Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Wildfire 4.0
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T2178-360-01
subsidiary companies (collectively “PTC”), and their respective licensors. This software
is provided under written license agreement, contains valuable trade secrets and
proprietary information, and is protected by the copyright laws of the United States and
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other countries. It may not be copied or distributed in any form or medium, disclosed to
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User and training guides and related documentation from PTC is subject to the copyright
laws of the United States and other countries and is provided under a license agreement
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that restricts copying, disclosure, and use of such documentation. PTC hereby grants to
the licensed software user the right to make copies in printed form of this documentation
if provided on software media, but only for internal/personal use and in accordance
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made shall include the PTC copyright notice and any other proprietary notice provided
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any form, including electronic media, or transmitted or made publicly available by any
means without the prior written consent of PTC and no authorization is granted to make
copies for such purposes.
Information described herein is furnished for general information only, is subject to
change without notice, and should not be construed as a warranty or commitment by
PTC. PTC assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may
appear in this document.
For Important Copyright, Trademark, Patent and Licensing Information see
backside of this guide.
About PTC University
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• Flexible Delivery Options – PTC University ensures you receive the same
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quality training programs regardless of the learning style. Our extensive
experience, innovative learning techniques, and targeted learning modules
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facilitate the rapid retention of concepts, and higher user productivity.
• Premier Content and Expertise – A thorough instructor certification process
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and direct access to the PTC product development and PTC consulting
organizations means that only PTC courses can give you highly-qualified
instructors, the most up-to-date product information and best practices
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derived from thousands of deployments.
• Global Focus – PTC University delivers training where and when you
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need it by providing over 100 training centers located across 35 countries
offering content in nine languages.
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post-classroom tools.
• Pro/FICIENCY - This Web-based, skills assessment and
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• Please refer to http://www.ptc.com/services/training/contact.htm for contact
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In addition, you can access the PTC Web site at www.ptc.com. Our Web
site contains the latest training schedules, registration information, directions
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to training facilities, and course descriptions. You can also reach technical
support, and register for online service options such as knowledge base
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searches, reference libraries and documentation. You can also find general
information about PTC, PTC Products, Consulting Services, Customer
Support, and PTC Partners.
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Precision Learning
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• These key concepts are then reinforced by seeing them applied in the
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software application.
• You then apply the concepts through structured exercises.
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After the course, a Pro/FICIENCY assessment is provided in order for you to
assess your understanding of the materials. The assessment results will also
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identify the class topics that require further review.
At the end of the class, you will either take a Pro/FICIENCY assessment via
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your PTC University eLearning account, or your instructor will provide training
on how to do this after the class.
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Each student that enrolls in a PTC class has a PTC University eLearning
account. This account will be automatically created if you do not already
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have one.
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Please note that Web-based training may not be available in all languages.
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The Web-based training is available in your account for one year after the
live class.
Precision Learning Recommendations
PTC uses a role-based training approach. The roles and the associated
training are graphically displayed in a curriculum map. Curriculum maps are
available for numerous PTC products and versions in the training section of
our Web site at http://www.ptc.com/services/edserv/learning/paths/index.htm.
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Please note that a localized map may not be available in every language and
that the map above is partial and for illustration purposes only.
Before the end of the class, your instructor will review the map
corresponding to the course you are taking. This review, along with instructor
recommendations, should give you some ideas for additional training that
corresponds to your role and job functions.
For Students: How to Use this Course Handbook
Guide Layout
The information in this guide is organized as topics to aid students in finding
information after the class is complete. Each topic is divided into the following
sections:
• Concept — This section contains the initial introduction to the topic and is
presented during the class lecture.
• Theory — This section provides detailed information introduced in the
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Concept.
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• Procedure — This section provides step-by-step instructions on how to
complete the topic within Pro/ENGINEER. Procedures are short, focused,
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and simple exercises that cover the specific topics to which they apply.
Procedures are found in this Student Handbook only. Not every topic has a
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Procedure as there are knowledge topics that can not be exercised.
• Exercise — Exercises are longer than procedures, and may cover multiple
topics, so not every topic will have an associated exercise. Exercises are
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typically more involved and use more complicated models. Exercises are
found in the printed Exercise Guide and the online exercise HTML files.
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Additionally, topics are organized into modules. Except for the first module,
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introduced to the generic high-level processes used during the course and
after the course is completed.
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To make the exercises and procedures (referred to collectively as labs for the
remainder of this section) as concise as possible, each begins with a header.
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The header lists the name of the lab and a brief scenario. The header lists
the working directory, the file you are to open, and the initial datum display.
An example of a Procedure is shown below, but Exercises follow the same
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general rules:
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Displayed icon and click OK. These icons have been added to the
left side of the main toolbar.
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4. Folder Name — This is the working directory for the lab. Lab files are
stored on a module by module basis. Within each module, you will find
subdirectories for each lab. In this example, Extrude_Features is the
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working directory. To set the working directory, select the folder from
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Training Agenda
Day 1
Module 01 ― Introduction to the Freeform Surface Modeling Process
Module 02 ― Understanding Freeform Surface Modeling Concepts
Module 03 ― Creating Initial Freeform Curves
Module 04 ― Developing Freeform Surface Models
Day 2
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Module 05 ― Advanced Tools and Techniques for Defining Freeform
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Shapes
Module 06 ― Creating Smooth Freeform Surface Models
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Module 07 ― Integrating Style and Parametric Features
Module 08 ― Techniques for Creating Common Detailed Shapes
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Module 09 ― Creating Complex, High Quality Freeform Models
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Table of Contents
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Combining Freeform and Parametric Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
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Typical Pro/ENGINEER Freeform Modeling Process . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Understanding Freeform Surface Modeling Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
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Understanding the Style Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Understanding Style Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
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Understanding the Style Modeling Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Using Style Tool Shortcut Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
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Using Style Tool Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
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Understanding Active Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Understanding the Style Tool 4-View Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
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Manipulating Shapes using Internal Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
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Creating Radial Path Planar Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Copying Curves Proportionally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
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Modifying Curve Shapes Proportionally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Unlinking Style Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
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Making Curves Planar Between Endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Editing Style Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
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Resolving Failed Style Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
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Creating Smooth Freeform Surface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Understanding Curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
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Instructor Preface
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Module Overview
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Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 is designed for users
who want to create models with freeform shapes, contours, and curvatures
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that do not have to be constrained by dimensions, parameters, or references.
Freeform surface models are created using the Interactive Surface Design
Extension (ISDX) modeling environment within the Style tool.
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create, modify, and analyze freeform curves and surface features in this
comprehensive, hands-on course. You also teach the students how to create
complex freeform shapes, maintain smooth freeform models, and integrate
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As the instructor, your goal is to deliver the highest quality course possible. In
this module, you learn the design intent that the course developers had in
mind when writing the course. This includes notes on how to best present the
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module durations and other recommendations that are included have been
benchmarked during the testing of this course.
Objectives
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© 2008 PTC P. i
Software Versions Used
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 — F000
Licenses Required
Note that you will need Pro/ASSEMBLY, Pro/FEATURE, Pro/SURFACE, and
Interactive_Surface_Design.
Instructor Materials
Before teaching this course, you must read and thoroughly understand the
following materials:
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1. Applicable Help Documentation
Review Online Help documentation by selecting the Help Center
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menu option from the Help drop-down menu within Pro/ENGINEER
Wildfire 4.0. Select Surfacing as the functional area and then select
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Freeform Surfacing (ISDX) as the module review in the Online Help
documentation.
2. Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
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Review the Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
(T2178) training material located in the New! PTC Customer Education
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& Knowledge project in Windchill ProjectLink.
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P. ii © 2008 PTC
Recommended Course Delivery Schedule
It is recommended that the course be run with the approximate times shown.
Delivery Knowledge
Day Module Lecture Demo Exercise
Times Check
1 Course 9:00 –
Intro 9:15 am
Module 9:15 – 10 min 15 min 30 min 5 min
1 10:15
am
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Module 10:15 – 10 min 5 min 10 min 5 min
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2 10:45
am
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Module 10:45 – 30 min 60 min
3 12:15
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pm
Lunch 12:15 –
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1:15 pm
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Module 1:15 – 85 min 5 min
3 2:45 pm
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Pro/FI- 4:40 –
CIENCY 5:00 pm
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Lunch 12:00 –
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1:00 pm
Module 1:00 – 10 min 10 min 45 min 5 min
7 2:10 pm
Module 2:10 – 10 min 15 min 45 min 5 min
8 3:25 pm
Module 3:25 – 10 min 15 min 45 min 5 min
9 4:40 pm
Pro/FI- 4:40 –
CIENCY 5:00 pm
Keep the following in mind when using the course delivery schedule.
Successful delivery of the course requires careful time management.
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significantly by the end of the day. However, provide students with the full
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time allocated for labs since students would want to complete all tasks
in the lab exercises.
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• Course Introduction — Use this time to do introductions with the students.
Let the students familiarize themselves with the layout of the classroom
and building facilities. Give an overview of the course content and explain
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how the course fits in a role-based curriculum. Assure them that they will
learn a lot by the end of the course. Also make sure that the students have
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completed the prerequisites before taking this course.
• Lunch — Ensure that the lunch break does not exceed 1 hour. The
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students are free to work on additional lab exercises or review previous
modules during lunch time.
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to the students that they can take notes in the Lecture Notes page at the
beginning of the module.
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Inform the students that the slides and reference material used by
the instructor are provided in each module in the training guide. It is
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valuable insights and additional tips on the topics covered in each module.
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Make sure that you review the Pro/FICIENCY questions at the end of each
module as part of the knowledge check process.
Also, do not hesitate to recommend that students should watch and listen
to the demonstration, without flipping through the guide. This is important
because you will be demonstrating and explaining the key concepts of the
module. Remind students that they have a copy of the demonstration - the
lab exercises in their training guide. Additional exercises, tasks, and optional
exercises are also included in most modules.
In addition, keep students’ attention to your lectures and demonstrations by
discouraging them to use the computers during your delivery of material. If
the classroom layout does not permit for separate lecture and lab spaces,
P. iv © 2008 PTC
have the students turn off their monitors (or close laptop screens) before
starting each module.
Remember that students learn better by the following approach:
Tell them (Lecture), show them (demo), and let them do it (lab).
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Discuss what each topic is and why it is important. You can do so by
expanding on the bulleted items in the lecture slides and detailing how they
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relate to the figures in the slides. You should NOT be reading the reference
notes under the slides to the students.
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Encourage students to ask questions, but do not hesitate to ask them to
hold their question until the demonstration if you can answer their question
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more effectively. Also, answer advanced or off-topic questions for a particular
student during lab time. U
Furthermore, you should NOT spend time on details, such as menu picks.
Save the detailed explanations for the demonstration or you will waste time
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by telling students the same thing more than once.
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The time durations have been allocated so that at least 95% of all students will
finish all the lab exercises, including the project. If you stick to these times,
you will be able to deliver the course according to schedule. Assure them that
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the course is designed so that they can complete it according to the schedule.
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Finally, practice your lectures several times so that you can deliver them with
a smooth flow. If you keep in mind that you are briefly describing topics, and
are NOT delivering all the reference material for the slides, then you should
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how to perform a task and reinforce why the task is important. It is during
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the demonstration that students learn the menu picks and steps required to
complete various tasks. Do NOT skip the demonstrations to give students
more time for lab exercises. Effective demonstrations enable students to
complete their lab exercises with greater ease.
