Geography of

Pakistan
Political map of Pakistan

Special areas:
Provinces: 5. ICT(Islamabad capital
1. Baluchistan territory
2. N.W.F.P 6. FATA
3. Punjab 7. FANA(Gilgitbultistan)
4. Sindh 8. AJK(12700 km,7 districts)
Islamabad
• 1959_______foundation laid
• 1963________city completed
• Area_________906 sq.km
FATA

• Buffer b/w Pakistan and Afghanistan.

• It has 7 agencies.
1. Bajaur
2. Mohmand
3. Khyber
4. Kurram
5. Orakzai
6. North Waziristan
7. South Waziristan
FATA & Afghan provinces
FATA
Gilgit Baltistan

• It includes Ghizar,Gilgit,Diamar,Skardu and

Ghanche districts.
• There world’s three famous mountain
ranges meet-the Hamaliyas,the
Karakorams,the Hindukash.
• The whole area is known as paradise for
tourists.
• Seven Districts &Three divisions
PUNJAB(9 Divisions 36 Districts.)
Punjab(means land of five rivers)

• Potohar plateau
• Mountain ranges: sub Himalayas or
Siwaliks(5000 ft)
Sindh (23 districts)
K.P.K(24 districts)
 Baluchistan(30 districts)
• No mountain, so Baluchistan is a plateau.
Azad Jammu Kashmir

• Disputed territory.(UNO)
• Economy is pre dominantly agriculture.
• Leepa valley is most fascinating valley in
Azad Kashmir
AJK
Ethnic group
Pakistan land border (total 6,774 km)
• Afghanistan: Durand line,( 2443 km )
• Tajikistan: Wakhan Corridor:
• China: 523 km
• India: 2,912 km,
• Iran :909 km
• Oman:(marine border)
• Coastline: 1,046 km
Coastal area (1,050 km )
coastline of Pakistan:
Arabian sea
important coastal areas:
Karachi, Ormarah, Pasni and Gwader.
Sea ports:
Karachi and Bin Qasim.
some 40 km west of Karachi, Gwader under
construction, it will serve as a major hub of
economic activities for CARs.
Physical Pakistan
Mountains
Mountains

Reasons:
1. Volcanic
2. Tectonic
 Mountain Ranges
Famous mountain ranges of Pakistan are
Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, Sulaiman,
Toba Kakar, Kirthar and Salt range.
1) Mountainous North
2) Koh-e-Sufaid and Waziristan Hills
3) Sulaiman and Kirthar Mountains
4) Balochistan Plateau
5) Potowar Plateau and the Salt Ranges
Gasherbrum I : (26,470 ft )
(11th highest in the world)
Glaciers
1-Siachin : 75 km
2-Baltora : 62 km
3-Batura : 55 km
Northern Mountains

1. The Himalayas
2. The Karakorams
3. The Hindu Kush Range
4. The Sulaimans
• form the northern and western borders of Pakistan. Eight of
the world's ten highest peaks are to be found here, including
Mount Godwin-Austen-K2 -which, at 28,250 feet (8,610
metres), bows only to mighty Everest in earth' s struggle to
reach up to the skies.
Nanga Parbat- 26,660 ft
(8th highest in the world)
Koh-e-Safaid and Waziristan Hills
Koh-e-Safaid
(3,600m )
• commonly covered with snow.
• Sikeram, the highest peak in Koh-e-Safaid
Ranges rises to 4,760 m.
• Waziristan Hills:
• ranges from 1,500 and 3,000 m.
Sulaiman and Kirthar Mountains
(600 m )
Highest Peaks
• Takht-e-Sulaiman (3,487 m)
• Takatu (3,470m)
Potowar Plateau and the Salt Ranges

Northern boundary is formed by the kala

chitta ranges and the margalla hills.
Southern boundary by the salt ranges.
The main potwar plateau 300 - 600 m high.
Extend from jhelum river up to kalabagh
Sakesar peak (1,527 m) is the highest point
of the salt ranges.
Balochistan Plateau

1. Located west of sulaiman-kirthar

mountains.
2.Its western part is the makran coast range
(600 m). The central makran range (900 -
1200 m).
3.The highest peak ras koh, 3010 m.
Deserts

1) Kharan(Baluchistan)
2) Thal(Punjab)
3) Thar (Punjab-Sindh):Rajpotana in India,
 Cholistan ,Rohi -Punjab
 Nara -upper Sindh
 Tharparkar -lower Sindh
Rivers in Pakistan

