BTEC LEVEL 3 SUBSIDARY DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING

HEALTH & SAFETY:

ASSIGNMENT THREE

Sam Gallacher
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY

1
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING

Works Cited
barriers direct. (2017). Hazard Warning Tape - long lasting and easily applied. Retrieved
March 31, 2017, from Barriers Direct: https://www.barriersdirect.co.uk/car-security-
mirrors-signage-c1171/warning-signs-tape-c1083/hazard-warning-tape-long-lasting-
and-easily-applied-p1785?shopping&gclid=Cj0KEQjwiI3HBRDv0q_qhqXZ-
N4BEiQAOTiCHlPcFON-3tIFJPkfDWO3fCDZtXm6BK8EzaaUR285SWsaAjrZ8P8HAQ
barriers direct. (n.d.). Hazard Warning Tape - long lasting and easily applied. Retrieved
March 31, 2017, from Barriers Direct: https://www.barriersdirect.co.uk/car-security-
mirrors-signage-c1171/warning-signs-tape-c1083/hazard-warning-tape-long-lasting-
and-easily-applied-p1785?shopping&gclid=Cj0KEQjwiI3HBRDv0q_qhqXZ-
N4BEiQAOTiCHlPcFON-3tIFJPkfDWO3fCDZtXm6BK8EzaaUR285SWsaAjrZ8P8HAQ
County Safety Services (CSS). (n.d.). Cost Incident Calculator. Retrieved March 31, 2017,
from CSS Worksafe: http://www.county-safety-services.com/_docs/indg355f.pdf
FirstAid4Less. (2015, March 17). Standard Sterile Dressings. Retrieved March 31, 2017, from
FirstAid4Less: https://www.firstaid4less.co.uk/First-Aid-
Consumables/Dressings/Sterile-Dressings-With-Bandages/Standard-Sterile-
Dressings?utm_source=google&utm_medium=product_feed_or_listings&pl=STD&cc
v=Y&ar=1&gclid=Cj0KEQjwiI3HBRDv0q_qhqXZ-
N4BEiQAOTiCHtjs1FAHK2eTBSC4UauhG_HjyjnjOXNNohskW0EhKaEaAs8M8P8HAQ
FirstAid4Less. (2017, March 17). Standard Sterile Dressings. Retrieved March 31, 2017, from
FirstAid4Less: https://www.firstaid4less.co.uk/First-Aid-
Consumables/Dressings/Sterile-Dressings-With-Bandages/Standard-Sterile-
Dressings?utm_source=google&utm_medium=product_feed_or_listings&pl=STD&cc
v=Y&ar=1&gclid=Cj0KEQjwiI3HBRDv0q_qhqXZ-
N4BEiQAOTiCHtjs1FAHK2eTBSC4UauhG_HjyjnjOXNNohskW0EhKaEaAs8M8P8HAQ
Health & Safety Executive. (2013). HSE. Retrieved March 20, 2017, from RIDDOR - Reporting
of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013:
http://www.hse.gov.uk/riddor/
Health & Safety Executive. (2013). RIDDOR - Types of reportable incidents. Retrieved March
20, 2017, from HSE: http://www.hse.gov.uk/riddor/reportable-incidents.htm
Isenegger, A. (2017, March 30). https://www.quora.com/What-are-average-lawyer-fees-
per-hour-in-the-UK. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from Quora:
https://www.quora.com/What-are-average-lawyer-fees-per-hour-in-the-UK
McCormick, W. (2010). Unit 1: Accidents & Reporting. In P. Edexcel, Level 3 Engineering
(2010) (pp. 31-33). Harlow: Pearson Edexcel Limited.
Sadler, V. (2015, October 3). Heinrich’s Accident Triangle Explained. Retrieved March 31,
2017, from SHP (Safety & Health Practitioner):
http://www.shponline.co.uk/heinrichs-triangle-health-and-safety-cpd/
Wolters Kluwer . (2012, July 11). Keeping records: why, how and for how long? Retrieved
March 31, 2017, from Croner-i: https://app.croneri.co.uk/feature-articles/keeping-
records-why-how-and-how-long-0

SAM GALLACHER
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING

Table of Contents
Works Cited ................................................................................................... 2
Task One ........................................................................................................ 4
HENRICH’S TRIANGLE & ITS RELEVANCE...................................................... 5
Task Two........................................................................................................ 6
Task Two (contd.) .......................................................................................... 7
Task Three ..................................................................................................... 8
Indirect & Direct costs to the Individual .................................................... 14
Evaluation of the Business Following the Accident ................................... 14

SAM GALLACHER
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING

Task One
It is essential for Engineering Organizations to have a Health & Safety reporting system,
because it means that errors or mistakes that may not be noticed by the people
implementing new machinery or policies may cause an accident or other incident within the
workplace.