While performing the demonstrations, you should explain the clicks and
selections that you make and why they are important. For example, it is
important that students understand why certain steps are used to complete a
task. It is also important to explain the design intent of all tasks.
It is critical that you practice the demonstrations so that you can complete
them within the allocated time. The times allocated for demonstrations in
each module are reasonable for well-practiced demonstrations.
© 2008 PTC P. v
Also, do not hesitate to answer advanced or off-topic questions for a particular
student during lab time. Answering these types of questions in front of the
group can easily take an additional 5-10 minutes.
Remember that students learn more by completing the exercises
themselves rather than watching lengthy demonstrations.
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Download and install the lab files and desktop exercises for the class on each
student workstation. The zip archives can be found in the NEW! Customer
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Education & Knowledge project in ProjectLink.
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Be sure that C:\users\student\Freeform_WF4 class directory is set as the
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 startup directory in all the student workstations.
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The desktop exercises are organized with a launch page (index.htm) that is
found in the T2178_360_HTML folder. Load this page for each student prior
to the class, and ensure that it is open at the beginning of each day. You
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should also create a desktop shortcut to T2178_360_HTML\index.htm and
name it Freeform Exercises.
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Students will launch the HTML version of the procedures, exercises, and
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projects by selecting the links on this page. Each time a link is selected, the
student is taken to the appropriate lab. On the lab page, the student can click
the Return to Exercises link, which takes them to back to the main page,
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or the Mark Complete and Return link, which takes them back to the main
page and displays a check mark next to the link, indicating completion.
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When you complete the course, click the Clear Checks button at
the bottom of each student’s desktop HTML page. This will delete
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the cookies that are stored for indicating completed links. Note that
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this does not reset the actual Pro/ENGINEER lab files. The lab files
must be deleted and extracted again from the zip archive.
Ensure that ALL students progress through the labs by continually walking
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around and helping them. It is a fact that most students will try a task a few
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times before asking for help. It is also a fact that students are much more
inclined to ask a question when you are casually walking around the room. In
addition, many students lose sight of the task at hand while trying to follow
picks and clicks in the lab exercises. Identify the areas where students seem
to be struggling and give extra help to resolve the problematic areas. Do
NOT spend lab time preparing for the next module, checking your e-mail, or
surfing the Internet. Complete your preparations before or after class hours,
if necessary.
As the instructor, it is critical that you emphasize the real-world
importance of the tasks students perform in the lab exercises. You
should explain to students why they need to know certain features,
functions, and options, and why they are important.
P. vi © 2008 PTC
Start the lectures in a timely manner and refer to the delivery schedule for
time recommendations. Give the class a 5 minute warning near the end of
each lab, and then start the next lecture promptly.
Remember, students learn the most by successfully completing the
lab exercises. As the instructor, it is up to you to facilitate the lab
exercises properly to ensure their success.
Build Code(s)
Title/Version Build
F000
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Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
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Summary
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After successfully completing this module, you should know how to:
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• Deliver the course on schedule.
• Instruct students on how to use the course materials.
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• Deliver lectures using the course content.
• Deliver the demonstrations using the course content.
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• Facilitate lab exercises.
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© 2008 PTC
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Module 1
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Introduction to the Freeform Surface
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Modeling Process
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Module Overview U
This module is an overview of the freeform surface modeling and the surface
modeling paradigms used within Pro/ENGINEER. You also learn how,
in Pro/ENGINEER, you can combine freeform surfacing with parametric
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modeling to create styled models that contain engineered detail and precision.
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Finally, you learn about the freeform modeling process typically used within
Pro/ENGINEER. This simplified process is used at most companies, although
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Objectives
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• Models requiring tangent or curvature
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continuity.
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Motorcycle Helmet
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features.
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• Driven by intuition and feel
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• Aesthetic requirements
Select either method, based on:
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Inner Door Panel
• Design input
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• Design intent
• Designer’s background U
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Pro/ENGINEER.
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parametric framework and relations.
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Ring Model
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• For example, while designing jewelry you may use freeform surface
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1. Creating a Design Framework 2. Creating Style Features
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that defines key characteristics of your design. You can use a framework to
define overall size, the location of attachments, design limits, and so on. The
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framework can include datum features, copied geometry, imported 3-D data,
or even images of conceptual sketches.
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Scenario
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You have taken over the design of a cover model that was started by a
colleague at your company. This component is part of a user interface so it
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must be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
The framework of the model contains functional information including
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attachment locations and overall size. You will add an additional feature
to the existing framework. You will then use the style curves to create a
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styled surface that defines the look and feel of the cover. You will add
detailed geometry to the model by creating standard parametric features that
reference the styled surface.
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After the initial phase of the design has been completed, you refine the design
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by making edits to both the style and parametric features of the model.
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the curve, as shown.
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• Select the Properties tab.
Edit the name to Center and
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click OK.
The datum planes and sketch features that make up the framework
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of this model will be referenced by both the style and parametric
features used to further define the model.
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Step 2: Create a styled surface using the Style tool.
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Definition.
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Step 3: Add parametric features to further define the model.
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Mirror Tool .
• In the model tree, select
FRONT as the mirror plane.
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6. Remove material to form four
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access holes.
• In the model tree, select
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Sketch 2.
• Click Extrude Tool .
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• In the dashboard, edit the
depth from Specified Depth U
to Through All .
• Click Remove Material .
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6. Edit the style surface and add the new curve to its definition.
• In the style tree, select the surface feature, right-click and click
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Edit Definition.
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surface.
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Notice how the internal curve has influenced the shape of the
surface.
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Orientation.
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• Right-click the curve and
select Add Midpoint.
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• Right-click the curve, just
above this first midpoint and
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select Add Midpoint.
• Right-click the curve just U
below the first midpoint and
select Add Midpoint.
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the curve.
• Right-click the tangent handle
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angle value to – 3.
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type 1 for the scale and press
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ENTER.
• In the lower left of the
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Curvature dialog box, select
Saved from the drop-down
list.
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• Click Accept from the
Curvature dialog box.
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• Press CTRL + D.
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• In the lower-right view, refine the shape of the curve using the
curvature plot as a guide. Observe the shape of the surface
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surface.
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Curvature dialog box, select
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Saved from the drop-down
list.
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• Click Accept from the
Reflection dialog box.
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2. Edit the initial design framework.
• In the model tree, right-click Sketch 1 and select Edit.
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• Double-click the 40 dimension, edit it to 55 and press ENTER.
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• Click Regenerate Model to update the geometry.
• Click Analysis > Delete All > Delete All.
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3. Click Save from the main toolbar and OK from the Save Object
dialog box.
4. Click Close Window from the main toolbar at the top of the
interface to close the window containing COVER.PRT.
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Understanding Freeform Surface Modeling
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Concepts
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Module Overview U
In this module, you learn basic concepts of the Style tool, features, and the
modeling environment. You also learn to work more efficiently within the
environment using shortcut menus and keyboard-mouse combinations.
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You will learn to use the Active plane and 4-view layout, both concepts unique
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to the style modeling environment. Finally, you learn about preferences that
you can set to customize the working environment.
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Objectives
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Flashlight Concept 1
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The Style tool provides a feature set that enables you to interactively and
intuitively manipulate curves and surfaces to easily visualize and create
freeform design models.
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• You can drag and manipulate curves while the surfaces update dynamically.
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design models.
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Create Style Surface Features
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• Use style curves or other curves/edges. Shape Visually
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The Style tool enables you to create style features in a special modeling
environment within Pro/ENGINEER. The environment has specific drop-down
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Modeling Interface
• Styling menu
• Toolbars
• Shortcut menus
• Shortcut keys
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• Style tree
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Views and Orientation
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• View layouts
• Active plane
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• View orientations
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Style Environment
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• Style also activates menu options within the standard drop-down menus
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Shortcut menus within the Style tool are context sensitive. While performing
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Shortcut Menus
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The images above are provided for reference. There are difference
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dragging. and vertical drag.
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• CTRL + SHIFT: Move by dragging. • ALT: Drag tangent length.
Surface Create/Edit • CTRL + ALT: Drag tangent
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angle.
• CTRL: Add curves to selection.
• SHIFT: Add curve to chain.
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Style Tool Key Combinations – Theory
Pro/ENGINEER uses several keyboard-mouse combinations within its
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combinations that you can use when creating or editing a style feature.
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Selections
• Double-click – When editing the definition of a style feature, double-clicking
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a curve or surface in the feature will enable you to edit its definition.
The alternative method is to select the entity, right-click, and select Edit
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Surface Create/Edit
• CTRL – Press CTRL to select multiple curves as surface references.
• SHIFT– Press SHIFT to add a curve to a chain of curves defining a surface.
Curve Create/Edit
• SHIFT – Snap to existing geometry. When you press the SHIFT key and
click, the cursor is followed by a snap cursor when creating or moving a
curve point. If you do not press the SHIFT key, snapping is disabled.
• ALT – When you press the ALT key, a curve point can only be dragged in a
direction normal to the active plane.
• SHIFT + ALT– You can add points to extend a curve by pressing SHIFT +
ALT and clicking at either end of the curve.
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Default Active Plane
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When you define style curves, the points are projected onto the current
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Any datum plane or planar surface can be set as the active plane.
• The active plane is displayed with a grid.
Style enables you to assign different active planes while creating or editing
curves, and without exiting the Curve dialog box.
4-View Layout
Resize
Switching
Style Orientations
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Active Plane
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Zooming
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U 4-View Layout
In a 4-view layout, the system displays the top view in the upper-left window,
the front view in the lower-left window, and the right side view in the
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• You can drag the sidebars or the central intersection of the four windows
to resize them.
• To restore the default layout, you double-click the central intersection.
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• The active plane orientation is particularly useful in manipulating curves
and points that have been aligned to a plane other than the default plane.
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Zooming, Panning, or Rotating the Views in a 4-view Layout
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• In a 4-view layout, you position the cursor over the chosen window and use
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the standard zoom, pan, or rotate commands.
• To reset a view in a 4-view layout, you position the cursor over the desired
view window, right-click, and select Default Orientation or Active Plane
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Orientation.
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4-View 4view_flash.prt
Task 1: Start the Style tool and start the 4-view layout.
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1. In the model tree, select Style 2, right-click and select Edit Definition.
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2. In the main toolbar, click Show All Views to start the 4-view
layout.
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3. Click and drag the horizontal and vertical sashes to resize the
windows.
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4. Click and drag the intersection of the sashes to resize all four
windows. U
5. Double-click the intersection of the sashes to reset the 4-view window
sizes.
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2. Click View > Show Next View to show the right side view.
3. Click View > Show Next View three more times to toggle through the
front and top views before returning to the default view.
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1. In the model tree, select Style 1, right-click and select Edit Definition.
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• Surface Mesh
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• Quality
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Styling Preferences
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You can define preferences for display, curvature plots, and surface mesh
using the Style tool. Click Styling > Preferences to open the Styling
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• Display - Use the Grid option to display the grid for ease of modeling.
• Auto Regenerate
– Curves – When enabled, the child curves are automatically regenerated.
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Creating Initial Freeform Curves
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Module Overview
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In this module, you learn basic concepts of creating and editing style
points and curves. You also learn how to analyze the curves you create
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for curvature.
Finally, you learn to reference images, imported data, and design models
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Objectives
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• Offset curves.
• Modify curves in the 4-view layout.
• Analyze curves.
• Reference images in a design.
• Use imported 3-D data in a design.
• Use references from design models.
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Surface Boundaries
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a curve.
