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Abstract: The paper describes creep tests of the small specimen, and analyses the material properties of cement pastes.
Material properties were tested in compression tests. Creep of cement pastes was tested on the cylindrical specimens
with diameter 10mm. Tests were focused for the pastes made from Portland cement CEM I and CEM II and water,
whose water-cement ratio was 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5. Tested specimens for measurement of creep were waterlogged and
dried. Shrinkage of cement specimens was measured too. After finalization of the measuring were specimens used for
compression tests and Modulus of elasticity was measured. History of creep, material properties, history of specimens
are inputs for simulation by finite element method.
Key-Words: Cement paste, shrinkage, creep of cement paste, concrete specimen, compression test, lever mechanism.
volume of specimen and a change of weight the Lever mechanism (Fig.3) is equipment for measuring
specimen. of creep of cement paste [3].
Curves of creep and shrinkage are measured by lever
mechanisms. Strength of cement paste is determined
from compression tests of the cement paste specimens.
2 Specimens
For the creep tests and compression tests was used one
type of specimens. Cylindrical specimens were made
into the plastic moulds. Their length was 10cm [2].
Lengths of specimens for creep tests were 70mm. After
the process hardening cement paste were specimens cut
from length 10cm to 7cm. Diameter of all specimens
was 10mm.
In this paper are presented results of testing of
specimens that was made from Portland cement. First
series of specimens was made from Portland cement
CEM I 42,5R with water cement ratio 0.5. Water cement
ratio (w/c) is the weight proportion of the water and
cement. Second series of specimens was made from
Portland cement with w/c = 0.4, see Fig 1. Third series
Fig.2: Specimens in compression test equipment.
was made from Portland cement and water too, but with
w/c ratio 0.3. Cement mixture was sufficiently liquid
(w/c = 0.5) and was it possible pour to moulds.
Other series were made from Portland cement CEM
II, 32,5R. Three series were used, too, with water-
cement ratio 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3.
Cylindrical specimens were tested in compression tests, CEM I, w/c 0,4, No.2
after creep tests finishing.
160
140
Specimen w/c w/c w/c
120
Stress (MPa)
100
80
1 114.325 79.959 67.233
60
20
3 70.172 142.686 70.233
0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7
4 104.141 130.757 58.666
Deformation (mm)
Stress (MPa)
60
50
Com pression strength (MP a)
40
100
30
20
80 10
0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2
60 Strain (*0,001)
140
20
120
100
0
Stress (MPa)
0,3 0,4 0,5 80
w/c ratio 60
40
0
the specimens from CEM II. 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
Strain (*0,001)
80
70
60
Stress (MPa)
CEM I, w/c 0.4, No. 1 50
90
40
80 30
70 20
60
Stress (MPa)
10
50
0
40
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
30
Strain (*0.001)
20
10
160 100
Stress (MPa)
140
80
120
60
Stress (MPa)
100
80 40
60
20
40
20 0
0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strain (*0,001)
Strain (*0.001)
CEM I, w/c 0.4, No.4 Fig.8: Stress-strain diagrams CEM II, water-
140 cement ratio 0.3.
120
100
Stress (MPa)
20 100
0
80
Stress (MPa)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Strain (*0.001)
60
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Strain (*0,001)
CEM II, w/c 0.4, No.2 CEM II, w/c 0.5, No. 3
120 80
70
100
60
80
Stress (MPa)
Stress (MPa)
50
60 40
30
40
20
20
10
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
Strain (*0.001) Strain (*0.001)
CEM II, w/c 0.4, No.3 CEM II, w/c 0.5, No. 3
100 60
90
50
80
70
40
Stress (MPa)
Stress (MPa)
60
50 30
40
20
30
20
10
10
0 0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Strain (*0.001) Strain (*0.001)
CEM II, w/c 0.4, No. 4 Fig.10: Stress-strain diagrams CEM II, water-
30 cement ratio 0.5.
25
20
Stress (MPa)
15 5 Modulus of elasticity
10
Modulus of elasticity is one of important parameters for
5
the simulation of creep tests. Its value is defined like a
relation between stress and strain. Value of stress is at
0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 30% of the strength of specimens. Line between start
Strain (*0.001)
and value of stress at 30% of stress define Modulus of
Fig.9: Stress-strain diagrams CEM II, water- elasticity [5]. Higher value of the Modulus is
cement ratio 0.4. corresponding with more brittle material. Measurement
is realized on the small specimens by one extensometer
CEM II, w/c 0.5, No.1
with measuring length 25mm (see Fig. 2).
Paper present Modulus of elasticity measured at the
40
35
all specimens made from CEM II (Fig 8, 9 and 10) and
30
three value of specimens made from CEM I and w/c 0.4
(Fig. 7).
