFF display title
Axis Configure Axis settings
Background Change background color
6.2.6.1.5.2.1 Configuration / Graph / Display Title

Toggles ON/OFF the graph title.
6.2.6.1.5.2.2 Configuration / Graph / Axis

The Axis command invokes the axis dialog window. This window allows the names, scales, grid,
prefixes, etc. on the axes to be modified. The dialog is divided into three parts:
Title
X-axis
Y-axis.

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6.2.6.1.5.2.2.1 Autoscale
Autoscale automatically sets the scale so that all active curves are displayed in the graph.
Note!
Negative values are not possible to display in logarithmic scale. You can switch between lin and log
scales by clicking the text in the graph.
6.2.6.1.5.2.2.2 Grid
For grid settings, three options are available:
None, no grid is shown.

Small, also called tics. Only an indication at the axis, no lines in the graph.
Full, all lines are displayed in the graph.

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6.2.6.1.5.2.2.3 Label
Allows user to enter a label text for both X- and Y- axis.
6.2.6.1.5.2.2.4 Log/Lin
Makes it possible to change between logarithmic and linear scale for the X and/or Y axis.
Note!
Negative values are not possible to display in logarithmic scale.
6.2.6.1.5.2.2.5 Precision
Precision sets how many digits of the point is presented in the Graph/Table.
6.2.6.1.5.2.2.6 Prefix/Scientific
Changes between Prefix or Scientific notation in the Graph/Table.

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6.2.6.1.5.2.2.7 Title
Here the title for the graph in Results can be written. If Auto is checked, the title of the measurement
will be displayed for the measurement. If more than one measurements are loaded in the results
window, with different titles, no title will be displayed.
6.2.6.1.5.2.2.8 Unit
Units for both X- and Y- axis.

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6.2.6.1.5.2.3 Configuration / Graph / Background

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+B
Using this command the background of the graph can be changed. The selected color is used on
display and in files exported in *.wmf format, however, when printing the background color is set to
white.
6.2.6.1.5.3 Configuration / Table

Allows user to choose between displaying or hiding the disturbance data when in Table mode.
6.2.6.1.5.4 Configuration / Power Data

Configures display of desired values at power frequency (50 or 60 Hz). This command invokes a
dialog window shown below. The options are as follows:
1) showing either loss tangent (tanδ) or Power Factor (PF)
2) select power frequency

50 Hz, e.g. Europe, Australia, most part of Africa and Asia
60 Hz, e.g. USA, Canada, Mexico, certain countries in South America
3) showing interpolated 10 kV equivalents for current, dissipated power, Power Factor and
capacitance

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6.2.6.1.5.5 Configuration / Program...

The dialog window, which appears when selecting this menu command, allow user to choose an
external application for further data analysis. This is done by providing the search path to this
program as shown below.
6.2.6.1.5.6 Configuration / Models...

Shortcut keys:Ctrl+M
Command Configuration / Models... invokes a window where available models for presentation of
measurement results are shown. Different models can be selected and the corresponding results in
graphical or text format will be simultaneously displayed.

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Selected models appear at the bottom of Results window, where one can choose which parameters
are to be shown. Below the Dielectric and C, PF, Tan-Delta models are chosen to be used in Results
and ε′ as a parameter is displayed in the graph.

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6.2.6.1.6 Impedance models

The following impedance models and their parameters are available:
6.2.6.1.7 Results Help Menu

Contents Show content of all IDAX Help
Results Help Display help for Results only
What's this? Pop-up help for unclear fields or menu
6.2.6.1.7.1 Help / Contents

IDAX Help contents displays available Help topic:
Topic Description
IDAX Overview of IDAX operating principle and functions
Results User Interface Preparation of measurements and presentation of results
Command and Variable Reference Reference of programming directives
IDAX Error Messages Error messages generated by IDAX and possible
countermeasures
6.2.6.2 Test Browser
Test Browser is located at the left hand side of the Results window and it works similarly to Microsoft
Windows Explorer. The main purpose of the Test Browser is to facilitate:
navigation between already performed measurements, Object and Measurement

Templates
organization of new measurements on the existing or new objects
creation and editing Measurement and Object Templates

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6.2.6.2.1 Data Structure

Test Browser is arranged as a tree-like structure consisting of:
Objects
Measurement Sequences
Measurement Plans and data files
Objects
Each object is represented by an object template specified in a file Object.obj. This file contains the
information about the object which is constant such as owner, manufacturer, serial number, etc.
There are several pre-defined Object Templates for power transformers, bushings and cables.
Depending on user's needs these files can also be modified as well as new templates can be created.
When creating new objects it is recommended to select Measurement Templates which can be
associated to those objects.
Measurement Sequence
Measurement Sequence is created in order to make a measurement and therefore at least one Measurement
Template must be associated with the Object.
Measurement structure

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In order to perform a measurement a Measurement Sequence must be available or a new one must
be created. New sequence is created by selecting desired object and press File / New /
Measurement Sequence. This will result in:
A dialog will appear where a test date and an optional name of Measurement
Sequence can be defined
All Measurement Templates associated with the object will be copied to the folder of
new Measurement Sequence (inclusive the object information) as command or C-files (*.icf).
In order to run a measurement, a command file from those under Measurement
Sequence is chosen and start the measurement.
When measurement is started, the command file is replaced by a data file containing
both information from the command file and measurement data. Finished measurement can be
repeated by selecting data file and choosing File / Remake Measurement. This will create a new
command file copy from data file, which is possible to start again. (The name of command file will
remain the same as original data file with additional number at the end, for example xxxxx-2 or yyyy-
3, where number indicates times the measurement has been repeated.
When measurement is finished the next command file in given Measurement
Sequence can be selected and run until the entire Measurement Sequence is done. Unwanted
command files can be deleted or simply left as they are.
6.2.6.2.2 Measurement Templates

Measurement Templates are templates which are recommended to use when performing various
measurements on power and distribution transformers, bushings and cables. The form view of
Measurement Template is pre-specified, however, can be modified to satisfy different requirements.
For information about the commands in the IDAX C file see the Commands and Variable Reference in
the program help file or included pdf manual.
In all Measurement Templates it is provided that user can choose to perform either:
1) frequency sweep down to a specified stop frequency, or
2) measurement only at power frequency (50 or 60 Hz). This last option is not available for XLPE
cable measurements and in limited extent in general measurement plans.
Two winding transformer

Available Measurement Templates are:
2W-CH - measurement of insulation between high voltage winding and ground
2W-CHL - measurement of insulation between high and low voltage windings
2W-CL - measurement of insulation between low voltage winding and ground
Three winding transformer

3W-CH - measurement of insulation between high voltage winding and ground
3W-CHL - measurement of insulation between high and low voltage windings
3W-CHT - measurement of insulation between high voltage and tertiary winding
3W-CLT - measurement of insulation between low voltage and tertiary winding
3W-CL - measurement of insulation between low voltage winding and ground
3W-CT - measurement of insulation between tertiary winding and ground

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Autotransformer without tertiary winding

2WA-CH - measurement of insulation between high/low voltage winding and ground
Autotransformer with tertiary winding

