Eec

International Federation of Red Cross
&
Red Crescent Societies
Kalimati, Kathmandu
The Detail Design

Report on Emergency
Evacuation center
At Siraha, Saptari, Udaypur
SUBMITTED BY:
Unique Design and Development Engineering

Consultancy (P) Ltd
Sanepa, Lalitpur
May 2018
Detail Design Report on Emergency Evacuation Center
Contents
List of Tables iv
List of Figuresv
Chapter 1 : Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work ............................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Structural Components ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.4 Codes, Standards and References....................................................................................................... 1
1.5 Structural Design Methodology ............................................................................................................ 2
Chapter 2 :Design Philosophy and Approach ....................................................................................... 3

2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Wind load Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 3
2.3 Overall Design Procedure .................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 3 :Basic Materials................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Concrete ............................................................................................................................................. 5
3.3 Reinforcing Steel ................................................................................................................................. 5
3.4 Steel Pipe ........................................................................................................................................... 5
3.5 Soil Bearing Capacity .......................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 4 :Modeling and Analysis........................................................................................................ 6

4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Modeling of Structural System ............................................................................................................. 6
4.2.1 Steel pipes ............................................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 5 :Loads ................................................................................................................................ 7

5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Gravity Load ....................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3 Load Combinations ............................................................................................................................. 7
5.3.1 Code-based Design .................................................................................................................. 7
5.4 Analysis Procedures ............................................................................................................................ 8
5.4.1 Code Based Design .................................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 6 : Structural Design Results............................................................................................... 9

6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2 Analysis Results .................................................................................................................................. 9
6.3 Post and steel section ......................................................................................................................... 9
6.4 Foundation Design .............................................................................................................................. 9
Chapter 7 Results and Output (Main Building) .....................................................................................10

7.1 Analysis of Building ............................................................................................................................10
7.1.1 Introduction: ........................................................................................................................... 10
Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page ii

7.1.2 Wind presure.......................................................................................................................... 10

7.1.3 Purlin design .......................................................................................................................... 11
7.1.4 Post Design and Base plate: ................................................................................................... 13
7.1.5 Joint: ...................................................................................................................................... 14
7.1.6 Foundation Design: ................................................................................................................ 14
Chapter 8 : Summary .....................................................................................................................17

8.1 Summary ...........................................................................................................................................17
Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page iii
List of Tables
Table 1: Typical Structural Member and Components ............................................................................ 1
Table2: Codes and Standards .................................................................................................................. 2
Table 3: Compressive Strength of concrete ............................................................................................. 5
Table 4:Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel ............................................................................................... 5
Table5 : Live Load, Superimposed Dead Load ........................................................................................ 7
Table 7: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design (IS) .............................................. 7
Table 8: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design ................................................................................ 8
Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page iv

List of Figures
Figure 1: Overall Design Procedure .......................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3: Plan of site ................................................................................................................................. 10
Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page v

Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The structure of Emergency Evacuation Center project located at Siraha, Saptari, Udaypur
engaged the services of Unique Design & Development Engineering Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.
Sanepa, Lalitupr, to carry out the design for the spatial requirements in accordance with
purpose of the building taking into account the aesthetic aspect with structural analysis
and design in close coordination with the client. In order to fulfill such requirements, the
structural materials and the structural system have been determined taking into account
the availability of materials, cost efficiency and structural integrity, i.e. stability, strength
and serviceability; the three main factors to be incorporated in the design of all structures.
The building is a system consisting of singly storey steel structure with steel truss.
The design have been carried out manual calculation, using IS 800:1984, and
finite element software SAP 2000 (Version 20), developed by Research
Engineers International, USA.
1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work
The main objectives of the work are to perform the structural design of the
building in terms of suitability of the structural system, cost effectiveness,
efficient use of materials and other resources, conformance to the acceptable
building codes, standards and established engineering practices, with special
emphasis on the effects due to earthquakes and other applicable demands.
1.3 Structural Components

