Horizontal Stability Check For Single Pile

II.
Foundation ((P-yy Analysis)

y )
•
Horizontal Stability Check by P-y Analysis
•
Horizontal Stability Check for Single Pile

•
Horizontal Stability Check for Battered Pile
•
SoilWorks
00. Table of Contents Foundation
01 L
01. Learning
i Objective
Obj ti 3
02. Overview 4
1. Points of Consideration
2. Composition of Modeling
03. Set Work Environment & Define Material Properties 8
1. Start SoilWorks / Import File

2. Define Ground Properties
3. Define Structural Properties
04. Modeling 11
1. Create Ground Layers & Assign Material Properties

2. Specify Foundation Type
3. Specify Applied Loadings
4. Specify Underground Water Level
05. Analysis 15
1. Specify Analysis Cases

2. Analysis
06 Analysis of Results & Analysis Report Generation

06. 18
1. Check Analysis Results

als
2. Analysis Report Generation
07. Analysis Guide 20

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2 | Foundation Tutorial
SoilWorks
01. Learning Objective Foundation
F
From thi tutorial,
this t t i l the
th user will
ill understand
d t d theth workflow
kfl associated
i t d with
ith the
th lateral
l t l load
l d analysis
l i
for a single pile. The user will also learn the use of various basic functions and the workflow of
SoilWorks in the process. The Foundation module of SoilWorks will be used as a basis for
undertaking p-y analysis.
The workflow of horizontal stability analysis is as follows:
STEP 01 Define ground material properties
STEP 02 Define pile material properties
Input ground layer thickness, assign ground

STEP 03
properties & input ground water level
Define foundation type

STEP 04
(Pile layout & length)
STEP 05 Specify forces applied to foundation
STEP 06 Define analysis cases & design options

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STEP 07 Execute analysis

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STEP 08 Analyze results
[Workflow in SoilWorks]
Horizontal Stability Check on Single Pile | 3

SoilWorks
02. Overview Foundation
1 P
1. Points
i t off Consideration
C id ti
The following points need to be considered in P-y analysis:
1) Allowable horizontal displacement

Horizontal displacement is limited to within 1% of the pile diameter.
2) Determine horizontal modulus of subgrade reaction.
① Use of the modulus of elasticity of ground
Circular Pile Kh = 0.56 Es / D Es: modulus of elasticity

of ground
Steel H Pile Kh = 0.49 Es / D
D Diameter
D: Di t off pile
il
② Undrained strength of clay (Davisson,1970)
Cu: Undrained cohesion

Kh = 67 Cu / D
D: Diameter of pile
③ Use of empirical data
Soil Type Kh (kN/m3)

Very soft silt or clay 2,940 ~ 14,700
Soft silt or clay 14 700 ~ 29
14,700 29,400
400
Medium stiff clay 29,400 ~ 147,000
Stiff clay over 147,000
Sand (cohesion-less) 29,400 ~ 78,400
Relative density of
Loose Medium Dense Dense
sand
als
Above ground water

2,156 6,566 17,640
level
[ 사질토지반의 ηh (KN/m3) ]
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Below ground water

1,274* 4,410 10,780
level
[Sand’s ηh (kN/m3)]
Soil Type ηh (kN/m3)

Soft normally consolidated clay 196 ~ 3,430
Normally consolidated organic
1,078 ~ 8,036
clay
Peat 29.4 ~ 107.8
[Normally Consolidated Clay’s ηh (kN/m3)]
SoilWorks
1 P
1. Points
i t off Consideration
C id ti
④ Use of N value of ground
E0: Modulus of Deformation

D : Diameter of Pile
Modulus of Deformation by Test α

E0 (KN/m2) Normal Earthquake
1/2 of deformation modulus obtained from repeated plate
1 2
loading tests using a steel disc of 300mm in diameter
Deformation modulus measured in boring holes 4 8
Deformation modulus obtained from uni-axial or tri-axial

4 8
compression tests of specimens
Deformation modulus estimated as E0=2800 N from the N
1 2
value of standard penetration test
[E0 & α Values]
Foundation Type BH Remarks
Shallow foundation
Stability / member
Caisson foundation ( βl <2 )
calculation
Elastic displacement
Caisson foundation ( 1< βl <2 )
calculation
Pile foundation
Steel pipe sheet pile foundation
[Converted loaded width of foundation BH ]
Through trial & error,

als
a) Fist assume the pile’s property, β.

b) Estimate the ground deformation modulus, E0 within the range of 1/ β at the design
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ground surface.
c)) C
Calculate
l l the
h converted
d lloaded
d d width,
id h BH off pile.
il
d) Use the equations and

e) Calculate β.
f) Repeat the steps from a) to f), if the result from the step e) differs from the value
assumed in the step a) by more than 1%.