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• As boundaries for freeform style surfaces such as loft and blended surfaces.
• As references for the creation of parametric features.
• As sections and trajectories for parametric features such as the sweep,
swept blend, and variable section sweep.
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Style Curve Types
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• Free
• Planar
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• Curve on a Surface (COS)
• Curve from a Surface Three Internal Points
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Style curves are splines drawn through two or more points. A set of internal
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Planar - You use the Planar option in the Curve dashboard to create a planar
curve. The planar curve is attached to the active plane and all points are
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placed on that plane.
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• Offsetting an Active Plane – While creating a planar curve, you can offset
the active plane by entering the offset value in the dashboard.
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You can convert planar curves to free curves and visa versa, using
Edit Definition. U
Curve on a Surface (COS) – You can create a COS curve by manually
specifying the points through which you want the curve to pass on a surface,
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Curve from Surface – You can create a free or COS curve by offsetting
an existing curve along a surface.
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enables you to drag and manipulate a curve in any of the views, and
the curve updates dynamically in the other view windows.
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Intro_Curve intro_curve.prt
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1. Start the Style Tool from the feature toolbar.
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Notice that the active plane is now visible on the TOP datum
plane, identified by the brown grid.
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2. Right-click and select Active Plane Orientation.
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3. Right-click and select Curve.
• Click Free in the dashboard if
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necessary.
• Working left to right, from the
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center of the model, select
locations for four points, as
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shown.
• Click Complete Feature .
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4. With the curve still selected, right-click and select Edit Definition.
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5. Spin the model and notice that the four points and resulting curve
were placed on the active plane.
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7. Select the point shown and drag it upward, off of the active plane.
8. Spin the model to notice that the free curve you initially created in 2-D
curve is now a 3-D curve.
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Note the gray “ghost” curve visible when spinning the model is the
shape of the original curve prior to your edits. This ghost display
will be removed when the curve is completed or by clearing the
Show Original check box in the dashboard.
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5. Right-click and select Default
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Orientation.
6. Right-click and select Active
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Plane Orientation.
7. Click Plane Display to U
disable their display.
8. Select and move the points, as
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shown.
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Shapes
• Circles
• Arcs
Options
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• Free/Planar
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• Radius value
Resulting Curve
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Sketched Circle and Resulting Spline
• Spline Curve
• Edit the Curve
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to create exact arc or circle geometry without having to exit the Style tool.
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Options
You can create arc and circle geometry within the Style tool. You can create
arcs and circles as either free or planar curves. You can also specify the
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radius value as well as the angles of the endpoints for arcs. In addition, you
can snap the centers or endpoints to existing geometry.
Resulting Curve
The resulting curve is created as a spline curve. It matches the exact circle
or arc shape, and you can manipulate it using the Edit Curve tools like any
other style curve.
In the image shown, circular curves are used to create a recess for buttons
on the display cover model.
Circ_Arc circ_arc.prt
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1. Start the Style Tool from the feature toolbar.
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2. Click Create Circles from
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the curve flyout in the style
toolbar.
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• Right-click and select Active
Plane Orientation.
• Click Planar in the dashboard
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if necessary.
• Select the References tab
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• Edit the end angle to 180, if necessary.
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• Click Complete Feature .
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Orientation.
5. With the curve still selected,
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Datum Features
• Axes
• Points
• Curves
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• Planes
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Internal Datum Planes
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• Internal to the style feature.
• Visible only in the style feature. Creating Internal Datum Planes
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You create datum planes from within the Style tool that are either internal or
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external to the style feature being created. However, you create datum axes,
points, and curves external to the style feature.
The Style tool enables you to create any type of datum feature, such
as axes, points, curves, and datum planes. Once created, these datum
features appear before the current style feature in the model tree and can
be referenced by the style feature. You can edit these features outside
of the Style tool.
Point Types
• Free Points
• Constrained Points
Attaching Points
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• Use SHIFT
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• Use Snap
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Fixed Endpoints and Free Mid-Point
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To create a spline-type curve, you need to define at least two style points.
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Point Types
There are two general types of style points, free and constrained.
• Free Point - A point lying in space that is not connected to any other entity.
• Constrained Points:
– Soft Point- You attach a style curve to style curves, datum curves, solid
and surface edges, surfaces, and datum planes by snapping a point to
these entities. This creates a soft point. Soft points attached to different
entities are represented differently. A hollow circle represents a soft
point attached to a curve or an edge, and a hollow square represents a
soft point attached to a surface or datum plane.
Attaching Points
You can attach points to existing model geometry using one of two methods:
• Pressing SHIFT and dragging the point to the entity on which you want to
attach the point.
• Activating the Snap option from the Styling menu and then dragging the
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point to the entity on which you want to attach the point.
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Style_Pnts style_pnts.prt
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2. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and then select RIGHT.
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3. Right-click and select Curve.
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• Click Free from the dashboard,
if necessary.
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• Press SHIFT to snap the start
point to the closest curve. U
• Select a point location
approximately in the center of
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the model, as shown.
• Press SHIFT to snap the end
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Notice the circles at each end of the curve, signifying the soft
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Definition.
5. Select and drag each endpoint
along the curve it is attached to.
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The “X” symbol now at each end of the curve signifies that the
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points are now fixed points. They are located at the intersection
of the curves and datum plane RIGHT.
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Task 3: Create a curve with fixed and soft endpoints, then add a mid-point.
as shown.
• Press SHIFT to snap the end
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to Point.
4. Right-click the curve and select
Add Midpoint.
5. Click and drag the far endpoint
along the curve.
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Show Original Option
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Dragging Control Points
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Dragging Points
You can use the following options to drag the points.
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• Default – Dragging curve points enables you to modify the curve shape.
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• Control points – Dragging control points enables you to modify the curve
shape.
• Multiple points – You can select many points on a single curve or multiple
curves to modify their location.
Controlling Numerically
You can change the location of a free point by changing the coordinates.
However, you cannot numerically modify the location of a soft point or a fixed
point.
Constraining Movement
By default, unattached points move freely. You can constrain the movement
using the Free (Default), Horizontal/Vertical or Normal options.
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Man_Pnts man_pnts.prt
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2. In the style tree, select curve
CF-26, right-click, and select
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Edit Definition.
• Right-click the curve and
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select Add Point.
• With the new point still
selected, select the Point tab.
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• Edit the Y coordinate value to
0 and press ENTER.
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ENTER.
4. Select the bottom endpoint in
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the curve.
• Edit the Soft Point, Offset
from Plane value to – 175 and
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press ENTER.
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• Press CTRL + ALT and drag
the three points to the right, as
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shown.
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Pressing CTRL + ALT when dragging points locks their
movement in either the vertical or horizontal directions.
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2. In the dashboard, click Control
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Points.
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• Drag the control points to
shape the top and bottom of
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Orientation.
4. Click Complete Feature .
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control points.
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• Click Done .
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This completes the procedure.
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Editing Tangents
• Direct Manipulation
Constraining Tangents
• Natural
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• Free
Tangent Handle with Default Tangency
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• Fix Angle
• Horizontal
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• Vertical
• Normal
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• Align
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Drag Tangent Handle to Edit Tangency
To change the shape of a curve, you can manipulate the length and direction
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Constraining Tangents
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You can constrain the free endpoint tangents using the following options:
• Natural – System-defined length and angle of the tangent.
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• Fix Angle – Determines the current direction, but you are able to change
the length by dragging.
• Horizontal – Sets the current direction to horizontal, relative to the grid
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• Vertical – Sets the current direction to vertical, relative to the grid of the
active datum plane.
• Normal – Sets the current direction to be perpendicular to a reference
datum plane.
• Align – Sets the current direction to a reference location on a selected
curve.
• Symmetric – Sets the tangents of two adjoining curves to be the average
of the tangents at the end points.
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Edit_Tan edit_tan.prt
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select Edit Definition.
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2. In the Style tree, select curve
CF-54, right-click, and select
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Edit Definition.
• Click each endpoint and
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drag the tangent handles, as
shown. U
• Right-click and select Active
Plane Orientation.
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handle, select Normal, and
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select RIGHT as the normal
reference.
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3. Select the endpoint on the left.
• Right-click the tangent handle
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and select Horizontal.
• Select the Tangent tab, if
necessary.
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• Edit the Length value to 20.
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• Click Complete Feature .
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• Click Done .
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This completes the procedure.
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• Lock to Point
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Editing Location by Length
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or Length Ratio
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When you move a soft point, it moves along the entity to which it is attached.
You can slide a soft point along its reference geometry during curve edits.
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When you move a soft endpoint that has the tangency condition set, it does
not change the condition even if the location is changed.
Locating Soft Points
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The location of the soft point changes when you edit the parent entity. By
default, this is controlled by the property parameter, which maintains the
position of the point by keeping its parameter along the curve constant.
You may control the location of a soft point using the following options:
• Length – Location is determined from the beginning of the referenced
curve to the point.
• Length Ratio – Location is determined using a ratio of the distance of the
point from the beginning of the curve to the total length of the curve. For
example, a ratio of 0.25 is 25% along the length of curve.
• Parameter – Maintains the position of the point by keeping a consistent
parameter along the curve.
• Offset From Plane – Determines the position of the point by intersecting
the parent curve with a plane at a given offset from a datum plane.
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Edit_Soft edit_soft.prt
Task 1: Edit the location of endpoints using the Length Ratio option.
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2. In the style tree, select curve
CF-9, right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
• Select the endpoint closest to
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you.
• Select the Point tab.
• Edit the Soft Point, Length
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Ratio to 1.
• Select the endpoint farthest
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from you.
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Notice the value 80.530185 is placed in the value field, this is the
full length of the curve. A length of 100 is not possible because the
curve is only 80.530185 mm long.
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Task 4: Edit the location of an endpoint using the Lock to Point option.
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1. Select farthest point and edit the
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Soft Point, Length value to 75
and press ENTER. U
2. Right-click that same point and
select Lock to Point.
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Moving Points
Adding and Deleting Points
Splitting and Combining Curves
Extending Curves
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• Free
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• Tangent
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• Curvature Curve Split and Point Added
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One method for editing a curve is to edit the style points that define that
curve. You can move, add, or remove style points to change the curve’s
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definition. You can also edit the curve itself, by splitting it, combining it with
another curve, or extending its length at the ends.
To define the shape of a desired curve, you may need to add or delete points.
• Adding Points – Select a curve and then click the location where you
want to add a point.
• Adding Midpoints – Use the Midpoint option.
• Deleting a Point – Select a curve and then click the point you want to
delete.
Extending Curves
You can extend a curve using the following options.
• Free – Press SHIFT + ALT and click anywhere on the screen to add a new
point. The curve shape is changed to accommodate the new point.
• Tangent – Press SHIFT + ALT and drag the endpoint. For tangent curves,
the curve extends along the original tangent direction.
• Curvature – Press SHIFT + ALT and drag the endpoint. For curvature
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continuous curves, the curve extends while maintaining curvature
continuity.
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Edit_Curve edit_curve.prt
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select Edit Definition.
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2. In the Style tree, select curve
CF-90, right-click, and select
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Edit Definition.
3. Right-click the point shown and
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select Combine.
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Notice the combined curve contains five points and has been
renamed to CF-96.
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Task 2: Add a midpoint to a curve, split it, and drag the intersection.
Edit Definition.
2. Right-click the curve and select
Add Midpoint.
3. Right-click the new point and
select Split.
Notice in the Style tree that curve CF-95 has been replaced with
CF-97 and CF-98.
