TABLE OF CONTENT

*Introduction
1.0 Principles of project management
1.1 Lifecycle Planning
1.2 Leadership
1.3 Decision making
1.4 Negotiation
1.5 Delegation
1.6 Recognition of constraints

1.7 Determination Of Objectives

2.0 Benefits of project management

2.1 Increased efficiency.
2.2 Improved client satisfaction..
2.3 Greater Flexibility.
2.4 Improved risk assignment.
2.5 Enhanced Communication with main contractor and sub-contractor
2.6 Better development opportunities within the project team

3.0.References
 INTRODUCTION
Project Management is the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to
execute projects effectively and efficiently. It’s a strategic competency for
organizations, enabling them to tie project results to business goals and thus, better
compete in their markets.

A project is usually deemed to be a success if it achieves the objectives according

to their acceptance criteria, within an agreed timescale and budget.

Project Management process divided into five main functions. They are planning,
organizing, directing, controlling, coordinating the activities of employee in
combination with other organizational resources to accomplish started
organizational goals.
1.0 Principals Of Project Management

1.1 Lifecycle Planning

Lifecycle planning is a series of many activities between start and finish point of
the project,including objectives need to be fulfilled.project lifecycle is depending
on the time,money,amount of staff members and etc..
Project Management process contains four phases

Initiating the project

In project initiating, the activities are perform to assess the size, scope and the
complexity of the project and to establish the procedures to support later project
activities.

Ex: If you are going to finish the project, you need to select specify persons and
skilled labor’s for each construction period.

Planning the Project

Project planning focuses on defining clear discrete activities and the work needed
to complete each activity within a single project.

Ex: In civil engineering construction projects we create time schedule,

construction schedule, equipment schedule, etc..

Executing the Project

Project execution puts the baseline project plan into action.

Ex: In a Construction This Period is a Active working period.

Closing down the Project

It focuses on bringing a project to an end.

–Natural termination – project requirements have been met.
–Unnatural termination – project is stopped before completion. ( running out of
money or time). [1]

Ex: In a construction, this period is a final period of a construction project.

1.2 Leadership

leadership is a function of knowing yourself, having a vision that is well

communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking effective action to
realize your own leadership potential.

There are many leadership skills such as,

*Visioning
*Decision making and problem solving
*Empowering
*Influencing
*Communicating
*Strategizing
*Team building

A project without a good leadership will miss strategic opportunities, unable to

reach the goals, fall the quality, productivity and performance. [2]
Ex: In civil Engineering Construction project should have a good leadership, we
can see different types of teams work as well as a staff to guide and supervising.
1.3 Decision making

Every project starts with a decision. Leaders typically have a bias for action so they like making
decisions, and often do so with a strong sense of certainty that inspires those around them.The
whole purpose of allowing in the decision making process is to make a rational decision.
Rational decision making means a tendency that is suitable to the already existing goals within
the given conditions and constraints. Project Management thrives on the rationality of decisions
and here is where it is important for the Project manager to have a process which enables him
and his team decide rationally about different aspects of the project.[3]
 Ex: When designing a foundation to high rise building the designer has
deside that what type of foundation most suitable for this building,if he
get a wrong decision the building project is failed.

1.4 Negotiation
Negotiation is definitely the most powerful tool to balance interests and resolve conflicts .

And it is a strategic discussion that resolves an issue in a way that both parties find acceptable. In a
negotiation, each party tries to persuade the other to agree with his or her point of view. While we
often think that while negotiating, we should work towards a win-win situation, not all negotiation will
end that way.[4]

Good negotiation skills include:

 an ability to set goals and limits;

 emotional control;
 excellent listening skills;
 excellent verbal communication skills;
 knowledge of when and how to close the negotiation.

Negotiation falls within two categories:

 competitive negotiation;
 collaborative negotiation.

Ex: tendering procedure with the client and contractor.if a contrator’s price is
expensive,then the client can negotiate to get a reduction of price.
1.5 Delegation
delegation is primarily a mechanism for distributing work, it is also a tool for motivating and training
teams and individuals to realise their full potential. Delegation underpins a style of management that
encourages project team members to use and develop their skills and knowledge.