The components of structural system used for this report are summarized in the
following table.
Table 1: Typical Structural Member and Components
Structural System Element Typical Component Types
Foundation RC sections
Steel Tube structure Column Steel Tube
system (Considering
Lintels RC beam
wind load
Walls Non load bearing walls
1.4 Codes, Standards and References
The design is based primarily on the current IS 800 1984, “Code of practice for
general construction in steel” which is adopted for the structural analysis and
design of this building, while the relevant codes of British Standards, European
Standards are referred to consider for the areas/provisions that are not
addressed in the Indian Standards or as required for the purpose of design.
The basic building codes referred are listed below which are followed for
structural design, also indicating their area of application.
Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page 1

Table2: Codes and Standards
S. Codes and Description

No. Standards
1 IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice
2 IS 875 (Part 1): 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for
Buildings and Structures: Part 1 Dead Loads – Unit Weights of
Building Material and Stored Materials (Second Revision)
Buildings and Structures: Part 2 Imposed Loads (Second Revision)
Buildings and Structures: Part 3 Wind Loads (Second Revision)
5 SP 34: 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing
6 IS 13920: 1993 Code of practice for Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete
structures subjected to seismic forces
7 IS 1161-1979 Steel tubes for structural purpose
8 IS 383: 1970 Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for
Concrete
9 IS 1786: 1985 Specification for high strength deformed steel bars and wires for
concrete reinforcement (superseding IS:1139 -1966)
10 IS 1904: 1986 Design and Construction of Foundation in soils: General
Requirements.
11 IS 800: 1984 Code of Practice for General Construction in Steel (Third Revision)
12 BS:8110-1985 Structural Use of Concrete.
1.5 Structural Design Methodology
ETAB is used for linear static and dynamic analysis and design of three-dimensional
structures, in which the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the structure
was adequate for the calculation of the significant features of structures. Frame
sections are used in modeling of frame and thin shell element are used in
modeling of slabs and shear walls. Dead load of masonry walls are calculated
manually and applied on beams and slabs where necessary.
The structural elements of reinforced concrete were designed to Limit State Theory.
The major structural elements were automatically designed in the inbuilt program
to IS 456 for reinforced concrete structures elements.
The frame system is designed for gravity loads (Dead and Live/Imposed), seismic
loads

Chapter 2 :Design Philosophy and Approach

2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design philosophy and approach used in structural
design of the aforesaid building.
2.2 Wind load Parameters

This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of the building.
Basic wind speed:
Basic wind speed is taken as per IS 875(Part-3):1975. For the consider area is
taken as 47 m/s. which is modified to design speed with various factor
considering risk co-efficient, terrain and topography factor.
Considering low degree of hazard buildings and mean probable design life of
structure in 25 years, factor for basic wind speed K1 = 0.9. (Cl.5.3.1)
Considering open terrain with well scattered obstructions and building having
height between 1.5 m to 10 m, terrain categorized as 2. Building size is less than
20 m. Terrain, height and structure height factor K2 is obtained as 1. (Cl. 5.3.2.2)
Considering topography angle upto 3 degree, topography factor K3 is taken as

1. (IS 875 part-3, Appendix C.
Site Type:
It is the type of soil considered for the design, which is of Type II medium soil.
2.3 Overall Design Procedure

Analysis and design of the structure is performed according to the following
steps for each structural system.
1) Structural system/concept is developed for each structural system. Used
the basic structural systems described in Table 1.1 as a guideline.
2) Created the finite element model with varying complexity and
refinement suitable for developing and understanding the response.
Carried out different types of analysis to determine the wind pressure
and self load.
3) Designed the structural components to remain elastic under gravity and
wind loads under basic wind speed 47 m/s, as appropriate. Design is
carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the latest
national building code and Indian standard provisions.
4) If the global building and local component responses meet the

acceptance criteria, structural design drawings is prepared. The final
construction drawings are to be verified by the third party engineer as
needed.