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press ENTER.
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• Click Complete Feature .
Task 3: Extend a curves using the free and tangent options.
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1. In the Style tree, select curve
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CF-96, right-click, and select
Edit Definition. U
2. Click the right most endpoint of
the curve.
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3. Press SHIFT + ALT and click
just to the right of the endpoint,
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as shown.
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endpoint as shown.
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Notice that the endpoint moves along with the curve attached
to it, leaving an internal point at the old endpoint location. This
is a Tangent extension.
Marquee
Rotation Jack
Copy and Move Curves
• Translate
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• Rotate
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• Scale Translate by Dragging the Marquee
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Use the Move and Copy tools to manipulate curves. You start the tools by
clicking Edit > Copy and Edit > Move. Both tools utilize a marquee box that
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controls the translation, rotation, and scale of the moved or copied curves.
Unlink
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The cleared Unlink check box ensures that all references to the original
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curve are maintained in the new curve. For example, if an endpoint has
a normal tangent condition in the original curve, that condition will also be
maintained in the new curve. If required, select the Unlink check box to
remove any references from the original curve.
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Scale Operation
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Use the handles on the marquee to scale the geometry while copying or
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moving it.
• Drag to Scale – Drag any corner, edge handle, or edge arrow on the
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marquee to scale the geometry.
• Scale by Value – In the Options tab, specify X, Y, and Z values for scaling
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geometry.
• Scale Types – In the dashboard, select one of the following to specify
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the Scale type.
– Center – Scales uniformly around the center of the marquee.
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Alternatively, you can press the SHIFT + ALT keys while dragging the
marquee to scale the geometry uniformly around the center axis.
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Rotation Operation
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Use the rotation jack to rotate the geometry while copying or moving it.
• Drag Rotation – Drag the handles on the ends of the jack to rotate the
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Transformation Types
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Copy_Move copy_move.prt
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2. In the style tree, select curve
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CF-1357.
3. Click Edit > Copy.
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4. Click the Z-axis of the jack and
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drag the curve in any direction
within the window. U
5. Release the wheel button when
complete.
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Notice that the copy does not move along the Z-axis as you may
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the Z-axis.
11. Notice that when you release the
mouse, the move value for Z, in
the Options tab, returns to zero.
12. Clear the Relative check box and drag along the Z-axis again.
13. Edit the Move value for Z to 275 and press ENTER.
Task 2: Scale the copy.
Notice that the curve was scaled with the lower-left corner
locked in position.
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6. In the dashboard, select Center
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from the Scale drop-down list.
7. Click and drag the upper-right
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marquee handle to scale the
copy, as shown.
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8. If necessary, click Option to
open the Option tab.
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9. Edit the move value for Y to 0
and press ENTER.
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2. With the copied curve still selected, right-click and select Edit
Definition.
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Offset Curve
• Direction Reference
• Normal
• Value
• Editing
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Curve Offset Normal to Plane
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distance from the original, existing curve within the Style tool. Click Styling >
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Offset Curve from within the style feature to start the Offset Curve tool.
Offset Direction
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You can offset a curve normal or parallel to a reference. The reference used
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entity.
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Editing Offset Curves
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You cannot edit the shape of an offset curve. You must convert an offset
curve to an independent curve before editing it. Use Edit > Convert to make
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an offset curve independent of its parent curve.
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In
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Off_Curve off_curve.prt
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2. In the style tree, select curve
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OF-1393.
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3. Click Styling > Offset Curve.
4. Drag the offset handle to an
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offset value of 10, if necessary.
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By default, the offset distance is parallel to the TOP datum plane.
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FRONT.
The offset distance is now
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1. With the offset curve selected, right-click and select Edit Definition.
Notice that the shape of the curve cannot be edited, only the
offset values and references.
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editing.
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6. Click Cancel Feature .
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Task 3: Offset a COS curve.
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1. In the style tree, select curve CF-1395.
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This curve was created using the COS option.
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necessary.
The curve is now offset on
the surface it was created
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on.
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Editing in a 4-View Layout
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You can use the 4-view layout option within the Style tool to create and
manipulate style curves and surfaces. When activated, the system creates
front, top, right, and 3-D views of the model. You can re-size each window
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When using the 4-view layout, changes made to style features in one window
display dynamically in the other three windows. This is particularly useful
for creating and manipulating curves in 3-D space, as you see their shape
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In this example, a spline style curve is being edited in 3-D space and you can
see it update simultaneously in all views.
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4-View 4-view.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
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2. In the style tree, select curve CF-1407, right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
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4. In the lower-right view, drag the
tangent handles at each end of
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the curve to adjust the shape, as
shown.
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Notice that with the 4-view layout, it is easy to see how edits
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as shown.
8. Click Complete Feature .
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available when you use the
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Style tool. As soon as you
click Done to exit the
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Style tool, the 4-view layout
is no longer available.
When you restart the Style
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tool, the model will again
appear in the 4-View layout. U
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13. Select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
Notice that the Style tool is still using the 4-view layout.
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Analyzing Curvature
• Curvature plots.
• Using curvature plots:
– Analyze shape.
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– Analyze quality.
• Plot settings.
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Curvature Plot
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You should analyze curves during the modeling process to ensure that
tangency and curvature requirements of your design are maintained.
Curvature Plots
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You can graphically plot the curvature of a curve. The curvature plot displays
normal vectors proportional to the curvature along the length of the curve.
Analysis of curves is important because a distorted curve, unless analyzed,
may appear clean and smooth. You use the curvature plot to:
• Capture the intended shape of a curve.
• Evaluate the curve quality. For a smooth curve, the curvature plot should
be smooth. It should be devoid of unwanted distortions. However, a corner
or crease in the curvature plot does not indicate a crease in the curve, but
displays a sharp change in the curvature.
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Saved Analysis
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You save curvature analyses and reuse them at any point in time. Use the
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following steps to save a curvature analysis:
• Edit the definition of the curve you are analyzing.
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• Click Pause Feature from the dashboard.
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• Click Curvature from the main toolbar.
• Select the curve you are currently editing.
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• In the lower left of the Curvature dialog box, select Saved from the
drop-down list.
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You can hide, un-hide, and delete saved analyses from the Saved Analysis
dialog box, opened by clicking Analysis > Saved Analysis.
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Alternatively, you can click Analysis > Hide All and Analysis > Delete All to
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Best Practices
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You should analyze the curves and surfaces that define your model as they
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are being created. This ensures that your finished model meets all of your
product’s styling requirements.
Analyze analyze.prt
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2. In the style tree, select curve CF-1409, right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
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3. Click Pause Feature from the dashboard.
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4. Click Curvature from the main toolbar.
• Select the curve you are currently editing.
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• In the Curvature dialog box, type – 200 for the scale and press
ENTER.
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• In the lower left of the Curvature dialog box, select Saved from
the drop-down list.
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1. In the style tree, select curve CF-1280, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
2. Click Pause Feature from the dashboard.
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4. Click Resume Feature from
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the dashboard.
5. Drag the inner points to shape
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the curve approximately, as
shown. U
Notice that both curvature
analysis features update as
the curve is being adjusted.
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Task 3: Use the Saved Analysis dialog box to manage saved analyses.
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2. In the dialog box, click Hide Analysis to Hide the first analysis in
the list.
3. Select the second analysis in the list and then click Delete Analysis
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to remove it.
4. Close the Saved Analysis dialog box.
5. Click Done .
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• Use the image as a visual reference when creating curves.
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In a style feature, you can apply images to a specified plane. You can use
images to create style curves by tracing contours or in sketch, when creating
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solid features.
Applying Images
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Once you apply an image, the system provides horizontal and vertical
location bars that assist in defining the image size. The Fit option will then
scale the image to the distance defined between the location bars.
Positioning Images
Once you have fit the image to your model, you position it using the blue jack
locator. Simply drag the jack to a defined location in the image, and then drag
the image and jack to a defined location in the model.
Manipulating Images
You can use the Rotate, Move, and Scale options in the Trace Sketch dialog
box to position and scale the images visually on the screen. You can use the
Transparency option to dynamically manipulate the display of the image on
the screen.
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Ref_Image vap_base.prt
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1. Start the Style Tool from the feature toolbar.
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2. Click Styling > Trace Sketch.
• In the Trace Sketch dialog
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box, click Front.
• Click Working Directory . U
• Double-click Images, select
VAP_FRONT.JPG, and click
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Open.
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3. In the Trace Sketch dialog box, select Horizontal as the Fit option.
4. Type 116 as the value and click Fit to scale the image.
5. Click Properties in the Trace Sketch dialog box, type 10 in the
Transparency field, and press ENTER.
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dashboard, if necessary.
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• Select the References tab in
the dashboard.
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• Type 0 as the offset values and
press ENTER, if necessary.
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• Select locations for five points
as shown, using the image as
a visual reference.
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4. Click Complete Feature from the dashboard.
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• Faceted geometry
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COS Created on Imported Surface
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You can use imported data from sources such as IGES, STEP, VDA, and
so on to create style features. Common methods for using this data are
listed below.
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Design References
• Skeleton Models
• Framework
• Curve References
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• Surface References
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Exploded View of Style Geometry
Referencing Design Geometry
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features.
Design Framework
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Create or copy a design framework into your freeform surface model. You
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Ref_Design ref_design.asm
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REF_DESIGN.PRT.
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2. Select the External Copy
feature in each model. Notice
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the same sketch curve geometry
is copied into each model from
the skeleton model.
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3. In the model tree, right-click REF_DESIGN.PRT and select Open.
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4. Start the Style Tool from the feature toolbar.
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5. Right-click and select Set Active Plane, then select datum plane
RIGHT from the model tree.
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four sides of the copied sketch
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geometry, as shown.
• Right-click and select Internal
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Collector.
• Select the previously created
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style curve, as shown.
• Click Complete Feature . U
• Click Done .
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13. Click Window > Close.
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Task 2: Edit the design model and notice that the style geometry also
updates.
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REF_DESIGN_SKEL.PRT.
2. Right-click Sketch 1 and select
Edit.
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4. Click Regenerate .
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7. Click Regenerate .
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Developing Freeform Surface Models
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Module Overview
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In this module, you the learn basic concepts of creating style surfaces. You
also learn to use surfaces to define style curves. Finally, you learn how to edit
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those surfaces and curves.
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Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:
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Types of Surfaces
• Boundary surfaces
• Loft surfaces
• Blend surfaces
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• Composite surfaces
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Boundary Surface
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Boundary Surfaces
• Triangle: Three Boundary Surfaces
• Rectangle: Four Boundary Surfaces
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Three Boundary Surface Four Boundary Surface
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curves to modify the shape. You can work interactively with style surfaces
by manipulating the boundary and the internal curves. Boundary surfaces
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are particularly useful when you create conceptual models where you
interactively and intuitively design the shapes.
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triangular surface, the first boundary curve you select becomes the natural
boundary.
• Rectangle – You create rectangular surfaces using four boundaries. You
can use style curves, datum curves, and solid and surface edges as
boundaries.
Bound_Surf bound_surf.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
2. Click Surface from the style
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toolbar.
3. Press CTRL and select the four
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boundaries shown.
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Note that you can select the four boundaries in any order.
The selected boundaries include a solid edge, two sketched
curves, and a single style curve.
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toolbar.
3. Select the top edge of the solid
cylinder.
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This completes the procedure.
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Loft Surfaces
• Reference non-intersecting curves.
• Curves flow in same direction.