The objective of delegation is to get work done by someone else. This is not just a matter of giving
instructions on what needs to be done. It also involves matching the work to the behaviour and
competences of the delegated resources, as well as giving them the authority to react to situations and
make decisions.

Ex: In a Irrigation project selecting site supervisors,TO’s in experience in same field,

but if we select these people in contruction field experience,the project will be delay or
failure.

1.6 Recognition of constraints

A constraint is any factor which can limit or have an impact on a project.

Typical constraints are funding, the scope of the project, available resources and time. It is important
to understand what the constraints of any project are in order to clearly define the boundaries in
which project work must be done.

Projects which do not honour their constraints are often regarded as failures and tend to incur a
significant cost to their business.

1.7 Determination Of Objectives

Every project have objectives because it is a specific step that enables to
accomplish the final goal of the project.for effective performance management
setting right objectives is very important.there are several methods for setting
objectives. A most well-known is SMART way. Conditions of this method are
excellent for defning objectives.[6]
Ex:--
2.0 Benefits of project management

2.1 Increased efficiency.

Enabling a project manager to accurately determine the requirements of a project and to assess the
available resources and make best use of those resources. This ensures the scope, schedule and
budget are accurately set from the start.

Ex: cost of the project is lower than expected , project can be more profitable, etc..

2.2 Improved client satisfaction..

Whenever you complete any project on time and within budget, the customer will walk away satisfied and
happy. So happy customer is one that you’ll see again and again, and he will also recommend your
business to hundreds of other people. Greater awareness about your business means greater sales and
profits. Smart management of project is done using tools that enable client/manager relationship to
flourish.

Ex: customer gives you small building project to do in one month, but you build it within three weeks
and handover to customer, then the customer will satisfy your service.
 2.3 Greater Flexibility.
The biggest benefit of efficient management is ultimate flexibility. It allows you to firmly map out your
strategies on how you want your project to get completed. But, the biggest benefit of this organization is
that when you discover any smarter direction, you can immediately take it. For all types of companies, this
alone is worth the cost of admission.[5]

Ex: The flexibility to move site conversions up or down based on contingency planning is the
critical component to being flexible with the project plan and execution of the project.

2.4 Improved risk assignment

When all project players are lined up and your strategy is in place, then all potential risks will jump out
and may slap your in your face. Efficient management of projects helps you in assessing the risks and
warns you in time, even before you start working on any project.

Ex: In construction field all site members use SAFETY method, It has head protection, eye protection ,
hand protection, hearing protection, visibility jackets and foot protection.

2.5 Enhanced Communication with main contractor and sub-

contractor

Both are doing main role in project and enhanced communication is important to the project.in
field sometimes arise a problems due to the misunderstandings, lack of knowledge, is
agreements. So then the project management will control the situation. Before selecting a sub-
contractor, main contractor should know the reputations, fairness, price range of sub-contractor.
if a trouble arises during the construction, sub-contractor and main contractor should have to
negotiable to solve the problems.

Ex: In construction field if a disturbance arise within time duration

,contractor and sub-contractor should exert schedule meetings for deciding
Solutions.
2.6 Better development opportunities within the project team

Positive results not only command respect but more often than not inspire
your team to continue to look for ways to perform more efficiently.

Ex: Complete the project earlier than scheduled time. And can save money
from it.

Ex: Decide solutions with All other officers and get a Accurate decision.
 3.0.References

[1]. Hoffer, J., George, J. and Valacich, J. (2015). Modern systems analysis and
design. 6th Edition. Boston: Pearson.

[2]. guest484a666 (2017). Leadership In Project Management. [online]

Slideshare.net. Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/guest484a666/leadership-in-project-
management

[3] Joshi, S. and Joshi, S. (2017). Decision Making Models in Project Management. [online]
Projecttimes.com. Available at: https://www.projecttimes.com/articles/decision-making-models-in-project-
management.html

[4] Intense School. (2017). Effective Negotiation Skills In Project Management - Intense School. [online]
Available at: http://resources.intenseschool.com/effective-negotiation-skills-in-project-management/

[5]training, p. and Profile, P. (2017). Ten Benefits of Good Project Management - Project Accelerator
News. [online] Project Accelerator News. Available at: http://www.projectaccelerator.co.uk/ten-benefits-of-
good-project-management/

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