NWFP BALUCHISTAN

• Indus • Hangol
• Kabul • Nari
• Swat
• Bolan
• Chitral
• Zhob • Dasht
• Panjkora • Mula
• Gormal • Rakhshan
• kurram • Pashin lora
Conti…
Punjab Sindh
• Jehlum • Hub
• Che • Mir nadi
• nab • Arl nadi
• Ravi • Malir nadi
• Sutlej
• beyas
Major Rivers

· The Indus : 1,800 miles

· Jhelum : 513 miles
· Chenab : 772 miles
· Ravi : 560 miles
· Sutlej : 964 miles
· Beas : 247 miles
Indus River

• The Indus River, rises in Tibet from a spring

known as 'The Mouth of the Lion'. It flows
down through the Karakoram Mountains to
enter the northern areas of Pakistan
Barrages and headwork's
Indus Ravi
• Chasma • Balloki
• Sidhnai
• Guddu
• Chenab:
• Jinnah • Khanki
• Kotri • Marala
• Sukkur • Qaudirabad
• Taunsa • Trimmu
• Sutlej: • Jehlum:
• rasol
• Sulemanki
• Trimmu
• islam
Major dams:

Pakistan has two major river dams:

• Tarbela Dam on the Indus,
• Mangla Dam on the Jhelum,
• Warsak Dam on the Kabul
• Rawal Dam
These dams, along with a series of
headworks and barrages irrigate cultivative
land.
 Tarbela Dam(1976)
• World's largest earth-filled - the indus
• Biggest hydal power station in pakistan(3,478
MW) .
 Mangla Dam
• World's third largest earth-filled dam
• South-east of Rawalpindi
• 3,353 meters long
• 116 meters high
Link canals

1) Rasul (jehlum)_________qadirabad(Chinab)
2) Qadirabad chinab_______balloki (ravi)
3) balloki (ravi)___________sulaimanki (Sutlej)
4) Chasma(indus)__________jehlum
5) Trimmu(indus)__________sindhnaj (Ravi)
6) Sindhani(ravi)__________mailsi-
bahawal(Sutlej)
7) Taunsa(indus)_________ the Punjnad.
Transportation and communication in
Pakistan
Road network:
• There are nine highways and 9 motorways
in Pakistan. Total length of all types of roads
is 259,758 km.
Railway network:
• Railway is built in plain areas. Total 808
railway stations, total length comprises of
7791 km.
Pakistan airways:

• PIA begins in 1955.it offers worldwide

services and cover 80 destinations in 46
countries in four continents. It is also
operating at 38 domestic destinations.
Private sector:
• Aero Asia,Hajveri airlines, Shaheen and
Bahoja airlines operating on both domestic
and international airlines.
 Agriculture in Pakistan
• About 67% population is living in rural areas, and 50% of
labor force is involved in farming, livestock and agro based
industries.
• Total area of Pakistan is 80 million hectares.
• 25.2% is cultivated area.
• 10% is culturally waste.
• 3.6%is under forests.
• Remaining 60% area is desert.
 Two main cropping seasons: RABI and
KHARIF
Non food crops: (cash crops)
• Wheat
Food crops: • Cotton
• Rice • Sugarcane
• Maize • Tobacco
• Grains • Rape seed
• Grams • Mustered
• Pulses • sesamum
• In production of wheat Pakistan is ranked 11th
in world, 4th in Asia.
• Cotton is the most important cash crop and
contributes in 2% in GDP.
• Pakistan is fourth in largest cotton growing
country of the world.
Climate:
• mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest;
arctic in north .
Terrain:
• flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and
northwest; Balochistan plateau in west.
Natural resources :
• land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited
petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt,
limestone .
Environment
• current issues:
• water pollution from raw sewage,
• industrial wastes,
• agricultural runoff;
• limited natural fresh water resources; a
majority of the population does not have
access to potable water;
• deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Natural Hazards

Frequent earthquakes:
Occasionally severe especially in north and
west.
Flooding :
Along the indus after heavy rains
(july and august)
Flood affected areas in Pakistan
INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES

1. Status of Kashmir with India

2. Border question with Afghanistan (Durand
Line)
4. Water-sharing problems (wullar barrage)
over the Indus with upstream Riparian India
Kashmir
Energy Resources

• Energy Resources

· WAPDA's Total Capacity : 11,246 MW

· KESC : 173 MW
· Nuclear : 1,801 MW
· Hubco : 1.292 MW
· Hydel : 4,825 MW
· Thermal : 6,421 MW
· Mangla : 1,000 MW
· Tarbela : 3,478 MW
· Warsak : 240 MW
· Per Capita Energy Consumption : 300 MW
Gas pipeline route