Antibiotika Keterangan

Amoxicillin Larotid, Amoxil Approved B L1

Aztreonam Azactam Approved B L2

Cefadroxil Ultracef, Duricef Approved B L1

Cefazolin Ancef, Kefzol Approved B L1

Cefotaxime Claforan Approved B L2

Cefoxitin Mefoxin Approved B L1

Cefprozil Cefzil Approved C L1

Ceftazidime, Fortaz, Approved B L1

Ceftazidime
Taxidime
Ceftriaxone Rocephin Approved B L2

Ciprofloxacin [more] Cipro Approved C L3

Clindamycin Cleocin Approved B L3

L1
E-Mycin, Ery-tab, ERYC, Approved B L3 early
Erythromycin
Ilosone postnatal

Fleroxacin - Approved - NR

Gentamicin Garamycin Approved C L2

Kanamycin Kebecil, Kantrex Approved D L2

Moxalactam Moxam Approved - NR

 Nitrofurantoin Macrobid Approved B L2

Ofloxacin Floxin Approved C L2

Penicillin - Approved B L1

Streptomycin Streptomycin Approved D L3

Sulbactam - Approved - NR

Sulfisoxazole Gantrisin, Azo-Gantrisin Approved C L2

Achromycin, Sumycin, Approved D L2

Tetracycline
Terramycin
Ticarcillin Ticarcillin, Ticar, Timentin Approved B L1

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Proloprim, Trimpex Approved C L3

Lactation Risk Categories Pregnancy Risk Categories

 L1 (safest)  A (controlled studies show no risk)

 L2 (safer)  B (no evidence of risk in humans)
 L3 (moderately safe)  C (risk cannot be ruled out)
 L4 (possibly hazardous)  D (positive evidence of risk)
 L5 (contraindicated)  X (contraindicated in pregnancy)