SoilWorks
2 Composition
2. C iti off Modeling
M d li
The following shows the model of bridge pier foundations subjected to horizontal loadings:
The ground properties are also tabulated.
1) Composition of Modeling
The Model contains a single Steel pile in two layered soil.
soil
Clay
Sand
Cross Section
Elevation
[Composition of Modeling]
2) Material Properties
 Ground Properties
p
Name Clay Sand
Model Type Clay Sand

Unit Weight
rt(kN/m3)
18.7 19.9
Saturated Unit Weight

rsat(kN/m3)
20 21
General
Parameter
Cohesion
als
(kN/m2)
96.5 -
Internal Friction Angle

(degree)
- 35
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Sandy Soil
Material
ate a Type
ype Stiff C
St Clay
ay
(Seed
(S d ett al.)
l)
Initial Horizontal
Subgrade Reaction 1000 16,300
Kh (kN/m3)
Additional Strain at 50% Stress 0.007 -

Parameter
Unit Ultimate
Skin Friction 100 40
(kN/m2)
Unit Ultimate
Bearing Capacity 1000 4000
(kN/m2)
SoilWorks
2 Composition
2. C iti off M
Modeling
d li
 Pile Data
Name H Pile
El
Element
t Type
T U
User D
Defined
fi d Pil
Pile
Standard AISC-ASTM(SI)
Shape H
Section HP 360x132
Material Type Steel
Steel Grade User Defined
 Steel Section Properties

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 Steel Material Properties

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Name H Pile
Modulus of Elasticity
210000000
(kN/m2)
Poisson’s Ratio 0.3
Unit Weight (kN/m3) 80

SoilWorks
03. Set Work Environment & Define Material Properties Foundation
1 Start SoilWorks / Import File

1.
Select the SoilWorks execution icon from the desktop.

SoilWorks provides 7 modules,
1. Project Manager > select Foundation
Ground, Slope, Rock, Soft
Ground, Foundation, Seepage 2. Click
andDynamic
andDynamic. 3
3. Set the units for defining the initial variables to kN,
kN m,
m sec and click 
4. Click
The force and

1
di
dimension
i units
i are
automatically converted
whenever changes are
made in the modeling
process. But the time
unit will not be converted.
So the unit needs to be
checked when time
related parameters are
defined.
4
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[Starting SoilWorks’ Foundation Module]

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SoilWorks
2 Define
2. D fi GGround
d Properties
P ti
The command entered From the Main Menu, select Foundation > Property > Ground Material Property
in the Command (command: gm) 
Window may be used to
1. Enter ‘Stiff Clay’ in Name.
directly invoke the menu.
2. Select ‘Clay’
y for Model Type.
yp
Modulus of elasticity is 3. Wet Unit Weight: enter ’18.7’

not used for P-y analysis, 4. Saturated Unit Weight: enter ’20’
so it need not be entered.
5. Cohesion : enter ’96.5’
6. Material Type: select ‘Stiff Clay’
7. Initial Horizontal Subgrade Reaction ‘3000’
8. Strain at 50% stress ‘0.007’
9. Unit Ultimate Skin Friction: enter ’100’
10. Unit Ultimate Bearing Capacity ‘1000’
11. Click
12. Repeat the steps from 1 to 11 to define the properties for ‘Sand’. (Refer to Page 6)
13 Click
13.
2
6 ~ 10
3 ~ 5
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13
11
[Define Ground Properties]