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Loft Curves
U Loft Surface
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Creating Loft Surfaces – Theory
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You can create loft surfaces by selecting a set of non-intersecting curves that
flow in the same direction as boundaries.
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same direction.
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Loft_Surf loft_surf.prt
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2. Click Surface from the style toolbar.
3. Press CTRL and working from back to front, select the four loft
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sections, as shown.
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Select Multiple Curves
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You can use more than one curve to create a single boundary of a surface,
however the resulting surface will be a composite surface.
Press SHIFT to select multiple curves that define a single surface boundary.
If you are selecting a boundary that is not the first boundary of the surface,
you will need to first release the CTRL key, before pressing SHIFT.
Composite Surface
Creating a surface from a boundary containing multiple curves will result in
the creation of a composite surface. Composite surfaces are composed of a
set of surface patches but are treated as a single surface quilt. The surface
normals of the component surfaces are oriented consistently with each other.
Multi_Bound multi_bound.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
2. Click Surface from the style
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toolbar.
• Select the lower arc-shaped
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curve, CF-32, as the first
boundary. U
• Press CTRL and select the
upper arc-shaped curve,
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CF-34, as the second
boundary.
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Task 2: Edit the curve’s end condition so that you can use it as a boundary.
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• Press CTRL and select the
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upper arc-shaped curve,
CF-34, as the second
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boundary.
• With CTRL still pressed, select
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the lower-left curve, CF-25, as
the third boundary.
• Release CTRL and press
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SHIFT, then select the
upper-left curve, CF-26, as the
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second boundary segment.
• Release SHIFT, press CTRL
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boundary.
• Release CTRL and press
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segment.
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Without Radial Option Without Radial Option – Top View
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Radial option.
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• Radial - The Radial option controls the sweep of the cross curve. If you
select the Radial option, the cross curve sweeps radial to the primary
curve. If you do not select the Radial option, the cross curve sweeps along
the primary curve, keeping the cross-sections parallel to the cross curve.
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Radial_Surf radial_surf.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Surface from the style toolbar.
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• Select the large primary curve, CF-0.
• Right-click and select Cross Collector.
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• Select the small cross curve, CF-3.
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3. Start the Named View List from the main menu and select Front.
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Notice that, without the radial option selected, the surface is
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created by sweeping the cross curve parallel to primary curve.
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This completes the procedure.
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Without Uniform Option Without Uniform Option – Front View
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With Uniform Option With Uniform Option – Front View
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You can further control the shape of this type of blended surface using the
Uniform option.
• Uniform - The Uniform option controls the sweep of the cross curve along
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the primary curves. If you select the Uniform option, the cross curve is
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scaled uniformly along the primary curves. If you clear the check box,
the cross curve is scaled non-uniformly to preserve a consistent loft over
the blend.
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Uniform_Surf uniform_surf.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Surface from the style toolbar.
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• Press CTRL and select the two longer curves as primary curves.
• Right-click and select Cross Collector.
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• Select the small cross curve.
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4. Start the Named View List from the main menu and select Front.
5. Click Options in the dashboard. Notice that Uniform is the default
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Notice that without the Uniform option selected, the cross curve
is scaled non-uniformly to preserve a consistent loft over the
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blend.
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This completes the procedure.
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Creation Methods
• Using the COS Option
• Drop Curve
• COS By Intersect
• Curve from Surface
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– Free
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– COS
The COS Option and Drop Curve
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• Drop Curve – The Drop Curve tool enables you to select an existing
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Creating a COS Directly Projecting a Curve onto a Surface
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defining the points by clicking directly on the surface. Style creates a COS
that passes through these points and is constrained to lie on the surface.
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COS cos.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Create Curves from
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the style toolbar.
• In the dashboard, click COS.
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• Press SHIFT and place a soft
point on the upper boundary
of the surface.
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• Click the surface to place two
additional points, as shown.
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the surface.
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6. Spin the model to observe that the curve has been placed on the
surface.
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This completes the procedure.
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Intersecting References
• Create a COS at the intersection of two surfaces.
• Create a COS at the intersection of a surface and a datum plane.
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Intersecting Surfaces Intersecting a Plane and Surface
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with a datum plane. You can reference surface geometry from solid models,
imported geometry, or style features.
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and so on.
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Intersecting References
The first reference selected when creating a COS type curve, using the COS
by Intersection method must be a surface. The second reference can be
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Intersect inter_curve.prt
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1. Start the Style Tool from the feature toolbar.
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2. Click COS By Intersect
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from the style toolbar, in the
fly-out, next to Drop Curve .
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• Select the upper surface, as
shown. U
• Right-click and select Second
Collector.
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• Select the side surface, as
shown.
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surfaces.
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4. Click COS By Intersect .
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• Select the side surface, as
shown.
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• Right-click and select Second
Collector. U
• Select datum plane RIGHT.
• Click Complete Feature .
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previous tasks.
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3. Click Surface .
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Location Options
• Select a location on the surface.
• Drag or specify a relative value to position the curve.
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• Free or COS type curves.
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• From a single surface patch.
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You can create a free or COS curve from a parallel isoline (isoparametric) of
a surface. You can create a curve from surface curve by selecting the point
on the surface through which the curve must pass.
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After the curve is created, you can edit it as you would any other curve.
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position it. In the Options tab, you can position the curve by specifying a
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Curve Types
Curves created using the Curve from Surface tool can be free or COS.
From_Surf from_surf.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Styling > Curve from
Surface and click on the
surface, as shown.
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3. Click Free in the dashboard, if
necessary. U
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4. Press CTRL and click the
surface again to change the
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curve’s direction.
Notice that the curve does
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5. Select SF-15 from the style tree to see the isoline dividing the surface
feature.
6. Click Repaint .
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7. Press CTRL and click on the surface to change the curve’s direction
back to a horizontal orientation.
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follow the modified surface.
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Free type curves from surface do not maintain a parent/child
relationship with the surface they were created from.
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5. Select the last curve created (created using Curve from Surface) ,
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right-click, and select Edit Definition.
Notice that the curve which was created using Curve from
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Surface is now like any other curve and can be edited as such.
The Curve from Surface dashboard is only available during
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Collector.
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• Drop Curve
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• COS By Intersect
Unlink from Surface
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Manipulating the COS
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A COS type curve consists of point locations lying on a surface, with the
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curve through the points also lying on the surface. To manipulate a COS type
curve, you can then either manipulate the points or the parent surface.
In the case of a COS created using Drop Curve or COS By Intersection,
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you can also manipulate the curve that was dropped or the surfaces forming
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the intersection.
Unlinking COS
To convert a COS to a free curve, click Edit > Unlink. In this case, the curve
breaks its relation with the parent surface.
You can unlink COS curves created using the Curve from Surface tool or
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the COS option by editing the definition of the curve and changing it to a
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planar or free curve.
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Man_COS man_cos.prt
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Click No hidden .
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3. Right-click curve CF-547 and
select Edit Definition.
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4. Drag the curve end shown and
attempt to connect it to the end
of curve CF-549. U
The step above cannot be completed because a single COS
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5. Click Undo .
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12. Right-click and select Edit
Definition.
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Tangent.
15. Click Complete Feature .
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reference surfaces.
18. Click Complete Feature .
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You can use Drop Curve and COS By Intersect to create COS
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type curves across surface patches.
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5. Right-click curve DF-552 and
select Edit Definition. U
6. Drag a point on the curve, as
shown.
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7. Click Complete Feature .
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1. Click Shading .
2. Right-click curve DF-554 and select Edit Definition.
3. Select Free from the dashboard.
4. Select Yes to accept the conversion to a free type curve.
You can also click Edit > Unlink to remove a curve’s reference
to a surface and other references.
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10. Spin the model to observe that
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the curve is no longer laying on
the surface.
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This completes the procedure.
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Advanced Tools and Techniques for
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Defining Freeform Shapes
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Module Overview U
In this module, you learn to use advanced tools and techniques for defining
and editing freeform shapes.
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Objectives
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boundaries.
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Rules for Adding Internal Curves
Without Internal Curve Control
• Cannot attach to adjacent
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boundaries.
• Curves in two directions must
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connect to each other.
• Curves attached to same U
boundary, cannot intersect within
boundaries.
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• Cannot intersect the boundary
more than once.
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boundaries.
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Internal internal.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Select surface SF-15, right-click
and select Edit Definition.
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3. Right-click and select Internal
Collector.
4. Select each of the three possible
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internal curves to observe how
each influences the shape of the
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curve.
5. Select curve CF-23, as shown.
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curve.
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Notice that the surface does not update. Pro/ENGINEER will not
accept this curve as an internal curve because it does not attach
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8. Press CTRL and select curve CF-13 again to remove it from the
internal curve list.
9. Click Complete Feature .
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4. Right-click the curve, just to the
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left of the midpoint, and select
Add Point, as shown.
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5. Press SHIFT and drag the new
point down until it snaps to curve U
CF-26, as shown.
6. Right-click and select Default
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Orientation.
7. Click Complete Feature .
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• Offset from Plane
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• Lock to Point
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Normal to Parent Curve at Point
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You can create a radial path planar curve by creating points on a soft plane.
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The soft plane is normal to the parent curve at a selected point on the parent
curve and normal to the parent curves’s active plane. The soft plane can slide
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along its parent curve while remaining normal to the parent curve. When the
parent curves are updated, the planes and the planar curves are regenerated.
You can use the following option to define the position of the soft plane and
how the soft plane’s position updates during regeneration.
• Length Ratio – Maintains the position of the soft plane to the percentage
of the length from the start of the parent curve to the plane, relative to the
total length of the parent curve. This is the default option.
• Length – Defines the distance from the start of the parent curve to the
soft plane.
• Parameter – Maintains the position of the soft plane by keeping its
parameter constant along the curve.
• Offset from Plane – Defines the position of the soft plane by intersecting
the parent curve with a plane at a given offset.
• Lock to Point – Locks the soft plane on the parent curve at the closest
defining point, typically an endpoint.
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Soft_Plane soft_plane.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
2. Right-click and select Curve.
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3. Click Planar from the dashboard
and in the Reference tab, edit the
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offset value to 0, if necessary.
4. Right-click and select Reference U
Collector.
5. Place the soft plane by clicking
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on the curve, as shown.
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Notice that the new soft plane is normal to the selected curve
and the curve’s reference plane at the location selected.
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14. Click Complete Feature .
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15. Right-click and select Edit
Definition.
16. Right-click and select Active
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Plane Orientation.
17. Shape the curve, as shown,
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by editing point locations and
tangency.
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This completes the procedure.
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Copy Proportional
• Linked
• Unlinked
Conditions and Limitations
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• Free and Planar
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• Soft Points
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• Fixed Points
• Linked Copies
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• Unlinked Copies Unlinked Proportional Copy
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The Copy Proportional tool enables you to duplicate the selected geometry,
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retaining the original proportions when the endpoints of the selected curve
move to new positions during duplication.
The following conditions and limitations are applied when using the copy
proportional tool:
• Free and Planar – You can copy planar and free curves but not COS type
curves.
• Soft Points – Soft point connections are maintained when copying a set
of linked curves.
• Fixed Points – You cannot create a linked copy of curves that reference a
curve with fixed points.
• Linked Copies – Linked copies move along the parent curve.
• Unlinked Copies – By default, unlinked copies move parallel to the active
plane.
Proportional proportional.prt
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Select curve CF-4.
3. Click Edit > Copy Proportional.
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4. Clear the Unlink check box if
necessary.
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5. Using the arrowhead handles,
drag the curve, as shown.