3WA-CH - measurement of insulation between high/low voltage winding and ground
3WA-CHT - measurement of insulation between high/low voltage and tertiary
windings
3WA-CT - measurement of insulation between tertiary winding and ground
Bushings
Available Measurement Templates are (for each phase):
C1, H1 - measurement of bushing H1* main insulation, C1
C1, H2 - measurement of bushing H2 main insulation, C1
C1, H3 - measurement of bushing H3 main insulation, C1
C2, H1 - measurement of bushing H1 insulation between test tap and ground sleeve,
C2
C2
C2
* H1, H2 and H3 are default labels for bushings of different phases.
PILC Cables
PILC Cable, A - measurement of insulation of phase A*
PILC Cable, B - measurement of insulation of phase B
PILC Cable, C - measurement of insulation of phase C
* A, B and C are default labels for different phases of the cable.
XLPE Cables
XLPE Cable, A - measurement of insulation of phase A*
XLPE Cable, B - measurement of insulation of phase B
XLPE Cable, C - measurement of insulation of phase C
* A, B and C are default labels for different phases of the cable.
General measurements
General (PF Data) - generic measurement plan for measuring only at power frequency
(50/60 Hz)
General (Sweep) - generic measurement plan for measuring of frequency sweep
General HV - generic measurement plan for measurements using IDA High Voltage
Unit
Rotating machines

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ABC-GND
A-GND
B-GND
C-GND
C-A
B-C
A-B
Reactor
CH
CT
Ph1, CH
Ph2, CH
Ph3, CH
CT with tap
Ph1, CH-Tap
Ph2, CH-Tap
Ph3, CH-Tap
Ph1, Tap-GND
Ph2, Tap-GND
Ph3, Tap-GND
6.2.6.2.3 Object Templates

Object Templates are templates which are recommended to use when creating new objects.
Available pre-specified templates are:
!!!Quick Test
!!Test Capacitor
!General Specimen
Autotransformer with Tertiary + Bushings
Autotransformer with Tertiary
Autotransformer without Tertiary + Bushings
Autotransformer without Tertiary
Bushings
CT with Tap
CT
PILC (Paper Insulated Lead Covered) Cable
Reactor + Bushings
Reactor
Rotating Machine
Three Winding Transformer + Bushings
Three Winding Transformer

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Two Winding Transformer + Bushings

Two Winding Transformer
XLPE Cable
The form view of Object Template is pre-specified, however, it can be modified to satisfy different
requirements. For information about the commands in the IDAX C file see the Commands and
Variable Reference in the program help file or included pdf manual.
6.3 MODS for IDAX 4.1
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.1.1 Introduction to MODS
General
The name MODS stands for MODelling Software.
Main purpose of this software is to facilitate the evaluation of insulation condition of power
transformers. The attention is focused on the estimation of moisture content in solid insulation
(pressboard) and oil conductivity, i.e. on the parameters reflecting the condition of the power
transformer.
When starting up MODS for the first time after installation you will be asked to enter your name and
serial code.
Use the serial name and number from the paper that came with your system.
6.3.2 MODS user interface

6.3.2.1 The File menu
New Model Curve... Ctrl+N

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Creates a new model curve tab with a user defined name or default name "Model-number".
Open Measurement File... Ctrl+O

Opens an open dialog where a measurement file to be opened is selected. The formats supported are:
*.idf IDAX data files
D*.txt Data files from IDA instruments produced before 1999
*.txt Tab-delimited text files in the form frequency, c' and c" separated by tabs
*.drax Omicron Dirana files
*.csv MODS comma separated values
*.mods XML based file containing both measured curves and modeling data
If the file contains more than one measurement you will be asked which of them to open.
Note: For moisture assessment only CHL should be used (if available).
If you open a file that has a corresponding .mods file you will be asked if you want to load that file
instead. MODS will automatically load curve and modeling data from the .mods file if it is available.
Report...
Opens a Report Generator window where user can select reports created in
1) Microsoft Word (default choice)
Microsoft Word report generator allows user to create report from MODS and manipulate with
templates for report creation. The following functions are available:
Compile report - creates a report from modeling results
Add a template - allows for addition of a new template to the existing list of templates
Delete template - deletes the selected template
Modify template - modifies the selected template using Microsoft Word
New template - creates a new template
Save curves Ctrl+S

Saves all visible curves and the associated models to a .MODS file.

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Export curve...
Export the currently selected measurement curve tab as either a .txt file or a .csv file. The text export
exports rows of three tab delimited values: frequency, e’ and e’’. It is possible to import the exported
txt file back into MODS. The CSV export makes a CSV export that contains the sweep name,
frequency, e', e", tan delta and PF values. If it has an associated model it also exports the model
settings.
There are three ways to format the CSV file

Comma separated, decimal point
Semi colon separated, decimal comma
Tab separated, system decimal
It is not possible to import an exported CSV file.
Export of selected model curve tab is not possible.
Remove Curve
Displays a drop-out menu with all model and measurement curves loaded in MODS. From this menu
a curve can be selected and removed. Alternatively, it is possible to remove a curve by right-click on
the curve tab and select "Close".
Edit values
Displays a dialog where you can remove or edit measurement values.
Exit Alt+F4
Exits MODS.
6.3.2.2 The Configuration menu

Oil Entity
Drop-down menu allows user to select desired representation of oil properties:
conductivity [S/m]
Power Factor [%]
Tan Delta
The value of chosen entity will be shown in corresponding field in Material 2 panel.
Network Frequency
Power Factor and Tan Delta are frequency dependent, therefore the correct Network Frequency
must be chosen.
Available frequencies are:
50 Hz (Europe, Asia, etc)
60 Hz (USA, Canda, etc)
Activation Energy
This dialog is used to change the activation energy for the two insulation materials (default cellulose
(0.9) and oil (0.5)).
Reference temperature

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This is used to set the reference temperature. This is used for the display of Power Factor and Tan
Delta in temperature curve mode.
Configure models
The configure models dialog makes it possible to add, remove and export model files.
At the top the currently installed models are listed with their name and file name.
Export saves a model file to a file.
Remove removed a model. Note: Unless you have exported it it will be lost unless you reinstall
MODS.
Import adds a model file to the list of models used. Note that you will have to restart MODS for the
change to take effect.
Close closes the dialog.
6.3.2.3 The Diagram menu

Axis...
The range of frequency and ordinate axis can be changed if necessary. Default settings are Autoscale
and Log scale for both axis.
Coordinates
Displays position of the cursor in the graph window.
Focus Marker
When the user rich-clicks in the vicinity of a data point the frequency and the value for that point is
displayed.
Values at Power Frequency

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Displays the location of power frequency on frequency axis and a window with Tan Delta or Power
Factor for both model and measurement.
Show Temperature Curves

Use this menu choice to switch between showing tan delta/power factor as a function of frequency
or 50/60 Hz tan delta/power factor as a function of temperature. You can also switch between
temperature and frequency curves by using the "Temp." button.
Temperature dependence is estimated based on a patented method where frequency data is

mathematically converted to temperature data. If "Show values at power frequency" is activated,
this function also performs individual temperature correction (ITC) of 50/60 Hz data from
measurement temperature to 20C reference. Temperature dependence is estimated from the
modeling results and automatching should always be performed prior to temperature conversion.
6.3.2.4 The Automatch menu

X & Y Settings
Limits for amount of barriers (X) and spacers (Y) can be changed. Allowed values for both X and Y are:
minimum - 0%
maximum - 100%
Typical values of X and Y for a core form power transformer are X: 15-35% and Y: 15-25%
but in some designs X can go up to 55%. For Shell form power transformer, who normally
have a more solid insulation structure between windings X and Y is greater, sometimes up to
70-80%.
For general modeling/moisture assessment it is recommended to have set ranges for

geometry matching. The following table gives recommended X & Y parameters for common
apparatus’.
Apparatus X Parameter range Y Parameter range