Architectural Design
Review
Step 1: Structural System development
Step 2: Preparation of Modeling
Step 3: Structural Analysis
Step 4: Steel design using IS 800:1984

and RCC footing using IS456-2000
Step 6: Preparation of
structural drawings
Figure 1: Overall Design Procedure
The structural elements of reinforced concrete are designed to Limit State Theory,
while the structural steel elements are designed to the Permissible / Working Stress
Theory if require. The major structural elements are automatically designed by the
feature included in the program to IS 456 and IS 800 for reinforced concrete
structures and structural steel elements respectively, while the certain design
calculations for those not properly figured due to the limitation of program are
manually carried out in accordance with the relevant latest standards. The
following matrix shows general architectural configuration and geotechnical
investigation information.

Chapter 3 :Basic Materials

3.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the strength of materials used in the design of structural
components.
3.2 Concrete
The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are

shown in the following table.
Table 3: Compressive Strength of concrete
f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)

Standard Member
(MPa) (MPa)
IS 456:2000 Sill Band/Lintel Band 15 15
IS 800:1984 Tube Post 250 250
IS 456:2000 Foundation 20 20
3.3 Reinforcing Steel
Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in

the following table.
Table 4:Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel
fy (Nominal) fy (Expected)
Diameter
(MPa) (MPa)
10mm and below (for Stirrup) 500 550
10 mm and above 500 550
3.4 Steel Pipe

The Section of truss size of was determined considering the steel strength of
Fe250 KN/m2. Pipe section considered for design is Hipco pipes of Nominal Bore
of type Medium.
3.5 Soil Bearing Capacity

The geometrical size of footing was determined considering the bearing
capacity as 100 KN/m2.

Chapter 4 :Modeling and Analysis

4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building, including
modeling assumptions of materials, sections, and components properties. The
structural system adopted in the structure is the system consisting of steel
structure, however modeling is done for truss only.
The structural elements of reinforced concrete are designed to Limit State

Theory, while the structural steel elements are designed to the Permissible /
Working Stress Theory if require. The major structural elements are automatically
designed by the feature included in the program to IS 456 and IS 800 for
reinforced concrete structures and structural steel elements respectively, while
the certain design calculations for those not properly figured due to the
limitation of program are manually carried out in accordance with the relevant
latest standards. The following matrix shows general architectural configuration
and geotechnical investigation information
4.2 Modeling of Structural System
Complete, two-dimensional elastic models are created, representing the

structure’s spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness to an extent that is
adequate for the calculation of the significant features of the building’s elastic
response. SAP2000 is used as analysis tool. Nominal material properties are used
in modeling of structural components. The models include Nominal Boar of
medium.
4.2.1 Steel pipes

For the analysis Hipco pipes are consider for analysis of section medium
nominal bore of selected section

Chapter 5 :Loads
5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the design loads considered in the structural design,
including gravity loads and seismic loads.
5.2 Gravity Load
Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and

partitions are considered as superimposed dead load. Live load is determined
in accordance with occupancy or use. The following loads are in addition to
the self-weight of the structure. The minimum loading requirements are taken
from IS 875 (Part 2)-1987.
Table5 : Live Load, Superimposed Dead Load
Occupancy or Use Load Amplitude Load Type
In-accessible Roof 0.75KN/m2 Live Load

Superimposed
CGI roof load 0.15 KN/m3
Load
5.3 Load Combinations
5.3.1 Code-based Design
5.3.1.1 Combinations analysis.
Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are
shown in the following table.
Table 6: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design (IS)
No. Load Combination
1 1.4(DL+LL)
2,3 1.2(DL+LL)±WL
4,5 0.9(DL+LL)±WL
6,7 DL+LL ± WL
where: DL = Dead load

LL = Live load
WL = Wind load
Live load at roof level is not included in the seismic weight calculations.