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Notice that the copy moves parallel to the original curve’s active
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Task 3: Edit a copied curve.
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1. With the four new curves still
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selected, right-click and select
Edit Definition.
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Notice that you can now
edit the curves like any
other curve. The Copy
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Proportional tool is only
accessible during the copy
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operation.
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Proportional Update
• Using Proportional Update
• Planning for Proportional Update
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Original Curve
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With Proportional Update Without Proportional Update
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When you select the Proportional Update option, you force the free points of
the curve to move proportionally in relation to the reference (soft) points.
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When you change the location of a point on a curve without the Proportional
Update option applied to it, the shape is altered based on the new location of
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only the point being moved. This is a non-proportional change. If you want
to change the entire shape of the curve proportionally, you can apply the
Proportional Update option to the curve.
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You need to plan your model so that changes in the model size or proportions
produce predictable and desirable results. You may need to use the
Proportional Update option with a number of curves to achieve a predictable
update of the model.
The figure in the lower-right corner of the slide depicts a
non-proportional modification of a curve. The figure in the lower-left
corner depicts the same modification but with Proportional Update
option applied to the curve.
Mod_Prop mod_prop.prt
Task 1: Edit the shape of curves without the Proportional Update option
enabled.
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
2. Select curve CF-545, right-click,
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and select Edit Definition.
3. Drag the style points of the
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curve, as shown.
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Notice that the interior points of the three attached curves do not
move as the endpoints are dragged.
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Task 2: Enable the Proportional Update option for the three attached
curves.
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Notice that with the Proportional Update option enabled, the
interior points of the three attached curves moved proportionally
as the endpoints were dragged.
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This completes the procedure.
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Unlink Curves
Unlink COS Type Curves
• Create a complex 3-D free curve.
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Unlinked Fixed Point
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You can unlink style curves to modify parent/child relationships between style
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You can create complex 3-D curves by creating a COS type curve and then
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Unlink unlink.prt
1. Select Sketch 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Delete.
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2. Select Cancel from the Delete dialog box.
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This dialog box warns you that because Style 1 is a child of
Sketch 1, deleting Sketch 1 will also delete Style 1. Unlinking
the curves in Style 1 from the Sketch 1 geometry enables you to
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delete Sketch 1 without deleting Style 1.
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3. Select Style 1, right-click, and
select Edit Definition.
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Unlink.
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8. Select Sketch 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Delete.
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You can delete the sketch feature this time because the style
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4. Select curve CF-555 in the
graphics window.
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5. Press SHIFT and drag the style
point to curve CF-564, as shown.
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graphics window.
7. Press SHIFT and drag the style
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graphics window.
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the curve.
1. Click Surface .
2. Press CTRL and select the 4
boundary curves shown.
3. Right-click and select Internal
Collector.
4. Select the internal curve shown.
5. Click Complete Feature .
11. In the Style tree, select the surface feature, right-click, and select
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Delete.
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12. Click Unlink from the Delete dialog box.
13. In the Style tree, select curve CF-572, right-click, and select Delete.
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14. Click Unlink from the Delete dialog box.
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15. Click Done .
16. In the Resolve dialog box, select
dropped curve feature, and then
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click Convert .
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You can make free curves planar between their endpoints using the Planar
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Note that using the Planar on Endpoints option does not change a
free type curve to a planar type curve. It only moves the internal
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points to the same plane as the endpoints. You can move them out
of that plane at any time.
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You cannot make curves planar between their endpoints if they contain:
• Constrained internal points.
• Endpoints with tangent constraints.
The curves do not maintain history after being made planar.
Planar_Curve planar_curve.prt
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1. Select Front from the Named View List .
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2. Select Style 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
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3. Select curve CF-555, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
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Note that the curve is not a planar curve. It remains a free curve.
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The points between its endpoints have only been moved to the
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Editing Methods
• Edit the defining curves.
• Add/remove internal curves.
• Change surface type.
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You can edit the shape of a style surface using various methods.
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• You can change the surface type while redefining the surfaces.
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Edit_Surf edit_surf.prt
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Select surface SF-579,
right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
3. Right-click and select Internal
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Collector.
4. Select curve CF-555 as an U
internal curve of the surface.
5. Click Complete Feature .
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This completes the procedure.
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resolving failed features.
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Modify Parent/Child Relationships
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The style feature has its own resolve environment. Style features enter
Resolve mode:
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• Information about the failed and blocked features. Blocked features are
entities that cannot be regenerated until a failed parent is resolved.
• Tools to resolve the failed features.
Resolve does not restrict access to other tools in the style feature. You may
close the Resolve dialog box and continue to create geometry or modify
it to resolve failed features.
You are not able to exit the style feature until all the objects are resolved.
Resolve resolve.prt
1. Select Style 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
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2. Press CTRL, then select curves CF-572 and CF-545 from the style
tree.
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3. Right-click and select Delete.
4. Click Suspend from the Delete dialog box.
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5. Click Done . This opens the Resolve dialog box.
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Note that selecting Suspend deletes the selected parent but
suspends the deletion of its children. When the children fail
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of curve CF-564.
8. Click Complete Feature .
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16. Select the failed curve CF-582
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from the list of failed features
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and click Unlink .
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You can also delete curve CF-582 using Delete as it is no
longer needed in the feature. U
17. Select the failed surface SF-576
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from the list of failed features
and click Redefine .
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CF-564, as shown.
20. Click Complete Feature .
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Creating Smooth Freeform Surface Models
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Module Overview
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In this module, you first learn about curvature and its effect on a design. Next
you learn how to connect curves and surfaces in order to produce the desired
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transition between them. Finally, you learn to use analysis tools that enable
you to verify the quality and smoothness or your design.
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Objectives
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Curvature = 1/Radius
• Smaller Radius = Higher Curvature
• Larger Radius = Lower Curvature
Curvature Facts
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• Curvature of a straight line = 0.
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• Curvature of an arc is constant.
• Curvature of a spline changes
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constantly. Curvature Display – 1/Radius
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Curvature Definition
Curvature is defined as a portion of a surface that is proportional to 1/radius
at any given point on a curve. Hence, the smaller the radius value, the
greater the curvature. The lower the radius value, the higher the curvature.
To detect changes in curvature, you can use a combination of surface
analysis tools available in Pro/ENGINEER.
Curvature Facts
When designing surfaces with curvature, keep in mind the following:
• A straight line has zero curvature since 1/infinity = zero.
• A true arc has constant curvature at all points along the curve, based on
its radius.
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• Datum planes. Tangent Edge Connection
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Surface Curvature Connection Surface Tangent Connection
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Connecting Style Curves – Theory
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• Datum curves.
• Surface and solid edges.
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When you snap a curve to an entity with a soft point, the snapped
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Con_Curve con_curve.prt
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2. Right-click and select Curve.
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3. Click Planar from the dashboard and in the Reference tab, edit the
offset value to 0, if necessary.
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4. Right-click and select Set Active
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Plane, then select the front face
of the model. U
5. Press SHIFT and select the
edge of the arc as the start point.
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6. Press SHIFT and select the
end of the datum curve as the
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endpoint.
7. Click Complete Feature .
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Definition.
9. Click Point from the dashboard
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FRONT from the model tree.
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3. Press SHIFT and select the arc
surface as the start point.
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4. Press SHIFT and select the
datum curve as the endpoint.
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5. Click Complete Feature .
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5. Press CTRL + G to regenerate
the model.
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Notice that all style curve connections update with the geometry
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they reference.
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This completes the procedure.
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Connection Levels
• Tangent
• Symmetric (Tangent)
• Curvature
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Symmetric (Tangent)
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Curvature Tangent
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You can connect a curve to another curve or surface using various levels of
tangency and curvature constraints.
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Level of Connections
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You can connect a curve to another curve with the following levels of
connections.
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Connecting to Surfaces/Planes
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• You can connect a curve, that is attached to a surface with a soft point, as
tangent or curvature-continuous to the surface. A curve connected to a
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surface will be a child of that surface.
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• When you connect a curve to a surface that is located on a common
boundary of two surfaces, you must select the surface to which it should
be tangent.
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Modify Connection Type
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Reverse a Connection: Change Parent/Child Relationship
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Connections between curves influence the shape of the curves. You can
manipulate these connection to change the shape of your design.
• Modifying the Connection Type – You can modify a connection from
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Manip_Con manip_con.prt
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CONNECT, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
2. In the style tree, select curve
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CF-1005, right-click, and select
Edit Definition.
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3. Select the left endpoint of the
curve. U
4. Right-click the tangent handle
and select Tangent.
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5. Drag the tangent arrow to modify
the length of the tangent vector.
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as you drag the tangent arrow. Also, you can only modify the
tangent length as the tangent angle is controlled by the parent
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curve.
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1. Right-click either the arrow or tail of the tangent arrow and select
Symmetric.
Note that the shape did not change because symmetric tangent
connections can only be applied to the parent curve.
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connection point.
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3. Right-click either the arrow or tail
of the tangent arrow and select
Symmetric.
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4. Select the Tangent tab, notice
that the connection level listed in
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the tab is Tangent.
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When you select Symmetric, you are not really applying
a symmetric connection level. You are applying a tangent
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connection.
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• Curvature (G2)
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G0 – Position
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G2 – Curvature G1 – Tangent
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parents and children. A parent surface does not change its shape while a
child surface changes its shape to meet the parent.
You can connect a style surface to:
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• Any solid, datum plane, or surface features constructed prior to the current
style feature.
To connect a surface to another surface, the relevant boundary curves must
be connected to one of the following entities.
• Boundary curves of the surface.
• Edges of the surface.
• Directly to the surface.
Surface Connection Limitations
The following limitations apply when connecting surfaces:
• Style surfaces can only be a follower of surfaces created in an earlier
feature.
Connection Types
You can apply the following connections to the boundaries of a surface:
• Normal – The boundary curve that supports the connection is planar. All
the cross boundary curves have curve tangents normal to the plane of
this boundary. An arrow pointing from the connected boundary, but not
crossing the boundary, represents a normal connection.
• Draft – All cross boundary curves have draft curve connections at the same
angle to the reference plane or surface relative to the boundary. A dashed
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arrow pointing from the common boundary represents the draft connection.
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When geometry is joined at a common boundary, the surfaces can connect
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at three different levels of continuity.
• Position (G0) – Implies that the surfaces share a common boundary, but
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that there is no shared tangent or curvature across the boundary. This is
represented by a dashed bar icon.
• Tangent (G1) – Implies that the two surfaces have a common boundary,
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and that at every point along that boundary they are tangent to each other.
A single arrow icon represents the tangent connection. When a parent
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surface changes its shape, the child surface adapts its shape to maintain
tangency with the parent. An arrow pointing from the parent to the child
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the boundary and that they share curvature along the common boundary.
A double arrow icon represents the curvature connection. In a curvature
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(Class A surfaces.)
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Editing Connections
You can edit connections while editing the definition of a surface or by clicking
Surface Connect from the style toolbar. Using Surface Connect
displays only connection icons for each selected surface. It does not display
the reference boundaries seen when using Edit Definition.
Con_Surf con_surf.prt
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1. In the model tree, select Style
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1, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
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2. Select curve CF-1026,
right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
3. Select the far-left endpoint,
right-click the tangent handle,
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and click Normal.
4. In the model tree, select TOP as
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7. Select the far-left endpoint, right-click the tangent handle, and click
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Normal.
