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Original Article
How to perform ovariectomy through a colpotomy
T. Prado* and J. Schumacher
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,
Tennessee, USA.
*Corresponding author email: tprado@utk.edu.
Keywords: horse; ovariectomy; colpotomy
Surgical procedure
A small pack of sterile gauze swabs, tethered to a sterile
suture (e.g. umbilical tape) and saturated with local
anaesthetic solution, such as mepivacaine HCl or lidocaine
HCl, is introduced into the vagina with the surgeon’s
dominant arm (Fig 1). Pressing the pack to the fornix of the
vagina for several minutes ensures that the mucosa at the
fornix is desensitised. A stab incision is made with a No.10 or
15 scalpel blade, tethered to sterile strand of suture (e.g.
umbilical tape), at the dorsolateral aspect of the fornix of the Fig 2: A stab incision is made with a No. 10 or 15 scalpel blade
at the dorsolateral aspect of the fornix of the vagina, at the 10.30
vagina, at the 10.30 or 13.30 h position, about 2 cm
or 13.30 h position, about 2 cm away from the base of the cervix
dorsolateral to the base of the cervix. This incision is cranial
and cranial and dorsal to the vaginal branch of the internal
and dorsal to the vaginal branch of the internal pudendal pudendal artery. *, site of incision; arrow, points to the vaginal
artery (i.e. the vaginal artery) (Embertson 2009), which can branch of the internal pudendal artery.
usually be easily palpated when the vagina is distended with
air (Figs 2 and 3). A right-handed surgeon can perform
bilateral ovariectomy more easily through a colpotomy
created on the right aspect of the vaginal fornix (i.e. the 1 – Internal illiac a.
13.30 h position), whereas a left-handed surgeon can perform 2 – Internal pudendal a.
3 – Vaginal a.
bilateral ovariectomy more easily through a colpotomy
created on the left aspect of the vaginal fornix (i.e. the
10.30 h position).
The blade is inserted through vaginal mucosa and
submucosa and the stab incision is spread, first with the jaws
of a haemostat and then with fingers, until an opening in the
mucosa and submucosa is created that can accommodate
the entire hand into the retroperitoneal space. Fascia and
peritoneum are torn with a finger to create a hole into the
abdominal cavity large enough to accommodate the hand
and forearm of the surgeon. Trying to thrust a finger through
the peritoneum, rather than tearing the peritoneum with a
finger, is ineffective because this manoeuvre pushes the
peritoneum away from the abdominal wall.
Fig 3: Schematic diagram showing the vaginal branch of the
internal pudendal artery. 1, internal iliac artery; 2, internal
pudendal artery; 3, vaginal artery.
Fig 4: Ovaries are identified and the pedicle of each ovary is craseur is secured against the proximal
Fig 6: The chain of the e
desensitised by pressing sterile gauze, saturated with local row of the surgeon’s phalanges, the ovary grasped, and the
anaesthetic solution, to each ovarian pedicle. chain slipped over the hand to encircle the ovarian pedicle. This
photograph was obtained through a laparoscope introduced into
the abdominal cavity at the mare’s flank, for the purpose of
demonstrating ovariectomy through a colpotomy.
Manufacturer's address Kamm, J.L. and Hendrickson, D.A. (2007) Clients’ perspectives on the
effects of laparoscopic ovariectomy on equine behavior and
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