DESIGN OF

SEWERAGE SYSTEM
REPORT
25/01/2017

M ABDUL REHMAN
L1F13BSCE0001
 Letter number: CE-205

1. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Date: 10 May, 2016

Prof.Dr. Javed Anwar Aziz

Department of Civil Engineering

University of Central Punjab

Subject: - Sewerage System Report

Respected Sir,

It is stated that the final report of sewerage system of

“Future vision Housing Society” is completed that is located on left side of
Jhelum road. The report explains the whole sewerage system of Future
Vision Housing Society. This design is prepared by using the class notes.

I am fully confident that the design of sewerage system

will full fill all the requirements of the housing society.

Yours Sincerely,

Muhammad Abdul Rehman

L1F13BSCE0001
 TABLES OF CONTENTS

1. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL .............................................................. 2

2.INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 5
2.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHEME: .................................................. 5
2.2. NATURAL SLOPES AVIALABLE: .................................................... 5
2.3. GROUND WATER LEVELS: ............................................................ 5
2.4. PROVISION OF TREARMENT FACILITIES:.................................... 5
2.5. PROVISION OF DISPOSAL STATION: ........................................... 6
2.6. DISPOSAL OF TREATMENT EFFLUENT:....................................... 6
2.7. SCOPE OF DESIGN WORK: ........................................................... 6
3. DESIGN CRITERIA ................................................................................ 7
3.1. DESCRIPTION OF SEWER SYSTEM: ............................................ 7
3.2. ASSUMPTION:................................................................................. 7
3.3. ESTIMATION OF SEWAGE QUQNTITIES: ..................................... 7
3.4. TYPE OF SEWER USED: .............................................................. 10
We designed the system using RCC sewer pipes. ................................ 10
3.5. MINIMUM SEWER SIZE: ............................................................... 10
3.6. MINIMUM COVER ON SEWER: .................................................... 10
3.7. Sewer design equation ................................................................... 10
3.8. VELOCITY OF FLOW: ................................................................... 11
3.9. INVERT LAEVEL CACULATIONS: ................................................ 11
3.10. PROVISION OF MANHOLES:...................................................... 11
3.11. MAXIMUM DEPTH OF SEWER SUGGESTED FOR THE AREA . 12
3.12. TYPES OF SEWER JOINT USED:............................................... 12
3.13. TYPE of bedding employed, Load factor ...................................... 12
4. DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM ............................................................ 13
4.1. PROCEDURE OF DESIGN: ........................................................... 13
 4.2. HYDRAULIC STATEMENT ............................................................ 14
4.3. SEWER SYSTEM DRAWING: ....................................................... 14
4.4. DRAWING OF PARTICULAR MANHOLE: ..................................... 14
4.5. DRAWING OF PARTICULAR DROPMANHOLE: ........................... 14
4.6. SKETCH OF SEWER BEDDING: ................................................... 14
4.7. SKETCH OF SEWER JOINT:......................................................... 14
5. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 15
6. REFFERENCES ................................................................................... 17
7. ANNEXURES ....................................................................................... 18
 2.INTRODUCTION

2.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SCHEME:

The name of the society is “Future
Vision Housing Society”. The society consists of 282 plots of different sizes.
This society also has 3 flats of double story, 3 apartments, one school, 4
commercial areas and one dispensary.

2.2. NATURAL SLOPES AVIALABLE:

The maximum ground surface level is
100.8m and minimum surface level is 98.0m. The change in the natural
ground levels is the reason behind the availability of natural slopes on the
site. The natural slope is in the direction of our movement of sewage from
the population to the disposal and treatment plant which helps in the
movement of sewage under gravity flow.

2.3. GROUND WATER LEVELS:

Ground water tables high because canal
is running near the Future Vision Housing Society.

2.4. PROVISION OF TREARMENT FACILITIES:

Treatment facilities are provided for this society.
The sewage flows under gravity from whole of the population to this
treatment facility. The sewage is treated using specific procedures to obtain
the recommended conditions for our effluent by WASA.
 2.5. PROVISION OF DISPOSAL STATION:
Disposal station provided for this society.
The pumping station collects all the sewage from whole population and
gives a raised flow to the treatment plant effectively.

2.6. DISPOSAL OF TREATMENT EFFLUENT:

The effluent collecting from the treatment plant after the proper
treatment according to the standards given by WASA the effluent is
disposed in the main sewage line laid outside the society.