8. In the model tree, select TOP as the normal reference.
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4. Select the surface connection
icon shown, right-click, and
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select Curvature.
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Notice that the connection
does not change and
displays the warning
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message, “The cross
curves are not connected U
with the same continuity as
the connection”.
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CF-1028, as shown.
9. Click Point in the dashboard and
type a length ratio value of 0.
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Connecting Surfaces
• Latest surface is child of previous surface.
• Connection influence is applied to the child surface.
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Because the influence of a connection is always on the child surface, the order
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in which you create surfaces can have a significant effect on your design.
While creating several adjoining surfaces, the Style tool makes the latest
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surface become the child of the previous surface. You can modify the
parent/child relationship to avoid an undesirable influence and improve
surface quality.
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Analyzing Curvature
• Curvature
• Dihedral Angle
• Sections
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• Shaded Curvature
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Curvature Analysis
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U
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As a designer, you can analyze surfaces for problems related to the tangency
and curvature of connected surfaces. Most of the freeform surface models
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analysis to determine the surface quality. The surface, and its connections
with adjacent surfaces, must be of high quality.
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Curvature Plot
• Analyze curve or surface
smoothness.
• Analyze curve or surface
continuity.
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Connected without Continuity
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spaced lines that display the curvature of the surface). The line segments
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of the plot are equally spaced, and their length is proportional to the surface
curvature at that point.
When analyzing a surface, you can display the porcupine plot in two
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• With curvature continuity added, the connection is smooth with a
more gradual change in curvature.
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Similar plots appear when you analyze a surface, however, the plot
appears in two directions across the surface.
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Curvature curvature.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Curvature , press
CTRL, and select the three
curves shown.
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3. Select FRONT from the Named
View List .
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4. In the Curvature dialog box,
type 100 for the scale and press
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ENTER.
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transitions in and out of the smaller arc shaped curve. For styled
designs, a more gradual transition in curvature is desirable.
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Collector.
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more gradual.
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3. In the Graphics window, select
curve CF-1051.
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4. Select the upper endpoint,
right-click the tangent arrow, and
select Curvature.
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5. Click Complete Feature .
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Definition.
7. Select the surface connection
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Connected without Continuity
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While working in the Style tool, open the Shaded Curvature dialog box by
clicking Shaded Curvature from the main toolbar or by clicking Analysis
> Geometry > Shaded Curvature.
You can define the following elements and options within the dialog box.
• Surface – The surface collector enables you to add or remove surfaces
from the analysis.
You can customize or edit your analysis using the following options:
• Plot – You can select Gaussian, Maximum, Mean, or Section type plots
from the Plot drop-down list.
• Sample – Control the sampling of your plot by Quality, Number, or Step
values from the Sample drop-down list. Adjust the sample values using
the wheel button or slider.
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• Maximum – Shaded curvature displays the largest normal curvature at
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every point on the surface.
• Mean – Shaded curvature displays the continuity between surfaces.
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• Section – Shaded curvature displays the curvature of cross-sectional cuts
parallel to a reference plane.
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The figures above show shaded Gaussian curvature plots when no
continuity, tangent continuity, and continuous continuity conditions
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are applied to surfaces connection.
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Shade_Curve shade_curve.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Shaded Curvature
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from the main toolbar.
3. Press CTRL and select both
surfaces.
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4. In the Shaded Curvature dialog
box, slide the Quality bar to 100.
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are listed in the dialog box and shown in the color chart.
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curves will be edited accordingly.
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4. Click Complete Feature .
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Notice that after you change the connection to curvature, the
mean curvature range that appears left to right across the
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surface connection is now more uniform.
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5. Click Analysis > Saved
Analysis.
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Dihedral Angle
• Analyze angle between tangents.
• Check for continuity.
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Without Continuity
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The Dihedral Angle analysis tool measures the angles between the tangents
of the adjoining surfaces along the common edge and returns a numerical
value. This is useful in determining whether two surfaces are tangent (G1), or
the extent to which they deviate from tangency.
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Dihedral dihedral.prt
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Analysis > Geometry >
Dihedral Angle.
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3. Select the connecting edge, as
shown.
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4. In the Dihedral Angle dialog box,
type 25 for the scale and press U
ENTER.
5. Slide the Quality bar to 100.
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Notice that in the dialog box and the Graphics window, the Max
dihedral angle is listed as 5.0 and the Min is listed as .1285.
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drop-down list.
8. Click Accept from the Dihedral dialog box.
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Notice that the Max dihedral angle is now listed as 0. The
maximum dihedral angle for a tangent or curvature-continuous
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connection is zero.
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8. Click Accept from the Dihedral dialog box.
9. Click Complete Feature . U
10. Click Done .
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This completes the procedure.
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Reflection Analysis
• Lights
• Angle
• Spacing
• Width
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Connected without Continuity
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You can use the Reflection analysis tool to simulate the reflection of light on
selected surfaces. The reflection analysis enables you to visually find surface
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changes in the shaded reflection, spin the model and observe the dynamic
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Reflect_Curve reflect_curve.prt
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select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Reflection from the
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main toolbar.
3. Press CTRL and select both
surfaces.
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4. In the Reflection dialog box, edit
the number of lights to 12.
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5. Spin the model and observe how
the reflection changes across
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6. In the lower left of the Curvature dialog box, select Saved from the
drop-down list.
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connection icon between the two
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surfaces and select Curvature.
2. Click Yes to confirm connecting
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curves will be edited accordingly.
3. Spin the model and observe
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that the reflection change across
surface connection is now
seamless.
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5. Click Done
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Integrating Style and Parametric Features
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Module Overview
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In this module, you first learn about parallel modeling and the benefits
provided by integrating style and parametric features. Next you learn to use
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surfaces to define solid geometry. You learn to export style curve parameters
so that they can be edited outside of the style environment. You learn to use
a parametric framework to define and control your design. Finally, you learn
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Objectives
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Style Features
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• Apply Solid Modeling Options
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A Style Feature Referencing
a Parametric Curve
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You can combine the advantages of parametric modeling and the flexibility
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updates accordingly. You can also use style geometry as a base to develop
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parametric features.
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• Apply Solid Modeling Options
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Thicken
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You can use style surfaces to define solid geometry in a model. You can use
the style surface to add or remove solid material to a model.
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style surface.
• Solidify – You can use the Solidify tool to add or remove solid material
from a surface volume. You can add and remove material at the same time
by using the Replace Portion (Patch) option of the Solidify tool.
• Thicken – You can use the Thicken tool to add or remove solid material to
a specified distance normal to a surface.
• Replace – You can use the Replace Surface option in the Offset tool to
replace a solid surface with a single style surface.
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Solid solid.prt
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1. Select Extrude 3 from the model
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tree.
2. Click Edit > Solidify.
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3. In the dashboard, click Remove
Material .
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4. Click Complete Feature . U
Task 2: Replace the flat solid surface with a styled surface.
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2. In the model tree, expand Group TOP_SURF, select the four features
in the group, right-click, and select Unhide.
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as shown.
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Replace Portion With Quilt
has been selected.
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5. Click Complete Feature .
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6. In the model tree, select Style 5,
right-click, and select Hide.
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Task 4: Use the Thicken tool to remove material from the model.
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1. In the model tree, select Fill 1.
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2. Click Edit > Thicken.
3. Drag the depth handle until the
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dimensions outside of the style environment. If you edit the style feature,
an exported parameter will appear in the model as a dimension. You
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can edit and regenerate these dimensions, the same as you would any
Pro/ENGINEER dimension.
Exported Parameters
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Export export.prt
Task 1: Edit a dimension from a datum plane internal to the style feature.
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1. In the model tree, right-click
Style 1, and select Edit.
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2. Double-click and edit the 200
dimension to 250.
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3. Click Regenerate . U
This dimension is from
a datum plane created
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internal to the style
feature. Dimensions from
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Notice that this datum plane is the internal datum plane that was
modified in the task above.
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Fo
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12. In the Tangent tab, select the
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Angle check box, to export the
Tangent Angle parameter.
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13. In the Graphics window,
double-click curve CF-127.
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14. In the dashboard, click Tangent,
if necessary. U
15. In the Graphics window, select
the endpoint, as shown.
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Done .
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Task 3: Edit dimensions that have been exported form the style feature.
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3. Click Regenerate .
6. Click Regenerate .
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• Parametric Surfaces
Controlling Datum Plane
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After Framework is Modified Controlling Sketched Curves
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You can define and control style features by referencing parametric geometry
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The following are typical examples of how you can reference a framework
when creating style geometry.
• Sketched Curves – You can create sketched curves to define crucial
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Framework framework.prt
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2. Press CTRL, select curves CF-570 and CF-573 from the style tree,
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right-click, and select Hide.
3. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and select datum plane UPPER
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from the model tree.
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4. Right-click and select Curve.
5. Click Planar from the dashboard U
and in the Reference tab, edit the
offset value to 0, if necessary.
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6. Press SHIFT and select the
three endpoints of the sketched
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9. Select the left endpoint, right-click the tangent handle, select Normal,
and select datum plane MID.
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plane BASE.
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22. Click Complete Feature .
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23. Press CTRL, select curves
CF-570 and CF-573 from the
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style tree, right-click and select
Unhide.
24. Click anywhere in the Graphics
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window to de-select all geometry.
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25. Click Surface , press CTRL,
and select the four boundary
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curves shown.
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curve created.
27. Click Complete Feature and
click Done .
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Task 2: Edit the framework and observe how the style features update.
7. Click Regenerate .
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• Copy
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Patterned Style Feature
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You can further define and manipulate style geometry using tools found in the
edit menu and toolbar. These tools are used outside of the Style tool, after
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The following is a list of typical editing tools that you can use to define and
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• Merge – You can merge style surfaces into single surface quilts. This
tool is especially useful when creating geometry that is formed by the
intersection of multiple style surfaces.
• Mirror – You can use the Mirror tool to mirror surface geometry when
creating symmetrical designs.
• Offset – The Offset tool is used to create surfaces that are interior or
exterior to the design surface. You can use this to define the opposite
material side or simply as a tool for creating designs.
• Copy – You can copy surface patches and quilts to other locations in a
design. This is helpful when reproducing the same shape throughout
a model.
You cannot mirror style curves and surfaces from within the Style
environment.
Edit_Tools edit_tools.prt
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1. In the model tree, select Style 3, right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
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2. In the Style tree, select curve OF-598, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
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3. In the dashboard, select the Offset check box.
4. Click Complete Feature and click Done
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Task 3: Merge and pattern the offset surfaces to the main surface.
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the first offset surface, as shown.
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3. Click Merge Tool from the
Edit features toolbar.
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4. In the dashboard, click Flip First
Direction , from the far left of
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the dashboard.
5. Click Complete Feature .
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6. With the merge feature still selected, right-click and select Pattern.
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7. Click Complete Feature .
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plane MID.
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Techniques for Creating Common Detailed
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Shapes
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Module Overview U
In this module, you first learn how to create common detailed shapes that
are often used to finish up a styled design. Then, you learn various methods
for creating scoop and blend geometry. Finally, you learn how to create split
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surface geometry.
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Objectives
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Modeling Techniques
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• Surface to surface intersections.
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• Using COS type curves.
• Blurred boundaries. Definite Boundary Scoop
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• Definite boundaries.
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You can use the Style tool to create common detailed shapes in style or
solid geometry designs. These shapes are typically the finer, more detailed
shapes added near the end of the design process.
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Modeling Techniques
• Surface to Surface Intersections – You can use the resulting geometry
from intersecting surfaces to create scoop or bulge geometry.
