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Leukopenia
Leukopenia
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 [1]
D 70.
ICD-9 [2]
288.50
DiseasesDB [3]
32396
MeSH [4]
D007970
Leukopenia (also known as leukocytopenia, or leucopenia, from Greek λευκό-white and πενία-deficiency) is a
decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased
risk of infection.
Neutropenia is a sub-type of leukopenia that refers to a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophil
granulocytes, the most abundant white blood cells. The terms leukopenia and neutropenia may occasionally be
used interchangeably, as the neutrophil count is the most important indicator of infection risk.
Causes
Low white cell counts are associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, leukemia (as malignant cells overwhelm
the bone marrow), myelofibrosis and aplastic anemia (failure of white and red cell creation, along with poor platelet
production). In addition, many common medications can cause leukopenia (see below). HIV and AIDS are also a
threat to white cells.
Other causes of low white blood cell count include: Influenza, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin's lymphoma,
some types of cancer, typhoid, malaria, tuberculosis, dengue, Rickettsial infections, enlargement of the spleen, folate
deficiencies, psittacosis and sepsis. Many other causes exist, such as a deficiency in certain minerals such as copper
and zinc.
Pseudoleukopenia can develop upon the onset of infection. The leukocytes (predominately neutrophils, responding to
injury first) are marginalized in the blood vessels so that they can scan for the site of infection. This means that even
though there is increased WBC production, it will appear as though it is low from a blood sample, since the blood
sample is of core blood and does not include the marginalized leukocytes.
Diagnosis
Leukopenia can be identified with a complete blood count.[7]
Below are blood reference ranges for various types leucocytes/WBCs.[8] The 2.5 percentile (right limits in intervals
in image, showing 95% prediction intervals) is a common limit for defining leukocytosis.
External links
• 1355808838 [9] at GPnotebook
• 11-135a. [10] at Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Professional Edition
• http://doublecheckmd.com/EffectsDetail.do?dname=buPROPion&sid=12112&eid=2237#relse
References
[1] http:/ / apps. who. int/ classifications/ apps/ icd/ icd10online/ ?gd70. htm+ d70
[2] http:/ / www. icd9data. com/ getICD9Code. ashx?icd9=288. 50
[3] http:/ / www. diseasesdatabase. com/ ddb32396. htm
[4] http:/ / www. nlm. nih. gov/ cgi/ mesh/ 2010/ MB_cgi?field=uid& term=D007970
[5] http:/ / toxsci. oxfordjournals. org/ cgi/ content/ full/ 103/ 2/ 278
[6] Nicholson, R J; Kelly, K P; Grant, I S (25 February 1995). "Leucopenia associated with lamotrigine" (http:/ / www. bmj. com/ cgi/ content/
full/ 310/ 6978/ 504/ b). BMJ. . Retrieved 16 June 2010.
[7] http:/ / ibdcrohns. about. com/ od/ diagnostictesting/ p/ testwbc. htm
[8] Specific references are found in article Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests#White_blood_cells_2.
[9] http:/ / www. gpnotebook. co. uk/ simplepage. cfm?ID=1355808838
[10] http:/ / www. merck. com/ mmpe/ sec11/ ch135/ ch135a. html
Article Sources and Contributors 3
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
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