Pregnancy
AAP Risk
Generic name Trade Name approved?* Category** Lactation Risk Category**
Analgesics (Pain-killers) [more]
Acetaminophen Tylenol Approved B L1
Colchicine Colchicine Approved D L4
Nefopam Acupan Approved - NR
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAIDs) [more]
Azapropazone (apazone) Rheumox Approved - L2
Dipyrone (banned in the US &
- Approved - NR
UK)
Flufenamic acid - Approved - NR
B (1st, 2nd
Advil, Nuprin, trim.)
Ibuprofen Approved L1
Motrin, Pediaprofin D (3rd
trim.)
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
Indomethacin Indocin Approved L3
D (3rd
trim.)
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
Ketorolac Toradol, Acular Approved L2
D (3rd
trim.)
Mefenamic acid Ponstan, Ponstel Approved - NR
 Anaprox, Naprosyn, L3
Naproxen Approved B
Naproxen, Aleve L4 (for chronic use)
Phenylbutazone Butazolidine Approved - NR
Piroxicam Feldene Approved B L2
Suprofen Profenal Approved - NR
Tolmetin Tolectin Approved C L3
Narcotic analgesics [more]
B (1st, 2nd
trim.)
Butorphanol Stadol Approved L3
D (3rd
trim.)
Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3
Fentanyl Sublimaze Approved B L2
L2
Meperidine Demerol Approved B
L3 (if used early postpartum)
Methadone Dolophine Approved B L3
Morphine Morphine Approved B L3
Darvocet N,
Propoxyphene Approved C L2
Propacet, Darvon
Anesthesia, Anesthetics [more] [contents]
Halothane Fluothane Approved C L2
Lidocaine Xylocaine Approved C L2
Methohexital Brevital Approved B L3
Thiopental Pentothal Approved C L3
Antacids, GI meds [contents]
Cimetidine (Antacid) Tagamet Approved B L2
Cisapride (GI tract stimulant) Propulsid Approved C L2
Domperidone (used for nausea &
vomiting, stimulates lactation) Motilum Approved - L1
[more]
Antibiotics [contents]
Amoxicillin Larotid, Amoxil Approved B L1
Aztreonam Azactam Approved B L2
Cefadroxil Ultracef, Duricef Approved B L1
Cefazolin Ancef, Kefzol Approved B L1
Cefotaxime Claforan Approved B L2
Cefoxitin Mefoxin Approved B L1
Cefprozil Cefzil Approved C L1
Ceftazidime, Fortaz,
Ceftazidime Approved B L1
Taxidime
Ceftriaxone Rocephin Approved B L2
Ciprofloxacin [more] Cipro Approved C L3
Clindamycin Cleocin Approved B L3
E-Mycin, Ery-tab, L1
Erythromycin Approved B
ERYC, Ilosone L3 early postnatal
Fleroxacin - Approved - NR
Gentamicin Garamycin Approved C L2
Kanamycin Kebecil, Kantrex Approved D L2
Moxalactam Moxam Approved - NR
Nitrofurantoin Macrobid Approved B L2
Ofloxacin Floxin Approved C L2
Penicillin - Approved B L1
Streptomycin Streptomycin Approved D L3
Sulbactam - Approved - NR
Gantrisin, Azo-
Sulfisoxazole Approved C L2
Gantrisin
Achromycin,
Tetracycline Sumycin, Approved D L2
Terramycin
Ticarcillin, Ticar,
Ticarcillin Approved B L1
Timentin
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Proloprim, Trimpex Approved C L3
Anticoagulants [contents]
Bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol) - Approved - NR
Coumadin,
Warfarin Approved D L2
Panwarfin
Anticonvulsants [contents]
Carbamazepine Tegretol, Epitol Approved C L2
Ethosuximide Zarontin Approved C L4
Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1
Phenytoin Dilantin Approved D L2
Depakene,
Valproic acid Approved D L2
Depakote
Antifungals [contents]
Fluconazole [more] Diflucan Approved C L2
Nizoral Shampoo,
Ketoconazole Approved C L2
Nizoral
Antihistamines [more] [contents]
Dexbrompheniramine maleate
- Approved - NR
with d-isoephedrine
Fexofenadine Allegra Approved C L2
Loratadine Claritin Approved B L1
Terfenadine Seldane Approved - NR
Triprolidine Actidil, Actifed Approved C L1
Antivirals [contents]
Acyclovir [more] Zovirax Approved C L2
Alferon N,
Interferon-alpha [more] Approved C L2
Interferon Alpha
Arthritis meds (see also: pain meds) [contents]
Ridaura,
Gold salts Myochrysine, Approved C L5
Solganal
Asthma meds (see also: steroids) [contents]
Dilor, Lufyllin,
Dyphylline Approved C L3
Dyphylline
Terbutaline Bricanyl, Brethine Approved B L2
Aminophylline,
Theophylline Approved C L3
Quibron, Theo-Dur
Contraceptives, Hormones [more] [contents]
Estratab, Permarin,
Estradiol Approved X L3 (may interfere with milk production)
Menest
Clogestone - Approved - NR
Contraceptive pill with Preven, Seasonale,
Approved X L3 (may interfere with milk production)
estrogen/progesterone Norinyl, Norlestin,
 Ortho-Novum,
Ovral, Lunelle
injection, Ortho-
Evra patch, etc.
Norplant, Mirena,
Levonorgestrel Approved X L2
Plan B
Provera, Depo- L1
Medroxyprogesterone Approved D
Provera, Cycrin L4 (if used first 3 days postpartum)
Norethynodrel Enovid Approved X L2
Crinone,
Progesterone Approved - L3
Prometrium
Cough meds [more] [contents]
Codeine Tylenol #3, #4 Approved C L3
Noscapine - Approved - NR
Decongestants [more] [contents]
Sudafed, Halofed, L3 (for acute use)
Pseudoephedrine Approved C
Novafed, Actifed L4 (for chronic use)
Diabetes meds [contents]
Note: Insulin has not been reviewed by the AAP. Pregnancy risk category = B; Lactation risk category = L1.
Tolbutamide Oramide, Orinase Approved D L3
Diarrhea meds [contents]
 Imodium, Pepto
Diarrhea Control,
