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General instructions:
o Please check that this question paper contains 7 printed pages
o Please check that this question paper contains 65 questions
o The question paper is divided into three sections
o All questions in all three sections are compulsory
o All parts of a question should be answered at one place
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
6. If the population of India is 1.05 Billion people and annual electricity consumption is
660 Million MWh, how much is the annual per capita consumption in kWh?
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
a) LF = LS and ES = EF b) only EF = LF
c) ES = LS and EF = LF d) only ES = LS
38. Which one is not a time estimate in a PERT chart?
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
42. In an industry the average electricity consumption is 2.3 lakh kWh for the period. The
average production is 20,000 tons with a specific electricity consumption of 10
kWh/ton for the same period. The fixed electricity consumption for the plant is
a) Rs. 0.76 b) Rs. 1.18 c) Rs. 1.31 d) question does not make sense
44. Non contact speed measurements can be carried out by
a) 0 b) 24 c) 32 d) -8
46. Which gas has the least impact on global warming?
a) 18.7 b) 270 c) 21 d) 1
50. Which country has not signed the Kyoto Protocol
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
Solar radiation from the sun strikes the earth and earth absorbs the heat.
The absorbed heat is emitted in the form of longwave radiation back to the
atmosphere.
Some of this radiation is absorbed and remitted by green house gas molecules.
The direct effect is the warming of the earth’s surface and the troposphere.
Rise in sea level due to melting of polar ice caps causing floods in low lying
areas.
Loss of biodiversity
S-2 The quantity of heat supplied to a piece of steel to increase its temperature
depends on which factors and properties of steel?
Q = m x cp x dt
Mass , specific heat and temperature difference (initial temperature and final
temperature)
S-3 State any five components of the electricity bill charged to the industrial
consumers by a electric supply company.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
S-4 In a steam heat exchanger, furnace oil at 40 kg/ hr. enters at 30 oC and leaves at
90oC. Specific heat of furnace oil is 0.22 kcal/ kgoC. If the latent heat of steam is
540 kcal/ kg, find out the amount of steam required to heat the oil.
528 Kcal/hr
= 0.977 kg/hr
S-5 CO2 found in the stack gas of a cement kiln comes from two sources. Explain in
words from which two sources and state the two equations of CO2 generation.
Sources of CO2
C + O2 ------------------- CO2
Energy Audit is the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including
submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy
efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy
consumption
S-7 State the equation how to calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of an investment
and identify the parameters in the equation.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
S-8 How does a traditional contract differ from guaranteed savings performance
contract and shared savings performance contract?
Shared Savings Performance Contract: The contractor provides the financing and
is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings as they are achieved. This payment is
used to pay down the debt costs of equipment and/or services.
The Sankey diagram is very useful tool to represent an entire input and output
energy flow in any energy equipment or system such as boiler, fired heaters,
furnaces etc.
This diagram represents various outputs and losses, which will help to focus on
improvements in a prioritized manner
S-10 A thermal power plant uses 0.77 kg of coal to generate one kWh of electricity. If
the coal contains 52% carbon by weight, calculate the amount of CO 2 emissions/
kWh under complete combustion conditions.
C + O2 ------------------- CO2
12 32 44
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
L-1 What do you understand by energy security? Mention a few strategies to ensure
energy security.
The basic aim of energy security for a nation is to reduce its dependence on the
imported energy sources for its economic growth.
L-2 Assume that the annual per capita electricity consumption of India is 606 kWh and
the population is 1.078 Billion people.
(i) If the installed power capacity is 118,419 MW, calculate the average plant load
factor of the power mix at 606 kWh per capita consumption.
(ii) Calculate annual per capita consumption 30 years later if electricity consumption in
India goes up by 6% each year, and population growth is 1.2% annually.
(iii) How many years will it take to reach the per capita consumption of the USA at
13,500 kWh under a business as usual scenario as in (ii)?
(i) 118,419 x 1000 kW x 24 hrs x 365 days x PLF = 606 x 1.078 x 109
PLF = 0.629 = 63 %
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
L-3 100 numbers of fused 60 Watt incandescent light bulbs (ILB) are replaced by
same numbers of 12 Watt CFL instead of new ILB. Calculate the following for
4000 hours of operation per year.
(i) The annual “kWh saved”
(ii) The annual “kVAh saved” if the power factor of the CFL is 0.6.
(iii) The annual reduction in electricity costs if Rs. 4 per kWh is the energy charge and
Rs. 250 per kVA per month is the demand charge.
(iv) The simple payback period if the ILB costs Rs. 10 and the CFL costs Rs. 100
(assume life of ILB and CFL as 1000 hours and 4000 hours respectively).
(ii) The annual kVAh saved if the power factor of the CFL is 0.6.
(iv) Incremental investment for one CFL for 4000 hrs of operation = 100 – (10 x 4)
= Rs.60
Incremental investment for 100 CFLs for 4000 hrs of operation = Rs.60 x 100
= Rs.6000
Simple payback = 6000/88,800
= 0.067 years or 0.8 month
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
L-4 A reheating furnace heats steel billets (cp = 0.12 kcal/ kgoC) from 50oC to 1200oC
at a system efficiency of 25%.
(i) Calculate the amount of energy necessary to heat 10 tons of steel billets per hour.
(ii) Calculate litres of furnace oil (with a calorific value of 10,000 kcal/ kg and a density
of 0.95 kg/litre) fired per 1 ton of steel billet.
(iii) Assume the efficiency of the furnace is improved from 25% to 30%. Calculate the
hourly furnace oil cost savings if 1 litre costs Rs. 16.
(iv) What is the simple payback period if investment is Rs. 2 Crore?
(v) How large could the investment be to improve the efficiency at an internal rate of
return of 16% and 4,800 operating hours per year over 5 years.
(i) Amount of energy necessary to heat 10 tons of steel billets per hour.
= m x cp x dT
= 10,000 kgs x 0.12 x (1200 –50)
= 13,80,000 kcals/hr
= 1,38,000 kcal
Input energy per ton of billet = 1,38,000/0.25
= 552000 Kcal
Kg of furnace oil required = 552000/10,000
= 55.2 kg
= 58.1 litres
(iii) Hourly furnace oil cost savings/ton = 58.1x [(1 – (0.25/0.3)] x Rs.16
= Rs.155.2
Hourly furnace oil cost savingsfor 10 tons = Rs. 155.2 x 10
=Rs.1552
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
74,49,600 x
L-5 Briefly describe the various financial analysis techniques for investments in energy
efficiency projects and their suitability of application.
First Cost
Simple payback period (SPP) = ---------------------------------
Yearly Benefits – Yearly Costs
It does not account for the variable nature of annual net cash flow inflows
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper 1 – Set A Solutions
The net present value (NPV) of a project is equal to the sum of the present values
of all the cash flows associated with it. Symbolically
Represents benefit over and above the compensation for time and risk
Decision associated with NPV criterion is:
o Accept the project if NPV is positive
o Reject the project if NPV is negative
The internal rate of return (IRR) of a project is the discount rate, which makes its net present
value (NPV) equal to zero. It is the discount rate in the equation:
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency