1.

I𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝋
Below figure 4.25 shows a block diagram of the cos 𝜑-based control algorithm used for the
estimation of reference supply currents. The load currents (𝑖𝐿𝑎 , 𝑖𝐿𝑏 , 𝑖𝐿𝑐 ), PCC voltages (𝑣𝑠𝑎 ,
𝑣𝑠𝑏 , 𝑣𝑠𝑐 ) supply currents, and DC bus voltage (𝑉𝐷𝐶 ) of the VSC of the DSTATCOM are sensed
as feedback control signals. The amplitude of the active power component of current (ILpa) of
phase a is extracted from the fundamental component of load current (iLfa) (achieved after
filtering) at the zero crossing of the in-phase unit template (cos 𝜑 = 𝑢𝑠𝑎 ) of three-phase PCC
voltages. A zero-crossing detector and “sample and hold” logic are used to extract the 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑎
(amplitude of filtered load current at zero crossing of the corresponding in-phase unit template).
Similarly, amplitudes of the active power component of currents of phase b ( 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑏 ) and phase c

( 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑐 ) are extracted. In the case of a balanced system, the amplitude of the active power
component of load currents can be expressed as

𝐼𝐿𝑝𝐴 = ( 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑎 + 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑏 + 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑐 )/3

Where 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑎 , 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑏 and 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝑐 are the amplitudes of the active power component of three-phase load
currents. For a self-supporting DC bus of the VSC, a PI controller is used for regulating the DC
bus voltage of the VSC using Equation 4.2. The output of the PI controller is considered as part
of the active power component of reference supply currents.

1.1 Zero-crossing detector

1.2 Sample and hold circuit
The amplitude of the active power component (I𝑠𝑝 ) of reference supply currents is estimated as
I𝑠𝑝 = 𝐼𝐿𝑝𝐴 − 𝐼𝑐𝑝

In-phase components of reference supply currents are estimated as

∗
𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑝 = 𝐼𝑠𝑝 cos 𝜑𝑝𝑎

∗
𝑖𝑠𝑏𝑝 = 𝐼𝑠𝑝 cos 𝜑𝑝𝑏

∗
𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑝 = 𝐼𝑠𝑝 cos 𝜑𝑝𝑐

Where in-phase templates are cos 𝜑𝑝𝑎 = 𝑢𝑠𝑎 , cos 𝜑𝑝𝑏 = 𝑢𝑠𝑏 , and cos 𝜑𝑝𝑐 = 𝑢𝑠𝑐 .
The unit amplitude templates (sin 𝜑𝑞𝑎 = 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑞 , sin 𝜑𝑞𝑏 = 𝑢𝑠𝑏𝑞 , sin 𝜑𝑞𝑐 = 𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑞 ) in quadrature with
three-phase PCC voltages (𝑣𝑠𝑎 , 𝑣𝑠𝑏 , 𝑣𝑠𝑐 ) are derived using a quadrature transformation.

The amplitude of the reactive power component of load current (𝐼𝐿𝑞𝐴 ) of phase a is extracted
from the fundamental component of load current ( 𝑖𝐿𝑓𝑎 ) (achieved after filtering) at the zero
crossing of the quadrature unit template of the PCC voltage (sin 𝜑𝑞𝑎 ). A zero-crossing detector
and “sample and hold” logic are used to extract the 𝐼𝐿𝑞𝑎 (amplitude of filtered load current at
zero crossing of the corresponding quadrature unit template). Similarly, the amplitudes of the
reactive power component of currents of phase b (𝐼𝐿𝑞𝑏 ) and phase c (𝐼𝐿𝑞𝑐 ) are estimated. The
amplitude of the reactive power component of load currents can be expressed as
𝐼𝐿𝑞𝑎 + 𝐼𝐿𝑞𝑏 + 𝐼𝐿𝑞𝑐
𝐼𝐿𝑞𝐴 =
3
The amplitude of the reactive power component of reference supply currents is estimated by
subtracting the fundamental reactive power component of the load currents from the fundamental
reactive power component of the DSTATCOM current. The reactive power component of the
DSTATCOM current is estimated by using a terminal voltage PI controller similarly to Equation
4.6 and it is considered as ICq. Therefore, the instantaneous value of the amplitude of the
fundamental reactive power component of reference supply currents is
𝐼𝑠𝑞 = 𝐼𝐶𝑞 − 𝐼𝐿𝑞𝐴
The quadrature or reactive power components of reference supply currents are estimated as
∗
𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑞 = 𝐼𝑠𝑞 sin 𝜑𝑞𝑎
∗
𝑖𝑠𝑏𝑞 = 𝐼𝑠𝑞 sin 𝜑𝑞𝑏
∗
𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑞 = 𝐼𝑠𝑞 sin 𝜑𝑞𝑐
Total reference supply currents are the sum of in-phase and quadrature components of reference
supply currents, which are computed as
∗ ∗ ∗
𝑖𝑠𝑎 = 𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑝 + 𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑞
∗ ∗ ∗
𝑖𝑠𝑏 = 𝑖𝑠𝑏𝑝 + 𝑖𝑠𝑏𝑞
∗ ∗ ∗
𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑝 + 𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑞
 ∗ ∗ ∗
These reference supply currents (𝑖𝑠𝑎 , 𝑖𝑠𝑏 , 𝑖𝑠𝑐 ) are compared with the sensed supply currents (𝑖𝑠𝑎 ,
𝑖𝑠𝑏 , 𝑖𝑠𝑐 ) in PI current controllers. The outputs of PI current controllers for all the phases are used
to generate gating signals of IGBTs of the VSC using a PWM current controller.