• COS Boundaries – You can use COS type curves as boundaries to define
scoop or bulge surface geometry.
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U Two Surface Features
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parent surface. The resulting surface defines a scoop or bulge that you can
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Inter_Surfs inter_surfs.prt
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1. Select Style 1, right-click, and
select Edit Definition.
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2. Click Surface in the style
toolbar.
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3. Press CTRL and select the four
boundaries shown.
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Collector.
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13. Select Style 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Hide.
14. Spin the model to observe the completed scoop geometry.
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4. With the Quilts filter still on,
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select the model’s surface.
5. Click Edit > Thicken to add
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material to the surface.
6. Drag the depth in both directions
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to create various thicknesses.
7. Click Cancel Feature . U
Task 3: Use the quilt to manipulate the shape of a solid block.
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Creation Technique
• Create upper and lower surfaces.
• Create COS curves on both
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surfaces.
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• Trim the surfaces as required. Defined Cross-Boundaries
• Create defining cross-boundary
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curves.
• Create two boundary surfaces.
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You can create scoops and bulges with definite boundaries to add detailed
shape to your model. The shape of a definite boundary surface is defined
by the cross-boundaries of the surface, rather than the tangent condition
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Def_Bound def_bound.prt
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1. Start the Style Tool .
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2. ClickDrop Curve in the style toolbar.
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3. Press CTRL and select both
halves of the large sketched
circle.
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4. Right-click, select Surface
Collector, and select the upper
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surface.
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curve.
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19. Click Complete Feature .
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Task 2: Complete the sidewalls of the scoop.
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1. Right-click and select Curve.
2. Click Planar from the dashboard U
and in the Reference tab, edit the
offset value to 0, if necessary.
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3. Right-click, select Set Active
Plane, and select FRONT.
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curve, as shown.
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Surface Curvature.
7. Click Complete Feature .
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17. Spin the model to reorient as
required.
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18. Press CTRL and select the four
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boundary curves, as shown.
19. Click Complete Feature .
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20. Click Done .
21. Spin the model as required
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Creation Technique
• COS Boundaries
• Internal Curves
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• Style Surface
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• Tangent Condition Control
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Tangent Condition Control
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You can create scoops and bulges with blurred boundaries to add detailed
shape to your model. The shape of a blurred boundary is defined by the
tangent condition at the edge of the defined surface rather than by defining
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boundary curves.
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• Create four COS type curves by either dropping or sketching them onto
the surface.
• Create internal curves to further define the shape of your scoop or bulge.
• Create a style surface referencing the curves.
• Use the tangent condition of the curves and surface to control the blurred
boundary of the geometry.
Blur_Bound blur_bound.prt
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1. In the model tree, right-click Style 1, and select Edit Definition.
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2. Right-click and select Curve.
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3. Click Planar from the dashboard and in the Reference tab, edit the
offset value to 0, if necessary.
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4. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and select FRONT.
Curvature.
8. Click Tangent in the dashboard and edit the Tangent length to 30.
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20. Click Complete Feature .
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Task 2: Create a surface and use it to remove material from the model.
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1. Click anywhere in the Graphics
window to de-select all geometry.
2. Right-click and select Surface.
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3. Press CTRL and select the four
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boundary curves, as shown.
4. Right-click and select Internal
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Collector.
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Curvature.
7. Click Complete Feature .
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8. Click Done .
9. With the surface still selected,
click Edit > Solidify.
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Creation Technique
• Create upper and lower
surfaces.
• Create COS curves on both
surfaces.
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• Trim the surfaces as required.
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• Create defining cross-boundary
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curves.
• Create two boundary surfaces. Free Curve Below Surface
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In
You can create scoops and bulges with definite boundaries to add detailed
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is as follows.
• Create or identify two surfaces in your model, one for the upper boundary
of the surface and one for the lower boundary.
• Create COS type curves on the upper and lower boundary surfaces.
• If necessary, use the COS type curves to trim the boundary surfaces.
• Create cross-boundary curves, connecting the COS curves created in
the previous step.
• Create a boundary surface defining the first half of the scoop or bulge
geometry.
• Create a second boundary surface defining the second half of the scoop or
bulge geometry.
Split_Surf split_surf.prt
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Definition.
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2. Click Surface Trim and then select the model surface.
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3. Right-click and select Curve
Collector.
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4. Press CTRL and select the four
curves. U
5. Right-click, select Delete
Collector, and select the
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surface inside the curves.
6. Click Complete Feature .
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4. Click Complete Feature .
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5. Right-click and select Surface.
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6. Press CTRL and select the four
boundary curves shown.
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7. Right click both Normal tangent
icons on the upper and lower
boundary of the surface,
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right-click, and select Position.
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8. Click Complete Feature .
9. Click Done .
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Creating Complex, High Quality Freeform
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Models
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Module Overview U
In this module, you first learn the importance of four-boundary surfaces in the
development of high-quality surfaces. Then, you learn a variety of techniques
for creating models using four-boundary surfaces. These techniques are
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especially helpful in situations where there are fewer than four boundaries
present in the design.
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Objectives
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• Overbuild
• Create Boundary
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• Void Boundary
Overbuild Technique
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surfaces in models but you should always analyze them for distortions and
unwanted high curvature zones.
You use four-boundary surface modeling to ensure:
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• High quality.
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curvature plot can detect any unwanted high curvature, which indicates an
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area of distortion.
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In
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Overbuilt Four-Boundary Surface Mirrored Surface
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U
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You can create a high quality, four-boundary surface larger than required and
then trim it to the required shape after completion. You can trim the surface
back within the Style tool or using the Merge tool, outside of the Style tool.
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Overbuild overbuild.prt
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1. In the model tree, select Style
1, right-click, and select Edit
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Definition.
2. Click Surface .
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3. Press CTRL and select the three
curves shown. U
4. Click Complete Feature .
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5. Right-click and select Surface.
6. Press CTRL and select the three
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curves shown.
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Curvature.
10. Press CTRL and select both
style surfaces, as shown.
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6. Press CTRL and select the four
curves shown.
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7. Click Complete Feature .
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8. Click Done .
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9. With the surface still selected, start the Mirror Tool .
10. Select datum plane FRONT.
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11. Click Complete Feature .
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12. Press CTRL and click both
halves of the surface, then start
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Two Sets of Three-Boundary
Surfaces Create One Four-Boundary Network
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rn
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In
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are not defined by four boundaries. The Style tool enables you to create
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triangular surfaces directly, but in some cases the resulting surface quality
may not be desirable. In such cases, you can create an internal network of
curves that defines a large area as rectangular patches.
Note that you can fill the remaining three-boundary voids using a
number of techniques. In this example, you can fill the three-sided
void using the rounded shape technique.
Create_Bound create_bound.prt
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2. Press CTRL and select both
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surfaces.
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3. Click Cancel from the
Curvature dialog box.
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Notice the spikes in curvature at the corners of the
three-boundary surfaces. These are not high quality surfaces.
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surfaces.
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2. Press CTRL and select both surface features from the Style tree.
3. Right-click, select Delete, and click Yes to confirm.
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5. Click Planar from the dashboard and in the Reference tab, edit the
offset value to 0, if necessary.
6. Click References and edit the offset value to 100.
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10. Right-click the tangent handle at the other endpoint, select Normal,
and select datum plane FRONT as the normal reference.
11. Click Complete Feature .
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17. Right-click and select Curve.
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18. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and select datum plane RIGHT.
19. Click References and edit the offset value to 300.
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20. Press SHIFT and select two points on the curves, as shown.
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21. Right-click and select Edit
Definition. U
22. Right-click the tangent handle
at the upper endpoint, select
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Normal, and select datum plane
FRONT.
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Surface Curvature.
24. Click Complete Feature .
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In
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Dropped Curve Trimmed Surface
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se
U
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If there is a triangular area in your surface model that you will eventually
remove or trim away, you may use this area to your advantage by trimming
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away the triangular patch while dividing the curve network. You can also
trim away an area and rebuild it using a four-boundary surface. Using this
technique, you avoid having to create a triangular surface.
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A typical process for creating a high quality surface using the void boundary
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technique is as follows.
• Create a COS type curve that you will use as a trimming reference.
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Void_Bound void_bound.prt
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2. In the dashboard, edit the offset value to 1 and press ENTER.
nl
3. Edit the offset value to 5 and press ENTER.
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4. Click Cancel Feature and YES to confirm.
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Notice that when the value is edited to 5, the preview geometry
(in yellow) no longer appears. This is because the surface
cannot be offset past 4 units.
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5. With the surface still selected,
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4 units.
PT
Task 2: Use the void boundary technique to create a higher quality surface.
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Definition.
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11. Right-click the connection icon
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between the surfaces and select
Curvature.
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12. Click Complete Feature .
13. Click Done .
Notice that the higher quality surface enables you to offset the
In
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nl
O
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Create COS Curves UTrim using COS Curves
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rn
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In
C
PT
In many cases, a rounded surface that you create using three boundaries
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will not meet the surface quality requirements of your design. In these
situations, you should add boundaries and create a four-boundary surface.
This technique enables you to fill the remaining void, after a rectangular curve
network has been used to divide a rounded shape.
A typical process for filling a three-boundary void, using a four-boundary
surface is as follows.
• Create COS type curves as the third and fourth boundaries.
• Trim away unnecessary portions of the surface.
• Create a four-boundary surface.
Round_Shape round_shape.prt
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1. In the model tree, select Style 2, right-click, and select Edit
nl
Definition.
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2. Right-click and select Curve.
3. Click COS in the dashboard, if
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necessary.
4. Press SHIFT and select the two
endpoints shown.
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• The first endpoint is on the
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back curve, CF-33.
• The second endpoint is
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Definition.
6. Right-click the tangent handle at
the far endpoint, select Normal,
C
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4. Right-click, select Delete
Collector, and select the
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surface to delete, highlighted in
red.
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5. Click Complete Feature .
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6. Right-click and select Surface.
7. Press CTRL and select the four
curves shown.
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8. Right-click the three connection
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icons between the surfaces and
select Curvature.
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te
In
C
PT
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nl
O
se
Triangular Shape Curves Construction Surface and Boundaries
U
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rn
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In many cases, a triangular surface that you create using three boundaries
PT
will not meet the surface quality requirements of your design. In these
situations, you must add boundaries and create a four-boundary surface.
Sometimes it is necessary to create a temporary construction surface before
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Triangle triangle.prt
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1. In the model tree, select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
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2. Right-click and select Curve.
3. Click Planar from the dashboard and in the Reference tab, edit the
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offset value to 0, if necessary.
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19. Right-click and select Surface.
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20. Press CTRL and select the four
curves shown.
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21. Click Complete Feature .
22. Click Done .
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U
Task 2: Eliminate the construction surface from the design.
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> Trim.
PT
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may not be disclosed, transferred, modified, or reduced to any form, including electronic media, or
nl
transmitted or made publicly available by any means without the prior written consent of PTC and no
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For Windchill products, select About Windchill at the bottom of the product page. For InterComm
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pending outside of the United States. Contact PTC for further information. 5,771,392/23-June-1998;
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GB2354686/15-October-2003; GB2353376/05-November-2003; GB2354096/12-November-2003;
GB2353115/10-December-2003; 6,665,569B1/16-December-2003; (KO)415475/6-January-2004;
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7,013,246B1/14-March-2006; 7,013,468/14-March-2006; (JP)3,962,109/25-May-2007.
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