Core Form Transformer 15-55 10-30
Shell Form Transformer 50-90 10-30
Bushings 20-100 0-5
Measurement CT’s 20-100 0-5
Protection CT’s 20-100 0-5
Oil Conductivity Settings

These settings allows the user to choose between two different fitting algorithms and their
combinations:
Algorithm 1 (R) - employs Simplex method to find selected parameters
Algorithm 2 (K) - employs step-by-step search to find selected parameters

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Auto (Best of R and K) - both algorithms are employed and the results from algorithm
giving best match is displayed
Comparison - both algorithms are employed and the results from both are displayed.
The user can select which results to use.
This setting allows you to set if a limit to oil conductivity should be used and if so to change the used
limits.
This setting allow you to change from using an automatic frequency range to set it manually. If set to
manual you can set the start and stop frequency.
C0 Settings
Geometrical capacitance, C0 settings can be used to enable or disable:
automatic C0 match when a measurement file is loaded
automatic readjustment of C0 when model parameters change
6.3.2.5 The Help menu

About
Displays MODS version number and support contacts
MODS Help
Invokes Help for MODS software.
6.3.2.6 The Graph window

A large portion of the MODS user interface is covered by the graph window, where measurement
and model curves are displayed.

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The horizontal axis is frequency or temperature whereas from the vertical axis the values
permittivity, Power Factor and loss tangent can be read.
A standard pop-up color dialog is used for changing colors of model and measurement curves and it
is invoked by right-clicking on the colored rectangle next to the labels drop down menu.
To switch to temperature curves you can either use the option "Show Temperature Curves" in the
Diagram menu or use the "Temp." button in the lower right.

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6.3.2.7 Zooming
Zoom feature is employed as follows.
Zooming in:
left click in a corner of the area to be magnified
hold down left mouse button
draw a rectangle around the area to be magnified
let go left mouse button
Zooming out:
right mouse click in the graph window restores the graph window
6.3.2.8 Measurement curve tab
6.3.2.8.1 Overview Measurement curve

The measurement curve tab contains the following panels:

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1. Geometrical capacitance panel
2. Power frequency data panel
3. Information button
4. Temp correction panel
6.3.2.8.2 Geometrical capacitance panel

This panel displays the estimated geometrical capacitance of the test object corresponding to the
given model. By default geometrical capacitance is automatically calculated.
Using up and down arrows the geometrical capacitance can be adjusted to other values.

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6.3.2.8.3 Power frequency data

Power frequency data panel:
displays selected parameters at power frequency
The button Show values invokes a window showing selected parameters of the
measurement and the test object at given power frequency.
The button Information brings up a window with the frequencies used for interpolation to obtain
values at power frequency.
6.3.2.8.4 Information
Information window displays the information about test object and measurement settings contained
in the IDAX data file.

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6.3.2.8.5 Temp correction

Due to temperature differences at various measurement occasions, it can be useful to make a
temperature corrections when comparing the measurements. The temperature correction is
performed as follows:
select one of the measurement (clicking on corresponding tab)
click on the Temperature correction button to activate Temperature correction
window (see below)
enter the temperature if different from that in data file
enter activation energy if different from default value of 0,9 eV.
press Done

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When the Temperature correction window is closed, the Temperature correction panel is activated.
In order to change the temperature:
enter the desired value in the text field
use blue up- and down arrows to adjust temperature
Note: This temperature correction is only valid for a single material insulation with a certain
activation energy.
6.3.2.9 Model curve tab
6.3.2.9.1 Overview Model curve

The model curve tab contains the following panels:

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1. Frequency dependent parameters to be

displayed in the graph window:
real and imaginary part of
complex permittivity e*=e'-je''
Power Factor (PF)
dissipation factor (Tand)
2. Automatch button and dropdown menu

for selection of the measurement to match
with.
3. Geometry panel
4. Materials panel
5. Manual coarse and fine adjustment

arrows.
6.3.2.9.2 Geometry panel

The geometry panel describes the amount of pressboard between two measuring electrodes, as for
example, between two windings of a power transformer:
Barriers (X) - represent the total amount of cylindrical barriers in percent
Spacers (Y) - represent the total amount of spacers between barriers in percent

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The check boxes beside geometry parameters are used when geometry is unknown and it is
necessary to find these parameters.
6.3.2.9.3 Material panels

The material panel shows the properties of the materials used for modeling. Material 1 is the solid
insulation and the default material is “Cellulose” that is a high density, mineral oil impregnated,
pressboard. Other materials are available and can be added to software and selected in this panel.
Material 2 is the insulation fluid part and the default material is “Oil” described by a relative
permittivity of 2.2 and an oil conductivity; the permittivity and conductivity can be changed to
represent other insulation fluids. As alternative for Material 2 “Air/vacuum” can be selected, set the
relative permittivity to 1 and conductivity to a very low number (1e-17 i.e. 0.00001 pS).
Pressboard is characterized by:

moisture content in
percent
temperature
Oil is characterized by:

permittivity (constant
value of 2,2)
conductivity (S/m)
Moisture content and oil conductivity are to be estimated. Automatic finding of these
parameters is enabled by checking corresponding check boxes.
6.3.2.9.4 Automatch panel

Automatic estimation of selected parameters (barriers, spacers, moisture content in pressboard and
oil conductivity) is invoked by pressing the Automatch button. Automatch is performed for the
measurement selected in the drop down menu beside Automatch button.
6.3.3 Modelling principles

6.3.3.1 Description of the model
The windings in a power transformer are generally placed concentrically around the magnetic core,
for example, as in picture below.

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Normally the low voltage winding is located closer to the core and high voltage winding encloses the
low voltage winding. In order to ensure required dielectric strength as well as provide sufficient
cooling the windings are kept apart. This is achieved by using a number of cylindrical pressboard
barriers between two windings. The barriers are mechanically separated by a certain amount of
spacers. Oil is allowed to freely flow in ducts between barriers and spacers. A simplified illustration of
two windings is given by a picture bellow.
Low voltage winding
Core
Oil
Pressboard barriers
Pressboard spacers
High voltage winding

For modeling purposes the insulation structure between two windings is represented by the relative
amount of spacers and barriers in the duct. Parameter, X, is defined as the ratio of the sum of all
barriers in the duct, lumped together, and divided by the duct width. The spacer coverage, Y, is
defined as the total width of all the spacers divided by the total length of the periphery of the duct.

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Describing the complex geometry of barriers and spacers/stick between the windings as one simple
capacitance is a simplification of the real conditions. This is one of the reasons why the modeled
geometry may not correspond exactly to the "real" geometry in the transformer. In most cases, best
matching/modelling is achieved by letting the SW automatically calculate the geometry.
The permittivities of oil, ε oil, spacers, ε spacers and barriers, ε barriers are complex functions of both
frequency and temperature resulting in the total or measured frequency response:
ε * (ω, T ) = ε ′(ω , T ) − jε ′′(ω, T )

and
ε ′′(ω , T )
tan δ (ω , T ) =
ε ′(ω , T )
Taking into account the amounts of barriers and spacers, the total response of insulation duct can be
expressed as:
Y 1− Y
ε * (ω , T )duct = +
1− X X 1− X X
*
+ * *
+ *
ε spacers ε barriers ε oil ε barrier s
Oil can be represented by its relative permittivity 2,2 and conductivity, thus its frequency response
can be modelled as follows:
* σ
ε oil = 2, 2 − j
ε 0ω
Frequency response of pressboard is, however, much more complex function, for modelling of which
a number of reference frequency responses are used. The reference responses are obtained from
measurements on pressboard and impregnated paper samples having controlled parameters.