5.4 Analysis Procedures
5.4.1 Code Based Design

Analysis procedure of the code based design was shown in the table below.
Table 7: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design
Load Case Analysis Procedures
Gravity load Linear Static
Wind load Linear Static
Live Load Linear Static

Chapter 6 : Structural Design Results

6.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis and design results of the building. The
structural components were designed to resist the elastic demand forces
considering wind speed 47 m/s.
6.2 Analysis Results

The analysis results for the building are in relevant section.
6.3 Post and steel section
The design of post and steel members including rafter and purling are
calculated manually. However, two-dimension truss is designed as using FEM
model.
6.4 Foundation Design
Foundation was designed as mat footing using BS8110:1997. The dimension of

the foundation was calculated based on 100 kN/m2 soil bearing capacity.

Chapter 7 Results and Output (Main Building)

7.1 Analysis of Building
7.1.1 Introduction:
This chapter presents the finite element modeling of the building as mentioned
in section chapter 2, including modeling assumptions of materials, sections,
components properties and design and result of the building.
The area of proposed single storey as roof truss and tubular section. Section and
detail of structure are submitted separately.
Figure 2: Plan of site
7.1.2 Wind presure

Wind pressure is calculated per area and applied to truss model as two
dimensions in horizontal and vertical direction.

Wind load Calculation

Span of Truss = 7.4 m
Slope of roof = 20 degree
Considerable rise = 1.347278609 m
Height of truss eves level = 2.7 m
Average height of truss from ground level = 3.373639304 m
Average Length of top Chord = 3.95 m
Basic wind speed; Vb = 47 m/s
IS 875 (Part 3) Cl 5.3.1
Risk coefficient ; K1 = 0.9
IS 875 (Part 3) Cl 5.3.2.2
Terrain,height and structure size factor; K2 = 1
IS 875 (Part 3) Appendix C
Topography factors; K3 = 1
Design wind velocity; Vz = K1 K2 K3 Vb 42.3 m/s

Design wind pressure' Pz = 0.6Vz2 1073.574 N/m2
Assuming eaves girder projection beyond centre line = 1m

Design truss span; w = 9.4 m
h/w = 0.287234043
For h/w < 1/2 and slope 20 degree

Coefficient Cpe;
wind angle 0 90 0 90
Force E E G G
Cpe -0.4 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6
Assuming building to be in medium permeablility

Cpi ± 0.5
(Cpe-Cpi) -1.2
(Cpe+Cpi) -0.2
Max Wind load intiensity (Cpe±Cpi) Pz = -1288.2888 N/m2
7.1.3 Purlin design

Purling design is done including self wt of purlin, live load and wind pressure.
Also checked for deflection for critical load combination.

Design of Purlin
Truss spacing = 3.1 m
Slope of roof = 20 degree
Wind load normal to roof = -1.2882888 kN/m2
Vertical load of roof sheeting = 0.15 kN/m2
Vertical live load on sheet = 0.75 kN/m2
Spacing of purling = 0.98 m
E (steel) = 200000 N/mm2
1 Computation of dead load on purlin.
Dead load of roof sheeting = 0.147 kN/m
Self wt of purling = 65 N/m
0.065 kN/m
Total Wd = 0.212 kN/m
Live load
Wl = 0.735 kN/m
2 Wind pressure/m run

Ww = -1.26252302 kN/m
3 Design of BM for purlin

Assuming (DL+LL+WL) would produce more effect on the purlins than the combination of
(DL+LL)
Load Normal to Slope = -0.32831838 kN
Load Parallel to Slope = 0.072536259 kN
Muu = -0.31551396 kN-m
-315513.961 N-mm
Mvv = 0.069707345 kN-m

69707.34501 N-mm
Section of circular section:

Zxx = 14367.75 mm3
Zyy = 14367.75 mm3
Provide of section ISNB 65 @ 6.53 kg/m with value

Zxx = 65.1 cm3
Zyy = 11.6 cm3
Check for stress
fb = 1.162649257 N/mm2

<165 N/mm2 OK
Deflection Check
Deflection due to load normal to slope = -1.16519575 mm
Deflection due to load Parallel to slope = 0.25742982 mm
Resultant Deflection = 1.193294286
Limiting Deflection = 15.5 mm
7.1.4 Post Design and Base plate:

Nominal bore (medium) is adopted for design of post. Post design is done by
considering from truss and self load of post considered following working stress
method.
Iron tube post

Accepted slenderness ratin and area;
Effective length, l = 2700 mm
For ISNB 100 (M)
Radius of gyratin = 3.89 cm
l/r = 69.40874036
Area = 1550 mm2
Permissible stress= 115.807455 MPa

IS 800
Safe load = 179.5015553 kN
OK
Design of base plate for column

Section size = ISNB 100
Total load on Column (W) = 2.891 kN
fck = 20 N/mm2
Bearing strength of Concrete (C) = 4 N/m2
Area to be provided by base plate = 722.75 mm2

For squar column
Side of Base plate = 26.88401 mm
adopting base plate size = 300 mm
Projection of base plate = a =b 50 mm
Actual Pressure intensity : 0.032122 N/mm2
Required Thickness of base plate (t): 0.988276 mm
Adopt Base plate size 425 mm x425 mm x 21 mm

7.1.5 Joint:
Joint for truss is considered as weld joint however bolt joint is considered from
hand book and SP 6(3) and SP 38.
Design of welded joint for tube

Outside dia of main tube, D = 60.3 mm
Outside dia of branch tube, d = 53 mm
Angle between tubes, 90 degree
Ratio, d/D = 0.87893864
Required Parameter
a= 26.5 mm
b= 32.05945163 mm
Length of curve, p = 183.3413652 mm
Allowable stress in weld = 110 N/mm2
Force to transmitted = 1.2 kN
Throat thickness of weld, t = 0.059501525 mm
Required Size of weld = 0.085002179 mm
Provide 4 mm size fillet weld at joint
7.1.6 Foundation Design:

Foundation was designed as a isolated and combined foundation based on
100 kN/m2 bearing capacity. Detail is shown in structural drawing.

AISC 360-10 STEEL SECTION CHECK (Summary for Combo and Station)
Units : KN, m, C
Frame : 7 X Mid: 1.388 Combo: DSTL4 Design Type: Brace

Length: 0.986 Y Mid: 0.000 Shape: ISNB50M Frame Type: SMF
Loc : 0.000 Z Mid: 0.514 Class: Compact Princpl Rot: 0.000 degrees
Provision: LRFD Analysis: Direct Analysis

D/C Limit=0.950 2nd Order: General 2nd Order Reduction: Tau-b Fixed
AlphaPr/Py=0.410 AlphaPr/Pe=0.119 Tau_b=1.000 EA factor=0.800 EI factor=0.800
PhiB=0.900 PhiC=0.900 PhiTY=0.900 PhiTF=0.750

PhiS=0.900 PhiS-RI=1.000 PhiST=0.900
A=6.410E-04 I33=0.000 r33=0.020 S33=8.584E-06 Av3=3.511E-04

J=0.000 I22=0.000 r22=0.020 S22=8.584E-06 Av2=3.511E-04
E=210000000.0 fy=250000.000 Ry=1.100 z33=8.580E-06
RLLF=1.000 Fu=410000.000 z22=8.580E-06
HSS Welding: ERW Reduce HSS Thickness? No
STRESS CHECK FORCES & MOMENTS (Combo DSTL4)

Location Pu Mu33 Mu22 Vu2 Vu3 Tu
0.000 -65.699 0.353 0.000 0.426 0.000 0.000
PMM DEMAND/CAPACITY RATIO (H1-1a)

D/C Ratio: 0.677 = 0.514 + 0.162 + 0.000
= (Pr/Pc) + (8/9)(Mr33/Mc33) + (8/9)(Mr22/Mc22)
AXIAL FORCE & BIAXIAL MOMENT DESIGN (H1-1a)