Maalox
Antidiarrheal
Loperamide Approved B L2
Caplets, Kaopectate
II Caplets,
Immodium
Advanced
** Note: Pepto-Bismol & Kaopectate (bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in both) are not recommended for routine use by
nursing moms, due to the association of salicylates with Reyes syndrome in children. [more]
Diuretics [contents]
Acetazolamide Dazamide, Diamox Approved C L2
Bendroflumethiazide Naturetin Approved D L4 (may inhibit lactation)
Chlorothiazide Hydrodiuril Approved D L3
Chlorthalidone Hygroton Approved D L3
Hydrodiuril,
Hydrochlorothiazide Approved D L2
Esidrix, Oretic
Spironolactone Aldactone Approved D L2
Galactagogues (milk supply) [more] [contents]
Domperidone Motilum Approved - L1
Heart, Blood Pressure meds [contents]
(Antiarrhythmics, Antihypertensives, Cardiac stimulants)
Antiarrhythmics
Disopyramide Norpace, Napamide Approved C L2
Flecainide Tambocor Approved C L3
Mexiletine Mexitil Approved B L2
Procainamide Pronestyl, Procan Approved C L3
Quinaglute,
Quinidine Approved C L2
Quinidex
Antihypertensives
Captopril Capoten Approved D L3 (if used after 30 days)
Cardizem Sr,
Dilacor-XR,
Diltiazem/Diltiazem HCL Approved C L3
Diltiazem,
Cardizem CD
C (1st trim.)
Enalapril/Enalapril Maleate Vasotec Approved D (2nd, 3rd L2
trim.)
Hydralazine Apresoline Approved C L2
Trandate,
Labetalol Approved C L2
Normodyne
Methyldopa Aldomet Approved C L2
 Toprol XL,
Metoprolol Approved B L3
Lopressor
Loniten, Minodyl, L2(topically)
Minoxidil Approved C
Rogaine L3 (orally)
Nadolol Corgard, Nadolol Approved C L4
Nifedipine Adalat, Procardia Approved C L2
Apsolox, Slow-
Oxprenolol Approved - NR
Trasicor, Trasicor
Propranolol Inderol Approved C L2
Sotalol Betapace Approved B L3
Timolol Blocadren Approved C L2
Calan, Isoptin,
Verapamil Approved C L2
Covera-HS
Cardiac stimulants
Lanoxin,
Digoxin Approved C L2
Lanoxicaps
Laxatives [more] [contents]
Cascara/Cascara Sagrada - Approved C L3
Danthron - Approved - NR
Magnesium sulfate Epsom salt Approved B L1
Senna - Approved - L3
Malaria meds [contents]
Aralen, Novo-
Chloroquine Approved C L3
chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil Approved C L2
Pyrimethamine Daraprim Approved C L4
Quinine Quinamm Approved D L2
Medical Testing [more] [contents]
Diatrizoate - Approved - NR
Fluorescein - Approved C L3
Gadopentetic (Gadolinium) - Approved C L2
Iohexol Omnipaque Approved B L2
Iopanoic acid Telepaque Approved D L2
Metrizamide Amipaque Approved B L2
Metrizoate Isopaque Approved B L2
Migraine meds (see also: pain meds) [more] [contents]
Sumatriptan Imitrex Approved C L3
Sedatives [more] [contents]
Chloral hydrate Aquachloral, Noctec Approved C L3
Methyprylon (withdrawn from
- Approved - NR
use in US & Canada)
Bromide - Approved D L5
Secobarbital Seconal Approved D L3
Sleep Aids [contents]
Zolpidem/Zolpidem Tartrate Ambien Approved B L3
Steroids [contents]
Methylprednisolone
Solu-Medrol, Depo-
[ high dosage Approved C L2
Medrol, Medrol
methylprednisolone]
Prednisolone - Approved C L2
Deltasone,
Prednisone Approved C L2
Meticorten, Orasone
Thyroid meds [more] [contents]
Carbimazole - Approved D L3
Methimazole (active metabolite
Tapazole Approved D L3
of carbimazole)
Propylthiouracil PTU Approved D L2
Thiouracil - Approved - NR
Synthroid,
Levothroid,
Levothyroxine Approved A L1
Thyroid, Levo-T,
Levoxyl
Tuberculosis meds [contents]
Cycloserine Seromycin Approved C L3
Ethambutol,
Ethambutol Approved B L2
Myambutol
Isoniazid INH, Laniazid Approved C L3
Rifampin Rifadin, Rimactane Approved C L2
Vitamins [more] [contents]
B-1 (thiamin) - Approved - NR
B-12 (Cyanocobalamin) - Approved A L1
B-6 (pyridoxine) - Approved A L2; L4 in high doses (may inhibit lactation)
D, vitamin Calciferol, Delta-d Approved A L3 (do not overdose)
A (1st, 2nd
trim.)
Folic acid - Approved L1
C (3rd
trim.)
K-1, vitamin (Phytonadione) - Approved C L1
Riboflavin/B2 - Approved A L1
Miscellaneous [contents]
Acitretin (Anti-psoriasis) Soriatane Approved - NR
Alcohol/Ethanol [more] - Approved D L3
Allopurinol Zyloprim, Lopurin Approved C L2
Antimony - Approved - NR
Atropine (Anticholinergic, drying Belladonna,
Approved C L3
agent) Atropine
Azapropazone/apazone
Rheumox Approved - L2
(Antirheumatic)
Baclofen (muscle relaxant) Lioresal, Atrofen Approved C L2
Barbiturate - Approved - NR
Vivarin, NoDoz,
Caffeine [more] Approved B L2
Coffee
Carbetocin (Antihemorrhagic) Duratocin Approved - NR
Chloroform - Approved - NR
Cisplatin (Anti-cancer) Platinol Approved D L4
Dapsone (Antileprosy) Avlosulfon, DDS Approved C L4
Hydroxychloroquine
Plaquenil Approved C L2
(Antirheumatic, lupus)
Iodides - Approved - NR
Iodine - Approved - NR
Iodine (povidone-iodine, eg, in a
- Approved - NR
vaginal douche)
Ivermectin (Antiparasitic) Mectizan Approved C L3
Nalidixic acid (Urinary Anti- NegGram Approved B L4
infective)
Norsteroids - Approved - NR
Pyridostigmine (Muscle
Mestinon, Regonol Approved C L2
stimulant)
Scopolamine (Motion sickness) Transderm Scope Approved C L3
Sulfapyridine Dagenan Approved - NR
Timolol (glaucoma med) Blocadren Approved D L3