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The influence of temperature must be also taken into account. Temperature changes result in
horizontal shift of the pressboard response, therefore it can be modelled using Arrhenius type
relationship:
where W - activation energy of pressboard 0,9 eV, k - Boltzman constant, ∆T=1/T-1/T20 -

temperature difference (K), ω20- angular frequency at 20°C.
6.3.4 Matching a curve

6.3.4.1 Automatic match of parameters
Loading measurement data
From File menu choose Open measurement file... , locate and load the desired measurement file into
MODS or select a file in IDAX SW and send to MODS. In order to proceed with model fitting, at least
one measurement must be loaded into MODS. Several measurements can be loaded at the same
time, however, the model is fitted to only one of them.
For moisture assessment, the inter-winding capacitance, CHL, should always be used when available.
If CHL is not available, e.g. on an autotransformer, use CHT if available. If there is no tertiary winding
or for any other reason measurements between windings are not possible, select the winding closest
to the core for analysis. Most often this is the low voltage winding and CL should be used for
moisture assessment.
For best accuracy of the modelling it is important to perform the analysis over a sufficient frequency
range. Critical is the lowest frequency measured and this is pending insulation temperature. The
table below gives maximum stop frequency for various measurement temperatures.
DFR frequency range for moisture and temperature dependence analysis

Temperature range, °C Maximum stop frequency, mHz
0-4.9 0.1
5-9.9 0.2
10-19.9 0.5
20-29.9 1
30-44.9 2
45-59.9 5
>60 10
If the data file contains the insulation temperature written in a corresponding field in the data file,
the dialog window asking to confirm this temperature will be displayed. (Note: this feature is
available only when loading IDAX D-files). If no temperature is given you will be asked to enter a
temperature.

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After the measurement file is successfully loaded, the Model tab is active. To activate the
measurement tab, click on it (see pictures below)
Measurement tab Model tab

active active
Initial status of model parameters

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There are three categories, Geometry, Material 1 and Material 2 containing six parameters in Model
tab. Default values and properties of these parameters are as follows:
Parameter Value Property

Barriers (X %) 20 variable
Spacers (Y%) 20 variable
Moisture (%) 1.0 variable
Temp. (°C) 20 *
variable
Permitivity 2.2 *
variable
Conductivity 1.00e-12 variable
* only manual changes
Temperature can be varied only manually, therefore, if the temperature is not read from the
measurement file (i.e. not entered or erroneous) one should ensure that correct temperature value
is entered before proceeding. Since Material 2 is oil, having almost constant permittivity in given
frequency range it is set to 2,2 but can be changed if needed.
Automatch of chosen parameters

The variable parameters can be adjusted in such a fashion that the model governed by them
resembles the measured frequency response as close as possible. To facilitate this process, MODS
can adjust all variable parameters and fit the model to the measurement automatically. For this
purpose one must check either one or more variable parameters, press the Automatch button and
wait for results. Normally the procedure of automatic fit is as follows (see also "Getting Started
(example)"):
1. load measurement file

2. adjust temperature if needed
3. perform automatch of moisture content in pressboard and oil conductivity
During automatic fitting the following message is displayed:
Automatic optimization of the parameters can take from a few seconds up till several tens of seconds
depending how much parameter adjustment is required to fit the model and which algorithms are
employed. When finished the final values of parameters are displayed in their respective boxes.

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6.3.4.2 Manual match of parameters

Automatic match of parameters generally provides feasible results, however, it may be necessary to
investigate if other solutions are possible. In such situations manual matching of parameters can be
performed.
Starting point of manual match is the default values of parameters, which can then be either
increased or decreased. Values can be typed directly into respective fields or using coarse and fine up
and down arrows.
6.3.4.3 Getting Started (example)

Here is an example of possible order for fitting the measurement on a power transformer.
1. Launch MODS.
2. Load the desired file, for example "Dry.idf".
3. Default is that all checkboxes are selected.
4. Adjust temperature, Temp (°C), if not loaded from D-file. In "Dry.idf" the temperature
field is not available, and temperature is set at the default 20C therefore manual
adjustment to 18 degrees Celsius is done.
5. Leave the automatch boxes checked or enter a qualified guess qualified guess for
amount of barriers (X) and spacers (Y). A common estimate for barriers and spacers is
X = 20% and Y=20%.
6. Check the moisture content and oil conductivity checkboxes to enable automatch of
these parameters.
7. Selecting desired automatch algorithm or combination in Oil Conductivity Settings....
8. Press Automatch button.
9. Analyse the results. Obtained results show a match where measured and modeled
responses are very well matched. Moisture content is 1% by weight and oil
conductivity is 1.7 pS/m.

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10. Create a report (optional).
6.3.4.4 Creating a report

After modeling using automatic or manual procedure is finished, the results can be presented in a
summary report. The report function is invoked by selecting Report... from the File menu.
The report dialog shown below allows user to create a report by pressing Compile report. A report is
created using a selected template from the Report template list. This list can be changed by adding
new (Add template), deleting (Delete template) and creating new templates (New template). In
addition a selected template can be modified (Modify template) according to user needs. The
modification is done using MS Word as text editor. Note that the curve used in the report is the same
as is displayed in MODS so if you want a report with temperature curves just switch to temperature
mode before compiling the report.

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Note that you must have MS Word installed to be able to generate a report.
7 Calibration
It is recommended to calibrate the IDAX at least once a year. There are two options regarding
calibration of IDAX:
The IDAX unit can be sent to Megger for calibration

Calibration can be performed by the customer using the optional Calibration Set
The second option means that the IDAX instrument is available since it does not need to be sent
away for calibration. The calibration procedure is easy to perform using the optional Calibration Set,
which consists of:
Calibration Box CAL 300
Calibration Software

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Cables and connectors

User Manual
The only thing that needs to be sent away is the Calibration Box and calibration of the Calibration Box
can be performed by any local accredited laboratory or testing facility handling test instruments.