2.7. SCOPE OF DESIGN WORK:

The design will helping in placing the sewage pipes and according to
slope given, also helpful for the long life of sewerage system, and proper
maintenance.
 3. DESIGN CRITERIA

3.1. DESCRIPTION OF SEWER SYSTEM:

This sewer system of “Future Vision Housing Society” is
partially combined system. The reason is the streets are narrow, less place
available. And another reason is this system is economical than the others.

3.2. ASSUMPTION:
 Design Period:

Period of design is indefinite. The system is designed to take care

for the maximum development of the area. But we take design period of 50
years for our sewer system.

Generation of sewage is from;

Commercial Area = 1.5456 m^3/day

School = 10.5 m^3/day

 Relation between water supplied and sewage produced:

Average daily sewage flow = 70 percent of Average daily flow

3.3. ESTIMATION OF SEWAGE QUQNTITIES:

 Water consumption:

Per capita water consumption =500+20Y

Where Y=sum of last two digits of your roll no. =1

Per capita water consumption =500+20(1) =520 lpcd
Water consumption = 520 * Total population at each manhole
 For total population:

Water consumption= (6984*520)/1000

 3
= 3632 m ⁄day

 For school:

Water consumption= (250*60)/1000

3
= 15 m ⁄day

 For dispensary:

Water consumption= (50*20)/1000

3
= 1 m ⁄day

 For commercial area:

Water consumption= (552 m^2* 4 liter/m^2/day)/1000

3
= 2.208 m ⁄day

 TOTAL WATER CONSUMPTION:

Total water consumption= 3632+15+1+2.208

3
= 3650 m ⁄day

 AVERAGE SEWAGE FLOW:

Average daily sewage flow = 70 percent of Average daily flow

= 0.7*3650
3
= 2555 m ⁄day

 MAXIMUM SEWAGE FLOW:

Maximum sewage flow = Average daily sewage flow

multiplied with the following peak factor by WASA (1986) below;

Average Sewage Flow Peak

 (m3 /day) Factor

≤ 2500 4.0

2500 – 5000 3.4

5000 – 10000 3.1

10000 – 25000 2.7

25000 – 50000 2.5

50000 – 100000 2.3

100000 – 250000 2.15

250000 – 500000 2.08

> 500000 2.0

 Infiltration Rate:

According to the standards given by WASA a 5%

infiltration rate for the sewer diameter ranging from 225mm to
600mm, if the diameter is greater than 600 mm then the infiltration
rate is assumed to be 10%.
In our design system we assumed the 5% infiltration rate for sewer
system. WASA(1986)

 Storm Water Flow Capacity of Sewer:

The storm water flow capacity of the sewer is same as

the Peak flow calculated by multiplying the peak flow factor with the
average flows.
  Design Flow:

The diameters of the sewers are calculated by using these

design flows. It is calculated by using the following formula
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 2 ∗ 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 + 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
And the design flow is helpful for us to design the sewer
flows. Aziz(2016)

3.4. TYPE OF SEWER USED:

We designed the system using RCC sewer pipes.

3.5. MINIMUM SEWER SIZE:

The minimum sewer size used in our design is 225 mm. This
diameter is used to avoiding from clogging, blockage etc.
WASA(2016)

3.6. MINIMUM COVER ON SEWER:

Minimum cover provided is 1m.

3.7. Sewer design equation

Manning’s equation and equation of continuity are used.

 Manning’s Equation:
1 2 1
V= ∗ R3 ∗ S 2
n
Where
V = Velocity of flow in m/sec
 R = Hydraulic mean depth (A/P) = D/4 when pipe is flowing

full or half full

S = Slope of the sewer
n = Coefficient of roughness for pipes Aziz(2016)

3.8. VELOCITY OF FLOW:

We used velocity in the sewerage system is 0.7. Because this
design based on the partially combined sewerage system.

3.9. INVERT LAEVEL CACULATIONS:

The lowest inside level at any cross-section of a sewer pipe is known as
Invert Level at that Cross-section.

 Where the sewer is start; Design of Sewer System

U/S Invert Level = NGSL/Road Level – Depth of Sewer – Thickness of

Sewer – Dia. of Sewer
D/S Invert Level = U/S Invert Level-(Slope *Diameter of Sewer)

 In the case of two or more sewer;

U/S Invert Level = Minimum Invert level – (Diameter of Sewer of less Invert
Level - Diameter of Sewer of Invert Level find)

D/S Invert Level = U/S Invert Level-(Slope *Diameter of Sewer)

3.10. PROVISION OF MANHOLES:

Manholes are provided according to:
 Direction.
 Diameter.
 Slope.
Each manhole accommodates the 2 to 4 plots. According to the standards
of WASA:

Manhole to Manhole Sewer DIA.

spacing
Not more than 100m 225mm-375mm
Not more than 120m 450mm-750mm
Not more than 150m More than 750mm

WASA(1986)

3.11. MAXIMUM DEPTH OF SEWER SUGGESTED FOR THE

AREA
The maximum depth of sewer is about 10-12 feet.