Factor L K1 K2 B1 B2 Cm
Major Bending 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Minor Bending 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Lltb Kltb Cb
LTB 1.000 1.000 1.986
Pu phi*Pnc phi*Pnt
Force Capacity Capacity
Axial -65.699 127.704 144.225
Mu phi*Mn phi*Mn phi*Mn

Moment Capacity No LTB Cb=1
Major Moment 0.353 1.930 1.930 1.930
Minor Moment 0.000 1.930
Tu Tn phi*Tn
Moment Capacity Capacity
Torsion 0.000 2.727 2.454

SHEAR CHECK
Vu phi*Vn Stress Status
Force Capacity Ratio Check
Major Shear 0.426 43.267 0.010 OK
Minor Shear 0.000 43.267 0.000 OK
BRACE MAXIMUM AXIAL LOADS

P P
Comp Tens
Axial -65.699 0.000

Chapter 8 : Summary
8.1 Summary
Design was carried out for the building for which steel structural with truss is
adopted. Design for truss is checked as per IS 800 and wind load is consider as
per IS 875 (Part III). Purling of ISNB65 (M) and 24# CGI is taken for roofing.
The footings were checked for isolated, and combined as required. Foundation
design is carried out considering soil bearing capacity of 100 kN/m2. This
building was designed on the basis of IS 1893 (part-1):2002. The proposed
design satisfies the key requirement of the building codes.
The detail structural drawings of all elements are in separate volume of
drawing.

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International Federation of Red Cross

The Detail Design

Unique Design and Development Engineering

Chapter 1 : Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2 :Design Philosophy and Approach ....................................................................................... 3

Chapter 3 :Basic Materials................................................................................................................... 5

Chapter 4 :Modeling and Analysis........................................................................................................ 6

Chapter 5 :Loads ................................................................................................................................ 7

Chapter 6 : Structural Design Results............................................................................................... 9

Chapter 7 Results and Output (Main Building) .....................................................................................10

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page ii

7.1.2 Wind presure.......................................................................................................................... 10

Chapter 8 : Summary .....................................................................................................................17

Table2: Codes and Standards .................................................................................................................. 2

Table 3: Compressive Strength of concrete ............................................................................................. 5

Table 4:Yield Strength of Reinforcing steel ............................................................................................... 5

Table5 : Live Load, Superimposed Dead Load ........................................................................................ 7

Table 8: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design ................................................................................ 8

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page iv

Figure 3: Plan of site ................................................................................................................................. 10

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page v

1.2 Objectives and Scope of Work

1.3 Structural Components

Structural System Element Typical Component Types

1.4 Codes, Standards and References

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page 1

Table2: Codes and Standards

S. Codes and Description

1.5 Structural Design Methodology

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page 2

Chapter 2 :Design Philosophy and Approach

2.2 Wind load Parameters

Basic wind speed:

Considering topography angle upto 3 degree, topography factor K3 is taken as

2.3 Overall Design Procedure

4) If the global building and local component responses meet the

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page 3

Step 1: Structural System development

Step 2: Preparation of Modeling

Step 3: Structural Analysis

Step 4: Steel design using IS 800:1984

Figure 1: Overall Design Procedure

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page 4

Chapter 3 :Basic Materials

The minimum compressive, used in different types of structural components are

f'c (Nominal) f'c (Expected)

IS 800:1984 Tube Post 250 250

3.3 Reinforcing Steel

Minimum yield strength of reinforcing steel to be used in the design is shown in

10 mm and above 500 550

3.4 Steel Pipe

3.5 Soil Bearing Capacity

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page 5

Chapter 4 :Modeling and Analysis

The structural elements of reinforced concrete are designed to Limit State

4.2 Modeling of Structural System

Complete, two-dimensional elastic models are created, representing the

4.2.1 Steel pipes

Unique Design and Development Engineering Consultancy (P) Ltd Page 6

5.2 Gravity Load

Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and

Occupancy or Use Load Amplitude Load Type

In-accessible Roof 0.75KN/m2 Live Load

Mu phiMn phiMn phi*Mn