EL1101E/GEK1011

PS1: Consonants

1. Write the IPA symbol representing each of the following sounds (don’t forget
to use square brackets) and give an example of an English word that begins
with that sound (you may not be able to do so for all the sounds).
voiced a. voiceless palatal glide [j] yummy, yes, yay, ya, yonder, yam, yesterday
b. voiceless post-alveolar affricate [t^s] check
c. voiced velar nasal [n,] usually at the middle/end of the word like Hong Kong
d. voiceless glottal fricative [h] happy, hog, hush
e. voiced labiodental fricative [v] vain, venus, velar, voiced,vexing
f. voiced dental fricative [delta] therefor, thy, then
g. voiced alveolar lateral approximant [l] level, lounge
h. voiced post-alveolar fricative [3] genre, usually french words
i. voiced velar plosive [g] gun
j. voiceless glottal plosive [?] uh-oh

2. Write down the three-part articulatory description for each consonant sound
represented by the symbols below and give an example of an English word
that ends with that sound (you may not be able to do so for all the sounds).
a. [f] voiceless labiodental fricative
b. [z] voiced alveolar fricative
c. [ɹ] voiceless alveolar approximant
d. [m] voiceless bilabial nasal
e. [ʃ] voiceless postalveolar fricative
f. [d͡ʒ] voiced postalveolar affricate
g. [k] voiceless velar plosive
h. [θ] voiceless dental fricative
i. [p] voiceless bilabial plosive
j. [d] voiced postalveolar plosive

3. For each group of sounds, identify the one that differs from the other three in
place of articulation.
a. [s], [n], [ɹ], [v] v labiodental, the rest are alveolar
b. [k], [n], [ŋ], [ɡ] n alveolar, the rest are velar
c. [m], [p], [l], [w] l, since w is treated as bilabial
d. [ʃ], [d͡ʒ], [d], [t͡ʃ] d, alveiolar, the rest are post alveolar
e. [t], [n], [d], [k] n, nasal, the rest are plosives

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 4. For each group of sounds, identify the one that differs from the other three in
manner of articulation.
a. [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɡ] g (plosive, not nasal)
b. [b], [t], [k], [ɹ] r (approximant, not plosives)
c. [ʃ], [ð], [j], [h] j (approximant, not fricative)
d. [w], [ʔ], [j], [ɹ] ? (plosive, not approximant)
e. [t͡ʃ],[d], [ɡ], [ʔ] t{ (affricate, not plosive)

5. For each group of sounds, identify the one that differs from the other three in
voicing.
a. [s], [f], [j], [t] j (voiced)
b. [z], [w], [l], [ʔ] glottalstop (the rest are voiceless)
c. [h], [ɹ], [ŋ], [d] h (everything is voiced, h is voiceless)
d. [k], [p], [ð], [t͡ʃ] O^ (voiced, the rest are voiceless)
e. [ʒ], [v], [s], [m] s (everything else is voiced)

6. Without referring to a dictionary, identify the IPA symbols for all the
consonants in each word below.
a. psychic [s_k_k]
b. physical [f_sk_l]
c. therefore [o^_r_f_r_] inverted r!!
d. through [theta_r_] inverted r
e. usual [j3_l] need a j!
f. gym [d3_m] its d3 not 3!
g. hippopotamus [h_pp_p_t_m_s]
h. waffle [w_fl_]
i. psychology [s_k_l_d3_]
j. mute [mj_t_] NEED THE FRICKIN J!!!

7. Consider the following pairs of words. Ignoring the vowels, which pair(s)
differ(s) in exactly one consonant sound?
a. gang, gap plosive nasal, plosive plosive
b. fat, fax fricative plosive, fricative stop and fricative
c. June, moon affricative nasal, nasal nasal
d. dumb, done plosive nasal bilabial!, plosive nasal alveolar!
e. cute, put plosive and approximant (j) plosive, plosive plosive