An accident is defined as an unplanned, unwanted event which could cause damage to a

person, building or some machinery, and result in loss.

By having a reporting system, both the HSE and the Workplace can be assured that if and
when an accident or incident were to occur, that appropriate reporting and action can be
taken to prevent such an incident to happen again.

One reporting measure that HSE implements is the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and
Dangerous Occurrences. These Regulations brought in 2013 require employers to report any
Injury, Disease or Dangerous Occurrence (such as a near miss) that has happened as a result
of work undertaken by employees.

RIDDOR is very strict in what it deems as a ‘reportable incident’ but does make it clear that
the death of any person due to work undertaken or an accident which has caused injury
must be reported.

However, RIDDOR also states that injuries should be recorded if they result in the three-day
incapacitation of workers, and only reported to HSE if the worker is unable to return to work
after 7 consecutive days.

RIDDOR also states that any disease that may occur as a result of the work carried out must
be reported to them. This is particularly relevant with the handling of asbestos, as it is
known to cause cancer.

Finally, RIDDOR also details how dangerous occurrences should be reported, these are
incidents within the workplace that may not necessarily cause injury or death, but had the
potential to. Again, within this, there are subcategories under what should and shouldn’t be
reported.

On their Website, HSE provides the following examples for what they categorise as a
dangerous occurrence:

 the collapse, overturning or failure of load-bearing parts of lifts and lifting

equipment;
 plant or equipment coming into contact with overhead power lines;
 the accidental release of any substance which could cause injury to any person.
It is important that Companies’ adhere to this Regulation because it ensures that they think
about the causes of the incident or accident, and if it occurs more than once, how they can
better change their ways of working to ensure the safety of their employees.

SAM GALLACHER
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING

HENRICH’S TRIANGLE & ITS RELEVANCE

Hebert Heinrich devised the safety triangle which shows that for every
major injury in the workplace, there are 29 minor injuries and 300
incidents (such as near misses).

Heinrich developed the triangle to show that if you reduce the

number of near miss incidents, you will also reduce the
number of minor and major injuries.

Employers ultimately should want an accident free

workplace. But the level of risk will always be there, so
by making the risk of accident (or incident) as low as
possible, employers can ensure that they are not
likely to have a major injury or death within their
workplace.

SAM GALLACHER
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING

Task Two

SAM GALLACHER
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING

Task Two (contd.)

Following an accident in the workplace, A form must be completed in an accident book. IF
the incident is RIDDOR reportable than a separate form must be filled out on the HSE
website.

An accident book form is very basic and asks for the name, address and occupation (role
within the business) of the person who had the accident. It also asks for name & address of
the person filling in the paperwork.

It also asks for the date of the accident and some details about what happened and where
(i.e. slipped and fell on wet floor), how the accident happened (and if there was a cause)
and details of any injury caused as a result of the accident.

Reports must be kept for three years before being destroyed. Copies of any RIDDOR
reported accidents must also be kept.

Employers should keep a close eye on the number of accidents that occur, and the
circumstances in which they occur, in case there they need to take action.

If an accident occurs multiple times in the same place under the same or similar
circumstances than the employer must take action to prevent it happening again. For
example, if there are multiple instances of people tripping due to a floor being wet in the
staff kitchen, then the employer is required to take action to prevent the incident from
reoccurring.