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8 Appendix
8.1 Appendix A – IDAX 4.1 error messages
System messages
No Message Explanation
101 Filename missing File name not specified. Specify a file name.
103 Not string A string variable is expected.
104 Could not open file: Wrong file name, file is missing or path is incorrect.
105 Could not open or create Problem accessing Windows Registry.
key
106 Key could not be deleted Problem accessing Windows Registry.
107 Redeclaration of variable A variable is declared two or more times in the C–file.
108 Error writing to file The log file from a Calibration or a Self test could not be
created.
109 Incorrect data type The Data type specified does not exist or measurement
template not marked.
112 Cannot start measurement Displayed when IDAX is not properly set up in order to
perform a measurement.
113 Error reading Windows Problem accessing Windows Registry.
registry
Errors associated with C-file

201 Not a complex number Variable is expected to be complex number in "X+Yi"
format.
202 Illegal assignment Wrong type has been assigned to variable.
203 Unknown directive Incorrect command. Most likely a typing error.
204 No "Data type" specified Type must be specified before data field. Example: $
Type = 'R'
205 No "Category" specified Category must be specified before data field. Example $
Cat = 'C'
206 Incorrect "Category" Wrong variable in category (Cat) has been used.
208 Error on line Indicates the number of line in C-file, where error was
detected.
209 "VoltageSource" incorrect "VoltageSource" has to be of a defined type. Most likely
a typing error.
210 Boolean is expected for Check boxes can have only Boolean values.
check box ("CB")
211 Not an integer Parameter values must be of the same type as in the
parameter declaration.
212 Not a real Parameter values must be of the same type as in the
213 Not a Boolean Parameter values must be of the same type as in the
214 Unknown "Data type" "Data type" must be of a defined type. Most likely a

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typing error.
216 Wrong number of arguments Too few or too many arguments in a variable.
217 Syntax error Undefined error in the syntax. Usually accompanied by
additional information.
218 To few radio buttons in There must be at least two buttons in a radio group
group ("RB")
219 Not a radio buttons item The function is assigned to a value that does not match
("RB") any radio button. Most likely a typing error.
220 Not an array of integers Parameter values have to be of the same type as in the
221 Invalid bitmap "Image" Image is not a *.bmp file or the file is corrupted.
222 Variable not declared All new variables must be declared with a "New"
function.
223 "AmplitudeScale" not "AmplitudeScale" must be assigned. See User's Manual
assigned for options.
224 "VoltageSource" not "VoltageSource" must be assigned. See User's Manual
225 "FileType" not assigned "FileType" must be assigned. See User's Manual for
options.
226 "SpecVersion" not assigned "SpecVersion" must be assigned. See User's Manual for
options
227 "DraftSpecVersion" not "DraftSpecVersion" must be assigned. See User's Manual
228 "Configuration" not "Configuration" must be assigned if using a Termination
assigned Box with relays. See User's Manual for options.
229 Value not assigned If cat 'P' is assigned, the field can not be left blank.
Errors related to IDAX system and measurement settings

301 Wrong argument in Wrong number/type of argument. See User's Manual
"LinSweep" function Appendix A.6 for options
302 Wrong argument in Wrong number/type of argument. See's Manual
"LogSweep" function Appendix A.6 for options.
303 Settings could not be User settings could not be saved.
saved
306 No DSP device name The name of the DSP instrument is not valid, contact a
service supplier.
307 Could not open DSP The DSP instrument did not connect properly.
308 No geometric capacitance
309 Error initializing DSP. The DSP instrument did not connect properly.
DSP not present or
inactive.
311 Neither the file LastC.icf The C-file is not found in the system. Probably problem
nor specified file could with reading/writing to disc or Windows registry.
be found
312 Unknown "C-File" command The specified command does not exist. Most likely a
typing error.

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313 Wrong number of arguments Too few or too many arguments in a command.
314 No "Amplitude" "Amplitude" must be assigned. See User's Manual
Appendix A.5 for options.
315 No "Frequency" "Frequency" must be assigned. See User's Manual
Appendix A.5 for options.
319 No measurement to comment Comments are possible during a measurement or
directly after the measurement.
320 No current measurement No measurement which has been started.
321 DSP variables wrong The DSP-variables (e.g. MinTime, MinCycles, etc.) are
wrong.
322 DSP code not found No or wrong DSP code found in the system.
323 Index does not exist Problems accessing Windows Registry.
in NT registry
324 Could not interpolate Could not interpolate transfer functions.
calibration data
325 No voltage source selected A voltage source must be selected before measuring.
327 Could not get info from Problems with the connection to the DSP instrument.
DSP
329 "MeasurementPerPoints" One measurement at each frequency must be
must be greater than zero. performed.
330 DSP reset failed Problems with the connection to the DSP instrument
331 "Else" without "if" Syntax error in C-file.
332 "End" without "if" Syntax error in C-file.
333 Only variables or Only variables or constants are allowed in an if–else
constants are allowed statement.
334 Types does not match Wrong type of data (e.g. string assigned to an integer).
339 Error updating "D-File" Measured data was not properly added to the D-file.
340 Invalid voltage The desired voltage is out of the specified limits.
Possible typing error in the C-file.
341 Invalid current The applied settings results in a current that is too high.
342 Invalid frequency The desired frequency is out of the specified limits.
Possible typing error in the C-file.
343 Cable parameter not found: The specified parameter was not found in the sample
cable.
344 Cable parameters not found No cable data was found.
345 "Temination box" parameter The specified parameter was not found in the
not found: "Termination Box".
346 "Termination box" No "Termination Box" data were found.
parameters not found
347 Output voltage is not The applied voltage differs from the desired.
within specified levels.
351 "InitMeasureZ" settings: Not possible to perform InitMeasureZ measurement.
This message is followed by one of 340-342.
352 No "Amplifier type" High Voltage amplifier not selected.
selected
356 Electrometer Overload Overload in Electrometer instrument during a
measurement.Measurement point is probably
inaccurate. Message also written in point property.

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357 Error reading backplane Problem accessing instrument backplane.
serial
358 Cannot find the Name Syntax error in Calibration or Self test files.
option in file
359 Cannot find the Connection Syntax error in Calibration or Selftest files.
option in file
360 Error in file ... at line Syntax error in Calibration or Selftest files.
...
361 Overvoltage An overvoltage occurred.
364 Measured capacitances Disagreement between values of capacitance measured
don't match for different configurations
365 Specimen capacitance below Measured capacitance below specified limit.
limit.
366 Specimen capacitance above Measured capacitance above specified limit.
limit.
367 Measured DC Measured DC current exceeds limits set by
current>MaxDCCurrent MaxDCCurrent variable.
368 Measured hum Measured interference (hum) current exceeds limits set
current>MaxHumCurrent by MaxHumCurrent variable.
Errors associated with D-file

400 No sweep Error in D-file syntax.
401 No points in sweep Error in D-file syntax.
403 Wrong model Error in D-file syntax.
404 Wrong parameter Error in D-file syntax.
405 Printer error: Displays error from printer routines.
406 Illegal value for x-min Illegal settings for axis values.
407 Illegal value for y-min Illegal settings for axis values.
408 Error: y-max is less than Illegal settings for axis values.
y-min
409 Error: x-max is less than Illegal settings for axis values.
x-min
410 Error: Table not exported The D-file table was not exported properly.
411 No information to show The information dialog could not display the
information.
412 Cannot read from A:\ Results cannot read from floppy disk. Possibly damaged
(floppy) floppy.
413 Cannot read from drive Results cannot read from specified drive.
8.1.1 (112) Cannot start measurement

When getting the 112 cannot start measurement error it is most probably because you cannot run a
measurement that is finished (green, contains data) it must be red, right click over measurement and
choose remake measurement and you will get a copy of the measurement.

