JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

CAT 1
Question 1

(a) To fully describe an object in a CAD system, three modelling components are
Needed. Identify them, and give example under each

(b) (i) With the aid of diagrams, describe THREE types of surfaces that can be generated in 3-
dimensional CAD space

(ii) What is the modern meaning of CAD?

(c) (i) Differentiate between analytical and free-form curves

(ii) Describe the main inputs into a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) program
.
Question Two
(a) (i) With the aid of a diagram describe the following components of a CAD system
_ Hardware
_ Application software
_ Operating system
.
(ii) Derive the equation relating the two end points: P0, P1 and the end tangent vectors: t0, t1 for
the Ferguson curve. Also find the equation for the curve defined by two points P0 (0; 0; 0) and
P1(4; 0; 0) and two tangents t0 = [1; 4; 0] and t1 = [1; -4; 0]

(b) (i) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a 3-D solid model in mechanical part
design

(ii) Using sketches illustrate how the following 3-Dimensional representation schemes are
defined
_ Primitive Instancing
_ Boundary representation (B-Rep)
_ Constructive solid geometry (CSG)

ASSIGNMENT 2
(a) (i) What is a parametric cubic curve?
(b) (ii) A Bezier curve is defined by four control points: (3; 0; 1), (4; 0; 4), (8; 0; 4),
(10; 0; 1)
_ Find the equation of the curve
_ Show how the starting point and end point of the curve relate with the control points
_ Determine the tangent to the curve
_ Find the point on the curve for t = 0:5 and 0:75

(iii) List the continuities necessary to make a composition Bezier curve

(c) A line with end points A (2; 3; 2) and B (15; 12; 8) is rotated 60o clockwise about z-axis,
then translated by a vector [5; 4; 8] T and finally scaled by (2; 2; 3). Determine the final
coordinate of the line after transformation
(d) Explain the reasons why cubic splines are not as popular as Bezier and B-spline curves in
design applications

CAT 2
Question 1

(a) (i) Describe the features of the following components of part-programming language
{Pre-processor

{Post-processor]

(ii) Discuss FIVE functions of a post processor

(ii) Describe the two main classifications of NC codes, outlining various tasks accomplished by
each class

(b) An example of a part-programming language is APT (Automatically Programmed

Tool). List FOUR types of statements used in this language.

c) Distinguish the terms CNC and NC as used in machine tool

Question 2

(a) Discuss the following THREE basic components found in NC system

 Part program
 Machine control unit (MCU) - Loop control unit
 Processing
(b) The integrated CAD/CAM approach prepares the part program directly from the
CAD part geometry. What are the programming steps for this approach?
 (c) With an aid of diagrams describe the following types of positioning systems as used in CNC
programming
 _ Absolute positioning
 _ Incremental positioning
.