SAM GALLACHER
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAETY ASSIGNMENT 3: ACCIDENTS IN THE WORKPLACE

Task Three
Event /requirement Explanation Time spent Cost
Dealing with the incident
First aid treatment.
The Victim Jamie and 1 to 2 First Aiders would be at the It would’ve taken around 3 -5 Bandage Cost = 60p
scene. minutes to remove Jamie’s (FirstAid4Less, 2017)
hand from the scene, and a
further two minutes to secure
a bandage properly.
Taking injured person to The distance to the hospital is 3.9 miles.
Hospital/home. It takes between 10 – 14 No cost for Ambulance
It is implied that a Road Ambulance is used over an Air minutes to reach Salisbury however
Ambulance as there is no mention of it in the scenario District Hospital from the UTC.
and a distance of 3.9 miles could be covered fairly time lost = £40(per hour) ÷ 4 =
quickly with blue lights. £10 for 15 minutes

Making the area safe.

One person could clean the scene, although the Clearing up the scene would
paramedics may take care of some of the blood, and one typically take between 30
other may be required to secure the machinery and minutes and 1 hour.
prevent its use before a HSE investigation. The
Machinery should be disconnected from any power
source and clearly be labelled/signed.
Putting out fires. No fire stated

SAM GALLACHER 8
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY
Immediate staff downtime
(work activities stopped).
Investigation of the incident
Staff to write reports.
Meetings and discussions on
the incident.
Time spent with HSE
inspector or local authorities. notification from the Power Station about the incident.
SAM GALLACHER
ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING
5 people could be lost immediately following the The two employees £200 based on a loss of £40
incident; responsible for cleaning the per hour and five staff
scene and securing the affected.
- Clean up Employee machine could be lost for
-Machine Security Employee around 30 mins – 1 hour;
-injured person
-Health & Safety Manager/ Lead First Aider lost to £40 (per hour, per employee)
writing report and notifying HSE X 5= £200
-Employer lost to investigating the incident
The Health & Safety Manager must fill in a report in the Detailed above in immediate
workplace accident book & notify HSE with a RIDDOR staff down time.
form.
The employer may well want to be filled in on what
happened and assist any investigation.
The Managing Director and other directors of the board  X1 Meeting with Health & £40 X 2 = £80
will more than likely want to have several meetings with Safety Lead for 1 hour
the Health & Safety manager, the manager responsible  X1 1 hour Meeting with £40 X 3 = £80
for the employee/department and also the victim Victim to establish what
himself to establish as much information as possible. happened £40 X 5 = £200
 X1 2-hour Meeting(s) with
witnesses and Department
Total = £360
Manager.
HSE will carry out a full investigation upon receiving  Estimated 3 hours’ 3 X £40 = £120
information gathering
They will fully interview all of the witnesses, plus the
Health & Safety Manager and most importantly the
victim.
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY
Consultant fees.
Getting back to business
Assessing and rescheduling
work activities.
Cleaning up the site,
including disposal of waste,
equipment and products.
Bringing work back up to
standards/ recovering work
production.
SAM GALLACHER
ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING
Consultant fees not required as the root cause of the
incident is given in the scenario, and the incident can be
resolved by full training in use of the machinery.
Following the incident, the station will have to make up
for the loss of Jamie at work by rescheduling shifts and
work patterns so that the station can stay fully
operational.
The scene will need to be cleared with the ultimate The time taken as stated  Sterile Gloves = 57p per pair
security to ensure that there is no risk of infection to any above is 30 minutes to 1 hour.  X1 pack of Paper Gloves to
person, whether they be the ones responsible for absorb the blood = £23.94
cleaning the scene or using the area in the future.  Spray bottle of Disinfectant
(maybe 200ml of 500ml reqd)
Government regulations state that biohazard waste can = £2.40
 Biohazard Waste Disposal
be disposed with normal waste if it is packaged in a
Bag = 16p per bag
sealed biohazardous waste bag.
 Red and White Temporary
Obstruction Tape = 33p for 3
Metres
 5p for several sheets of
printed paper warning not to
use sign.
Total = £27.45
(FirstAid4Less, 2017; barriers
direct, 2017)
The business took 12 months to replace Jamie after the Overtime costs detailed
incident, meaning the work that Jamie would’ve done below.
would have to have been cancelled or divided up
between the other engineers.
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY
Repairing any damage or
faults.
Hiring or purchasing,
equipment, plant and
services.
Including property.
Business costs
Injured persons off work.