3.12. TYPES OF SEWER JOINT USED:

 Two types of joint are used. Bell & Spigot Joint are used for those
pipes whose diameter 225mm to 600mm.
 Tongue &Groove Joint are used for those pipes whose diameter
greater than 600mm. Aziz(2016)

3.13. TYPE of bedding employed, Load factor

Type of bedding used in our system is CRUSHED STONE.

LOAD FACTOR= 1.9

 4. DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM

4.1. PROCEDURE OF DESIGN:

 Draw the layout of sewerage system keeping in view the layout of the
roads and streets. (Represent sewer pipe with a line).
 Represent each manhole (i.e. junction) with the help of a small circle
(junction of two or more pipes is called a node).
 Allocate ‘plots’ or ‘areas ‘to each manhole. The allocation of
plots/areas to the manholes should be as realistic and balanced as
possible.
 Based on the population density/person per plot determine the
population served by each manhole. (For the present design, the
population in houses has been provided).
 Using per capita water consumption value (lpcd) calculates the
3
average daily flow at each manhole inm ⁄day add it average daily flow

for school, dispensary, plots, wherever needed. To calculate average

daily flow, the general formula to be used by you is:
o Per capita water consumption =500+20Y
o Where Y=sum of last two digits of your roll no.
 Then find the average daily sewage flow by using below expression;
o Average daily sewage flow = 70 percent of Average daily flow.
 Then find the 5% infiltration rate of average daily sewage flow after
this find the peak flow by average daily sewage flow multiplied with
the peak factor.
 We used the partially combined system so storm sewer flow is equal
to peak flow.
 3
 After this find the design flow in m ⁄day by below expression;

o Design flow = Peak flow + Storm flow + 5% infiltration

 We use the velocity 0.7.
 Then find the diameters of each sewer pipe. By using the equation of
continuity. By using this formula. Q= 𝐴𝑉
 Then find the slope by using the manning’s formula;
2 1
1
o 𝑉 = ∗ 𝑅3 ∗ 𝑆 2
𝑛

 In the end find the invert levels for all the sewers and complete the
table of calculation called “Hydraulic Statement “

4.2. HYDRAULIC STATEMENT

It is attached at the end.

4.3. SEWER SYSTEM DRAWING:

It is attached at the end.

4.4. DRAWING OF PARTICULAR MANHOLE:

It is attached at the end.

4.5. DRAWING OF PARTICULAR DROPMANHOLE:

It is attached at the end.

4.6. SKETCH OF SEWER BEDDING:

It is attached at the end.

4.7. SKETCH OF SEWER JOINT:

It is attached at the end.
 5. CONCLUSION

 This design is based on partially combined sewerage system thus is

economic. All the necessary things are taken from the WASA tables
and Minimum velocity is taken as 0.7 m/sec which is the self
cleansing velocity and velocity must not be more than 2.4 m/sec.

 Minimum diameter of sewer is taken as 225 mm and other diameters

are rounded to the locally available in the market according to WASA
standards. Minimum rate of sewage flow is taken as 50% of average
sewage flow. Minimum clear cover of 1-m is provided above the
sewer in order to avoid from impact of live loading.

SR# MANHOLE MANHOLE LENGTH DIAMETER

FROM TO (m) (mm)

1 1.1 1 98 225

2 1 2 33 225

3 2.1 2 97 225

4 2 3 35 225

5 3.2 3 97 225

6 3 4 30 300

7 4 5 17 225

8 4 5 87 225

9 5.1 6 35 375

10 6.1 6 104 375

11 6 7 30 450

12 7.1 7 105 375

13 7 8 44 450

14 8.1 8 105 375

15 8 9 50 525

16 9.1 9 104 450

17 9 10 38 600

18 10 14 26 600

19 1.1 11 37 225

20 11 13 162 225

21 12 12.1 151 225

22 12 13 42 300

23 13 14 10 300

24 14 15 08 675
 6. REFFERENCES

 Aziz, J.A. (2016) Instructor notes, Environmental Engineering-II,

Civil Engineering department UCP, Lahore, Pakistan.
 Water and Sanitation Agency, LDA. Lahore.
7. ANNEXURES