Stress (MPa)
25
0
1 49.215 27.802 19.317
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
Strain (*0.001) 2 61.663 21.846 25.058
CEM II, w/c 0.5, No. 2 3 64.071 26.663 38.810
60
50
4 47.196 24.941 20.820
40 Table 3. Modulus of elasticity of specimens of cement
Stress (MPa)
specimens made with w/c ratio 0.5 achieve the value of 350
Deformation (*0,001)
250
50
decreasing of Modulus of elasticity with increasing
0
content water in cement paste (Fig. 11). 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (day)
250
200
60
Deformation (*0,001mm)
150
Modulus of elasticity (GPa)
50
100
40 50
30 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (day)
20
CEM I, w/c 0.3, shrinkage
10
350
300
0
Deformation (*0,001mm)
250
0,3 0,4 0,5
200
w/c ratio
150
100
Fig.11: Graph of average values of Modulus of
50
elasticity of the specimens from CEM II. 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (day)
6 Results from creep tests Fig. 12: Creep of specimens w/c 0.3 (CEM I).
Before testing material properties in compression tests
were specimens tested into the lever mechanisms for
achieve results of creep. In the any series were tested 2 Graphs viewed in Fig. 13 included results of
specimens loaded by load 740N with condition – water measure the creep and shrinkage cement paste with
saturated specimen. Specimen – water dried was tested in w/c 0.4.
each series, too. At least cement paste shrinkage was
CEM I, w/c 0.4, (wet 1)
measured, too. Durations of the measure were from 27 to
30 day. 300,00
50,00
CEM I, w/c 0.3, wet
0,00
350 0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00
Time (day)
300
Deformation (*0,001mm)
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (day)
70,00
70,00
60,00 60,00
Deform atio n (*0,001m m )
Deformation (*0,001mm)
50,00 50,00
40,00 40,00
30,00
30,00
20,00
20,00
10,00
10,00
0,00
0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 0,00
0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00
Time (day)
Time (day)
180 100
160 90
Deformation (*0,001mm)
140 80
Deformation (*0,001)
120 70
60
100
50
80
40
60
30
40
20
20
10
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (day) Time (day)
100 25,00
90
80 20,00
Deformation (*0,001m m)
Deformation (*0,001mm)
70
60 15,00
50
40 10,00
30
20 5,00
10
0 0,00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00
Time (day) Time (day)
Fig. 13: Creep of specimens w/c 0.4 (CEM I). Fig. 14: Creep of specimens w/c 0.5 (CEM I).
Third set of pictures (Fig.14) are diagrams of Specimens were covered by plastic wrap during the
evolution of creep in the time for cement paste with w/c testing. Before covering were specimens placed into the
0.5. water basin. Specimens tested on drying creep were
removed from water and 2 day dried out. All specimens
CEM I, w/c 0.5, creep
were 1 year old.
70,00
50,00
180
40,00 160
Deformation (*0.001mm)
140
30,00
120
20,00 100
10,00 80
60
0,00
40
0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00
20
Time (day)
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (day)
CEM II, w/c 0.3, wet CEM II, w/c 0.4, wet
200
200
180
180
160
Deformation (*0.001mm)
160
Deformation (*0.001mm)
140
140
120
120 100
100 80
80 60
60 40
40 20
0
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
Time (day)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (day)
CEM II, w/c 0.4, shrinkage
120 300
Deformation (*0.001mm)
100 250
Deformation (*0.001mm)
200
80
150
60
100
40
50
20
0
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (day)
Time (day)
30
Deformation (*0,001mm)
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (day)
Time (day)
Fig. 15: Creep of specimens w/c 0.3 (CEM II). Fig. 16: Creep of specimens w/c 0.4 (CEM II).
Graphs viewed in Fig. 16 included results of measure CEM II, w/c 0.5, wet
the creep and shrinkage cement paste with w/c 0.4 made 600
300 300
250 200
Deformation (*0.001mm)
200 100
150 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
100 Time (day)
50
CEM II, w/c 0.5, wet
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 500
Time (day) 450
400
Deformation (*0.001mm)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (day)
CEM II, w/c 0.5, shrinkage In the second series (w/c 0.4) were result of measure
“wet” creep (creep of the water saturated specimen)
300
different. Values of the wet creep were from 47 to 190
250
µm. Value of the creep of the water dried specimen was
Deformation (*0.001mm)
200 142 µm. Shrinkage of cement paste was little bit higher
150 32 µm.
100
Third series (w/c 0.5) is characterized by next results:
Deformation of the wet specimens was between 40
50
and 44 µm. Deformation of the dried specimen was 83
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
µm. Finally, shrinkage of specimen was 23 µm. The
Time (day) above described results pertain to the cement paste from
CEM I. Following results are related with cement CEM
CEM II, w/c 0.5, dry II.
120 In this first series was achieved creep after 25 day
100
values 100µm. Deformation of the dried specimen was
Deformation (*0.001mm)
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