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Example of red and green/finished and ready to measure, here the finished is chosen:
8.1.2 (347) Output voltage is not within specified limits

Measured output voltage is outside specified limits.
Possible reasons and countermeasures
1) Voltage electrode, Generator, is grounded:

check measurement set-up and disconnect ground
change measurement configuration if terminal of test object cannot be disconnected
from ground
2) Voltage electrode, Generator, is connected to measuring electrode, Input or Ground:

check measurement set-up and disconnect measuring or guard electrodes from the
voltage electrode. Voltage electrode, Generator, must not be connected to either measuring or
guard electrode
3) High stray capacitances to ground or high capacitance of the test object:

Lower the highest frequency used in measurement plan (see also Measurement
variables)
Lower the InitFrequency in the measurement plan (see also Measurement variables)
Lower the test voltage
4) If you try to use an old version of IDAX SW, version 3.2 or earlier but the firmware in IDAX is for
IDAX SW 4.0 or newer, the IDAX SW do not understand the incapability and it usually result in error
347. Please check IDAX SW and if version 3.2 or earlier. Please upgrade to 4.0 or newer (this new SW
will automatically upgrade firmware if necessary).
8.1.3 (361) Overvoltage

Measurement aborted due to overvoltage detected on measuring electrode, Lo. Potential difference
between signal ground and real ground exceeds limiting value.
1) Ground electrode is not connected to true ground:

connect Ground electrode to true station/substation ground
2) Transients caused by accidentally disconnected ground connection:

check ground connection

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8.1.4 (364) Measured capacitances don't match

Values of capacitance measured for different configurations, the UST, GST-Guard and GST-Ground
are in disagreement.
Possible reasons and countermeasures:
1) When performing UST measurement, measuring electrode, Lo, is connected together with Ground
electrode or Lo is connected to ground:
check measurement set-up and make sure that measuring electrode, Lo, is connected
to a non-grounded terminal of the test object and that Ground electrode is connected to ground
8.1.5 (365) Specimen capacitance below limit

Measured capacitance below limit specified in C-file by MinSpecimenC.
1) Measured capacitance higher than 10 pF.

Specimen size is very small which results in low value of capacitance:
change limit set by MinSpecimenC to an approximately 10% lower value than
measured capacitance
select another measurement configuration if possible

2) Measured capacitance lower than 10 pF.
Most likely no contact with specimen:
check connections with specimen for loose contacts
check measurement cables for damage
For more information of actual measured capacitance, please see Message Window.
8.1.6 (366) Specimen capacitance above limit

Measured capacitance above limit specified in test plan by MaxSpecimenC.
Large size of test object results in high values of capacitance:

change limit set by MaxSpecimenC to an approximately 10% higher value than
measured capacitance
select another measurement configuration if possible
decrease in test voltage allows for measuring at higher frequencies
8.1.7 (367) Measured DC current > MaxDCCurrent

Measured DC current exceeds the limits set in test plan by MaxDCCurrent.

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The far most common reason is too low resistance between measurement electrode and guard, e.g.
measuring a UST configuration between high and low voltage windings of a two winding transformer,
the low voltage winding has too low impedance to ground (inductive voltage transformer connected,
internal damage of transformer, neutral connected to ground via a Peterson coil. For a GST
measurement, same applies to guard electrode, i.e. a too low resistance Guard electrode to ground
may introduce DC currents
Make sure that floating electron has high resistance to ground, if not possible use
another set-up (e.g. measure to ground without use of guard)
It is possible increase limit level for DC current in Measurement Template, but only
when difference is very small and all other possibilities excluded
8.1.8 (368) Measured hum current > MaxHumCurrent

Measured interference or hum current exceeds the limits set in test plan by MaxHumCurrent.
1) Level of interferences is very high:

Try to reduce the interference level by
Disconnect still connected bush-bars that pick-up interference
Select another set-up, e.g. a CHG+CHL is much less influenced by interference
compared to CHG
As last option, it is possible increase the limit for hum current in the Measurement
Template
8.2 Appendix B - Measurement technique

Short overview of measurement principle is given in this section.
How impedance is measured Gives basic principle of IDAX operation

Sample modeling Describes theoretical models used for presenting measurement
results
8.2.1 How Impedance is Measured

IDAX measures impedance. By measuring the impedance at one point, i,e, at a specific frequency and
amplitude, parameters such as tan delta/power factor, capacitance and resistance can be calculated.
The impedance of a sample is measured by applying a voltage across the sample. This voltage will
generate a current through the sample. By accurately measuring the voltage and the current, the
impedance can be calculated, see illustration below.

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Computer with Sample

DSP-board
Voltage source U Z
Control voltage
I
Voltmeter Electrometer
Measured voltage
V A
Measured current
Fig.1. Measurement of electrical impedance.
The impedance is calculated using Ohm's law:
where Z, U and I are complex entities.
The voltage (and the current) is generated by a voltage source. There are currently two internal
voltage sources available in the IDAX system, which can deliver a maximum peak output of 10 Vpeak
and 200 Vpeak, respectively. The voltage is measured by means of a voltmeter and the current is
measured by an ammeter or electrometer which acts as a current-to-voltage converter. The
analogue signals (voltages) are then converted to digital samples of the signals that are used in
subsequent calculations.
8.2.2 Sample Modelling

The impedance, Z, can be presented directly or by using different impedance models. Two ways of
presenting Z directly are the polar and the rectangular, as follows:
Polar:
Z = Abs{Z } ϕ = Arg {Z }
Rectangular:
Z Re = Re{Z } Z Im = Im{Z }
Two simple models which are usually used in circuit analysis, although more seldom in insulation
analysis, are capacitance, C, and resistance, R. The equivalent RC circuit models available are series
and parallel models (see Fig.1) calculated as follows:

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a) b)
Fig.1. Equivalent circuit models: a) series RC circuit, b) parallel RC circuit.
Parallel:
RP
Z=
1 + j ωRP C P
 1 
CP = Re  
 jω Z 
1
RP =
1 
Re  
Z 
Series:
1
Z = RS +
j ωC S
1
CS = −
ω Im{Z }
RS = Re {Z }
where ω = 2πf and f is frequency.
Another model, more often used in insulation diagnostics, is the complex capacitance model
describing the insulation impedance as a complex capacitance, where the imaginary part of the
capacitance represents the losses. The complex capacitance model is defined as follows:
1
Z=
j ωC C = C ′ − jC ′′
where
Complex C:
 1 
C′ = Re  
 j ω Z 

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∆C ′ = C ′ + k
 1 
C ′′ = − Im  
 j ω Z 
The ∆C' is defined as the capacitance, C', with an arbitrary constant k (usually negative) added. The
aim of this parameter is to make it possible to distinguish between small changes in capacitance in
graphical presentation.
A model, very often used in insulation diagnostics, is a description of the insulation impedance as a
capacitance combined with a dissipation factor, tanδ, or a power factor (PF or cosϕ). The
capacitance, tanδ and cosϕ/PF are defined as follows:
C, PF, Tan-Delta:
 1 
C′ = Re  
 j ωZ 
Re {Z }
PF = cos ϕ =
Z
Re {Z }
tan δ = −
Im{Z }
If tanδ and cosϕ (PF) are small, then tanδ » cosϕ = PF (E.g. tanδ=0.1 corresponds to PF=0.0995)
Insulation diagnostics is based on material characterization and therefore material models are often
used. To be able to define material parameters from measured impedance Z the geometry of the
sample, described in terms of the geometrical capacitance C0, has to be defined. In the illustration
below, a vacuum (or air-filled) capacitor of defined geometry is shown. Since no "material" is between
the electrodes, the capacitance of a) is the geometrical capacitance.
U C0 U ε’& ε’’ C U ε’& σ,ρ C
a) I b) I c) I
Material parameter models based on a geometrical capacitance C0 and material parameters.