Replacement workers.
Lost work time, people
waiting to resume work,
reduced productivity, delays,
staff productivity.
Overtime costs.
SAM GALLACHER
ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING
The machine would have had to been serviced and Around 10 mins spent Average Servicing Cost = £150
cleaned to ensure there was no damage caused during organising Service. Wait time
the accident. could be around 1 week.
The company may decide to hire a replacement pillar 30 mins to organise hiring a £18.55 to hire a Pillar Drill for
drill to use in the meantime while the investigation replacement, maximum 3 days 1 Week
continues and the current one is out of action. to deliver it, training required X1 £40 for training.
1-2 hours.
Jamie had to leave the Power Station shortly after the The time from Jamie’s
accident as it left him unable to use some of the accident to his inability to
machinery. return is not quoted.
The power station was unable to replace Jamie for 12 12 Months taken to replace
months. So, saved £38,000 in staff wages, but the money Jamie.
was later used for overtime and damage payments.
I estimate an investigation would take around 2-3 weeks, 8 Hours X £40 = £320 Total = £4800
and involve at least two employees of the company.
£320 X 15 days = £4800
Over the 12 months, 48 weeks’ worth of work would Although the number of other £40 X 2304 = £92,160
have had to been divided between the other engineers. engineers is not quoted using
This is equivalent to 2,304 hours. an estimate of 5 the following
would be true;
Each employee would take an
average of 5 hours extra per
week.
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY
Contract penalties
Cancelled or lost orders
Action to safeguard future business
Reassuring customers.
Providing alternative sources
to companies for supply.
Sanctions and penalties
Compensation claim
payments.
Solicitor’s fees and legal
expenses.
SAM GALLACHER
ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING
Contract Penalties not quoted
Cancelled or lost orders not quoted
I estimate that around half a business day (4 hours) 4 * 40 = £160 £160 in time.
would have had to of been spent reassuring customers
that would’ve heard about the incident or had orders
affected as a result.
Not Quoted.
£100,000 was paid out to Jamie as a result of his injuries. £100,000
It is not quoted as to whether the business took legal Based on them sitting in on £750
advice following the incident, but the average cost per the meetings detailed above,
hour for a lawyer is £250. they would be around for 3
hours, which totals £750,
excluding any other billables.
(Isenegger, 2017)
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY
Staff time dealing with legal
expenses
Fines and costs imposed due
to criminal proceedings
Increase in insurance
premiums.
SAM GALLACHER
ASSIGNMENT THREE: ACCIDENTS & REPORTING
I estimate staff would spend around 3 hours dealing with 3 X £40 = £120 £120
legal expenses because they would have to make
additional transfers than their normal fees because of
how high the cost is.
The scenario states that they were fined by the local £25,000
authority £25,000 as a result of their actions.
Unable to source information on potential increases, but
I make an estimate of at least 20% based on other similar
insurance types.
TOTAL COST OF ACCIDENT: £223,916.60
Adapted from Cost Incident Calculator (County Safety Services (CSS))
UNIT ONE: HEALTH & SAFETY ASSIGNMENT 3: ACCIDENTS IN THE WORKPLACE

Indirect & Direct costs to the Individual

There will be multiple repercussions for the individual involved, as the work he can now undertake is
severely hindered. This is a direct cost, as it is a result the accident. It means his salary will be affected as
he cannot do a highly skilled job, such as the one he was doing. An indirect cost of the accident would be
the legal expenses involved in getting compensation from the business as a result of the accident.

Evaluation of the Business Following the Accident

Following this accident, there is a great possibility that the business could be forced to close, as the
accident cost was substantial. There is also the added factor that the business has been unable to employ a
replacement worker, which would limit how much work the business would be able to take on, which
would affect the amount of income they would be able to bring in.

The costs they may have, such as staffing costs, overheads such as power, water, gas, heating, etc. may be
enough to cause the business to close if their income is low, or they may only need to downsize, which
although would allow them to keep operating, may result in the loss of additional workers.

As for the worker, he will now be forced into a low skilled job, earning less money as a result of the
employer’s negligence, and the way in which he lives will be changed forever as a result of the accident,
and he will no longer be able to do things the way he used to, which will have many affects for his family
also.

SAM GALLACHER 14