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In the above illustration b) and c) a material is inserted between the electrodes and it will influence
the current, I, flowing in the circuit. The influence of the material can be described by different
parameters using either a dielectric model or a conductive model. In the dielectric model the
"material capacitance", the permittivity, is a complex function describing both the capacitance and
the loss. Whereas in the conductive model the capacitance is described by a permittivity and the loss
by a conductivity (or resistivity). The dielectric and resistive models are derived as follows:
1
Z=
j ωC
C = C0 (ε ′ − jε ′′)
Dielectric:
 1 
ε ′ = Re  
 j ωC Z
0 
∆ε ′ = ε ′ + k
 1 
ε ′′ = − Im  
 j ωC0Z 
Resistive:
 1 
ε ′ = Re  
 j ωC0 Z 
C0
ρ=
1
ε 0 Re  
Z 
1
σ=
ρ
If geometrical capacitance, C0, is unknown it can be set by the user by entering a permittivity
(dielectric constant), ε', for the material. Entering a permittivity, ε', will let the system calculate an
approximate C0 making use of the material models available. Yet, one must be aware that the
accuracy of the absolute values are limited by the accuracy of the entered permittivity. If the
geometrical capacitance is unknown and an approximate permittivity is given, the geometrical
capacitance is calculated as follows:

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C′ 1  1 
C0 = = ⋅ Re  
εr εr  jωZ 
The impedance value, Z, used in the calculation is the first measurement point in the actual
measurement.
8.3 Appendix C - Specifications

The Insulation Diagnostic System IDAX measures the insulation impedance, at different frequencies,
for insulation materials present in high and medium voltage transmission and distribution networks.
The measurement results are used for insulation diagnosis.
8.3.1 IDAX 300 Specifications

General
The Insulation Diagnostic System IDAX 300 measures the insulation impedance, at different
frequencies, for insulation materials present in high and medium voltage transmission and
distribution networks. The measurement results are used for insulation diagnosis.
The IDAX 300 uses voltages up to 200 Vpeak (~140 V RMS). The voltage range can be increased by
adding an external high voltage unit (the high voltage unit is specified separately). The IDAX-300 is
operated using an external laptop/PC.
The IDAX 300 uses a three electrode set-up, which allows for measurements of non-grounded as well
as grounded objects with and without guard.
The IDAX 300 system applies sinusoidal shaped voltages at different frequencies across the test
object and simultaneously measures the current through it. The output voltage is either taken from a
10 Vpeak arbitrary waveform generator, from a 200 Vpeak arbitrary waveform generator or from a 2 -
30 kV peak external amplifier.

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Output
Voltage/current range, 10V: 0 - 10 Vpeak, 0 - 50 mApeak
Voltage/current range, 200V: 0 - 200 Vpeak, 0 - 50 mApeak
Frequency range: 0.1 mHz - 10 kHz
Measurements
Inputs: Channel 1, channel 2, ground
Capacitance Range: 10 pF - 100 uF
Accuracy: 1 mHz < f < 1 kHz, C > 1 nF 0.5 % + 1 pF
f < 1 mHz, C < 1 nF 2% + 5 pF
f > 1 kHz, C > 1 nF 2% + 10 pF
Dissipation Factor Range: 0 - 10 (with retained accuracy of capacitance;
otherwise higher)
Accuracy: >1% +0.0003, 1 mHz - 100 Hz, C > 1 nF
>2% +0.0005, 100 Hz - 1 kHz, C > 1 nF
Noise Level: 1 mA or max 1:20 SNR
Test Modes, 2 Channels: UST-1, UST-2, UST-1+2, GST, GST-Guard-1, GST-Guard-
2, GST-Guard-1+2
With 2-ch measurement option additionally UST-
1+UST-2, UST-1+GST-Guard-2, UST-2+GST-Guard-1,
UST-1+2+GST
Calibration: Calibration box allows field calibration, recommended
interval 2 years
General
Mains Input (nominal): 100-240 V AC +/-10%, 47 to 63 Hz
Power Consumption (max): 60 VA, 80 VA (IDAX 350)
Communication Ports: USB 2.0 and Ethernet
Physical
Instrument Weight: 4.9 kg/11 lbs
Case and Instrument Weight: 9.9 kg/22 lbs
Accessories Weight: 8.5 kg/18 lbs (soft bag)
Dimensions: 335 x 300 x 99 mm
17.7 x 6.3 x 16.1 in
Dimensions with Case: 520 x 430 x 220 mm
20.5 x 17 x 8.7 in.
Environmental
Operating Ambient Temp: -20°C to +55°C /-4°F to +131°F
Storage Ambient Temp: -40°C to 70°C / -40°F to +158°F
Humidity: 20% - 95% RH, non-condensing
CE Standards: IEC61010 (LVD) EN61326 (EMC)
PC Requirements
Operating System: Windows XP / Vista / 7
CPU/RAM: Pentium 500 MHz/512 Mb or better

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Interface: USB 2.0

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8.3.2 IDAX 350 Specifications

General
The Insulation Diagnostic System IDAX 350 has the same specifications as the IDAX 300 but is fitted
with an on-board computer.
Physical
Instrument Weight: 13.4 kg
Dimensions: 520 x 430 x 220 mm
20.5 x 17 x 8.7 in.
PC
Screen: 12" touch screen, 1600 nits backlight
CPU: Intel Atom 1.8 GHz
Storage: 4 GB flash
Operating system: Windows Embedded Standard 7
8.4 Appendix D - Optional accessories

VAX020 VAX230

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Part nr. AF-59070 Part nr. AF-29070

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CAL 300 IDB 300
VAX214

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9 Index
347, 141 Dissipation factor, 144
361, 141 Edit, 89, 90, 91, 92
365, 142 Edit\:Change Sweep Color, 89, 91
366, 142 Edit\:Copy, 89, 90
367, 142 Edit\:Copy All, 89, 90
368, 143 Edit\:Cut, 89, 90
50/60 Hz Data Tab, 54 Edit\:Mark Sweep, 89, 91
About, 61 Edit\:Paste, 89, 90
Automatch panel, 127 Edit\:Read Only, 89, 92
Autoscale, 103 Edit\:Select All, 89, 91
Axis, 102, 103, 104, 105 Edit\:Toggle Sweep, 89, 91
Axis\:Autoscale, 103 Edit\:Undo, 89, 90
Axis\:Grid, 103 Edit\:Unmark Sweep, 89, 91
Axis\:Label, 104 Equivalent Circuit, 144
Axis\:Scale, 104 Equivalent Circuit\:Paralell, 144
Axis\:Settings, 102 Equivalent Circuit\:Series, 144
Axis\:Title, 105 Error Messages, 137
Axis\:Unit, 105 Export, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83
Calibration, 135 Export\:Data, 79
Calibration\:Calibration Procedure, 135 Export\:Measurement Templates, 82
Calibration\:EM0 Calibration, 135 Export\:Object Templates, 83
Calibration\:Full Calibration, 135 Export\:TXT format, 79
Capacitance, 144 Export\:With or without header, 80
Capacitance\:Geometrical, 144 Export\:WMF format, 79
Color, 119 File, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 84, 85, 87, 89
Conductivity, 144 File\:Add Templates, 68
Configuration, 100, 102, 106, 107 File\:Add/Remove Templates, 63
Configuration\:Graph, 100, 102 File\:Close Measurement, 63, 69
Configuration\:Information, 100 File\:Delete File/Folder, 63, 89
Configuration\:Models, 100, 107 File\:Exit, 63, 89
Configuration\:Power Data, 106 File\:Export, 63
Configuration\:Power Frequency Data, 100 File\:Import, 63
Configuration\:Send to..., 100 File\:Load D-file, 63, 70
Configuration\:Table, 100, 106 File\:New, 63, 64
Current, 148 File\:New Measurement Sequence, 67
Current\:Range, 148 File\:New Measurement Template, 66
Diagram, 92, 93 File\:New Object, 64
Diagram\:Zoom In, 92 File\:New Object Template, 66
Diagram\:Zoom Out, 92, 93 File\:Open Measurement, 63, 69
Directives, 148 File\:Print, 63, 84
Directives\:Emmision, 148 File\:Remake Measurement, 63, 69
Directives\:Immunity, 148 File\:Remove Templates, 68
Directives\:LVD, 148 File\:Rename File/Folder, 63, 89
Directives\:Mechanics, 148 File\:Report, 63, 85

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File\:Save, 63, 70 Linear scale, 104

File\:Save As..., 63, 70 Log, 104
File\:Send To..., 63, 87 Logarithmic scale, 104
Frequency, 148 Match, 130, 133
Frequency\:Range, 148 Match\:Automatic, 130
Geometrical capacitance, 122 Match\:Manual, 133
Geometry panel, 126 Material panels, 127
Getting started, 133 MaxDCCurrent, 142
Getting Started, 53 MaxHumCurrent, 143
Getting Started\:Data File, 53 MaxSpecimenC, 142
Getting Started\:Performing Measurement, 53 Measurement curve, 121, 122, 123, 124
Graph, 102, 106, 119 Measurement curve\:Geometrical
Graph Tab, 54 capacitance, 122
Graph\:Axis, 102 Measurement curve\:Information, 123
Graph\:Background, 106 Measurement curve\:Power frequency data,
Graph\:Display Title, 102 123
Grid, 103 Measurement curve\:Temperature correction,
Header, 80 124
Help, 109 Measurement Templates, 111
Help\:Contents, 109 Menu, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119
Help\:Results Help, 109 Menu\:About, 119
Help\:What's this?, 109 Menu\:Automatch, 118
IDAX-206 System Control, 58 Menu\:Axis..., 117
IDAX-206 System Control\:Comments, 58 Menu\:C0 Settings, 118
IDAX-206 System Control\:Message Window, Menu\:Configuration, 116
58 Menu\:Coordinates, 117
IDAX-206 System Control\:Oscilloscope, 58 Menu\:Diagram, 117
IDAX-206 System Control\:Selftest, 58 Menu\:Exit, 114
Impedance, 143, 144 Menu\:File, 114
Impedance Models, 109 Menu\:Focus Maker, 117
Impedance\:Measurement, 143 Menu\:Help, 119
Impedance\:Models, 144 Menu\:MODS Help, 119
Import, 72, 76, 77 Menu\:Network Frequency, 116
Import\:File to Structure, 72 Menu\:New Model Curve, 114
Import\:IDA Zip File, 72 Menu\:Oil Conductivity Settings, 118
Import\:Measurement Templates, 76 Menu\:Oil Entity, 116
Import\:Object Templates, 77 Menu\:Open Measurement File, 114
Information, 123 Menu\:Remove Curve, 114
Instrument Panel, 11 Menu\:Report..., 114
Instrument Panel\:Front, 11 Menu\:Values at Power Frequency, 117
Instrument Panel\:Interface, 11 Menu\:X & Y Settings, 118
Instrument Panel\:Output, 11 Messages, 58
Introduction, 114 Messages\:Error messages, 58
Label, 104 Messages\:Message window, 58
Language, 59 MinSpecimenC, 142
Language\:Change Language, 59 Model, 127
Lin, 104 Model curve, 125, 126, 127

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Model curve\:Automatch panel, 127 Results\:User Interface, 61

Model curve\:Geometry panel, 126 Results\:View Menu, 93
Model curve\:Material panels, 127 Scale, 104
Models, 56, 107 Scientific, 104
New, 64, 66, 67 Settings for Graph, 102
New\:Measurement Sequence, 67 Specifications, 148
New\:Measurement Template, 66 Table Tab, 54
New\:Object, 64 Temperature, 148
New\:Object Template, 66 Temperature correction, 124
Object Templates, 113 Temperature\:Operating, 148
Oscilloscope, 59 Temperature\:Storage, 148
Oscilloscope\:Chanell checkboxes, 59 Test Browser, 109, 110, 111, 113
Oscilloscope\:Grid, 59 Test Browser\:Data Structure, 110
Oscilloscope\:Horizontal control, 59 Test Browser\:Measurement Templates, 111
Oscilloscope\:Roll, 59 Test Browser\:Object Templates, 113
Oscilloscope\:Vertical control, 59 Unit, 105
Output voltage, 141 Version, 61
Overvoltage, 141 View, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100
Permittivity, 144 View\:10 kV Equivalents, 99
Power factor, 144 View\:50 Hz data, 99
Power frequency data, 123 View\:50/60 Hz Data, 93
Prefix, 104 View\:60 Hz data, 99
Presenting Results, 54 View\:Browse Measurement Templates, 93
Presenting Results\:Getting Started, 54 View\:Browse Object Templates, 93, 94
Presenting Results\:On screen, 54 View\:Browse Object Tree, 93
Report, 85, 134 View\:Browser, 93, 94
Report\:MSD Word Report, 85 View\:Graph, 93, 97
Results, 61, 62, 63, 89, 92, 93, 100, 109 View\:Information, 93, 94
Results\:Configuration Menu, 100 View\:Show Measurement Templates, 93, 100
Results\:Diagram Menu, 92 View\:Table, 93, 98
Results\:Edit Menu, 89 View\:Text View, 93, 100
Results\:File Menu, 63 Voltage, 148
Results\:Help, 109 Voltage\:Range, 148
Results\:Menus and Commands, 62 Zooming, 121
Results\:Test Browser, 109

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IDAX 300/350 and IDAX 5.

© 2013 Megger Sweden AB

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

IDAX User manual

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

5 IDAX 5.0 User Guide ....................................................................................................................... 23

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

8.4 Appendix D - Optional accessories ....................................................................................... 151

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1.2 Instrument symbols

Caution, risk of danger, refer to User's Manual or Help in instrument software.

Earth (ground) terminal.

1.3 Warning and Caution Notices

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

1.4 General safety instructions

1.4.1 General safety measures for high voltage equipment

1.4.2 Training and local regulations

1.4.4 User manual

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

1.5 Instrument safety

1.5.1 General instrument safety

1.5.2 Mains and grounding

1.5.3 Test connections

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Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

Temperature and altitude range

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Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

2.2 Service and support

2.2.1 Contact information

Address Megger Sweden AB

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

2.2.2 Checklist before calling/emailing for support

When reporting an error please include

2.2.4 Data backup

2.3 Receiving Instructions

2.5 Warranty repair

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

• Please indicate all pertinent information, including problem symptoms.

More technical and safety details are given in sections:

3.1 IDAX 300

3.1.1 Front Panel

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Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

Megger Sweden AB Phone: +46 8 510 195 00

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3.1.2 Back panel

3.1.3 Operating position

3.1.4 Standard Accessories

Optional accessories see Appendix D.

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Rev PA7: 2013-05-13

IDAX 300 Transport case

Megger - IDAX 300,350 User's Manual

Megger - IDAX 300,350 User's Manual