SoilWorks
3 D
3. Define
fi StStructural
t l Properties
P ti
From the Main Menu select Foundation > Property > Structural Property
(command: sp)
1. Enter ‘H Pile’ in Name.
2. Select ‘User Defined Pile’ from the Element Type selection.
3. Standard: select ’AISC-ASTM(SI)’
4. Shape ‘H’
The diameter of the pile
is used to automatically 5. Section ‘HP 360x132’
calculate the section 6. Steel Grade ’User Defined’ 
Stiffness.
7. Under the Material Data tab, Properties > enter Modulus of Elasticity: ’210000000’,
Poisson’s Ratio: ’0.3’, Unit Weight: ‘80’.
8. Click
9. Click
1
2
3
6
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7
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11
8 9
[Define Structural Properties]
SoilWorks
04. Modeling Foundation
1 C
1. Create
t GGround
d Layers
L & Assign
A i Material
M t i l Properties
P ti
Main Menu > Foundation > Model > Soil Layer Information (command: dsli )
Assign the defined ground properties to ground layers.
1. Select ‘Single
Single Layer
Layer’..
2. In the Soil Layer Data table, Row 1, enter Name: ‘Clay’, Depth: ‘5’ and Ground
Material Property: select ‘Stiff Clay’
3. On Row 2, enter Name: ‘Sand’, Depth: ‘20’ and Ground Material Property: select
‘Sand’
4. Click
5. Click
2 ~ 3
5
als
[Assign Ground Properties to Ground Layers]

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SoilWorks
2 S
2. Specify
if FFoundation
d ti Type
T
From the Main Menu, select Foundation > Model > Foundation Type
(command: FDI)
Specify the foundation structure data to be incorporated into the ground conditions.
1. To define the foundation type, enter ‘Pile’ in Name.

2. For the pile layout, select ‘H Pile’ for Structural Property.
3. Pile Length: enter ’15.2’
4. Number of Rows in X direction: enter ‘1’
5. Check on Foundation Left Distance in order to locate the foundation slab from the
center and enter ‘0’
6. Pile Arrangement in the Y direction: enter the Number of Rows ‘1’
7. Check on Foundation Top Distance in order to locate the foundation slab from the
center and enter ‘0’
8. Click
9. Check the pile layout diagram to the right.
10. Click
11. Click
2 3
4 6
5 7
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8
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10 11
[Specify Foundation Type]
SoilWorks
3 Specify
3. S if Applied
A li d Loadings
L di
Specify loadings applied to the foundation.
From the Main Menu, select Foundation > Load / Boundary > Foundation Load
(command: FDL)
1. From the foundation load definition window, enter the following :
Load Set Vx (kN) Vy (kN) P(kN) Mx(kN*m) My(kN*m) Mz(kN*m)
100 100 0 -222 0 0 0
200 200 0 -222

222 0 0 0
300 300 0 -222 0 0 0
400 400 0 -222 0 0 0
600 600 0 -222 0 0 0
2. Click
1
als
[Specify Applied Loadings]

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SoilWorks
4 S
4. Specify
if UUnderground
d d Water
W t Level
L l
From the Main Menu, Foundation > Load / Boundary > Water Level
(command: WL )
1
1. E t ‘Water
Enter ‘W t Level’
L l’ iin B
Boundary
d S
Set.
t
2. Specify ‘5’ for Water Level.
3. Click
[Specify Underground Water Level]

als
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SoilWorks
05. Analysis Foundation
1 S
1. Specify
if Analysis
A l i Cases
C
From the Main Menu, select Foundation > Analysis Control > Analysis Case
(command: ac)
1. Click in the analysis case definition window.
2. Enter ‘100’ in Name.
3. Select ‘p-y Nonlinear Analysis’ for Analysis Method.
4. Click Analysis Control Data
5. Number of Load Steps: enter ’10’
6. Maximum Number of Iterations: enter ’10’
7. Number of Divisions for Pile Element: enter ‘100’
8. Click
9. Among the defined foundation types, select Pile’ and drag & drop into the ‘Data used
in Analysis’ box.
10. Select ‘Water Level’ from the Boundary Set of All Input Data and drag & drop into the
‘Data used in Analysis’ box.
11 Select ‘100’
11. 100 from the Load Set of All Input Data and drag & drop into the ‘Data
Data used
in Analysis’ box.
12. Click
13. Similarly define other analysis case by selecting other loads.
1 13
5
25
[Define Additional Analysis Case] 7
2
als
3 4
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10
11
8
12
[Specify Analysis Case] [Specify Analysis Controls]

SoilWorks
als
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SoilWorks
2 A
2. Analysis
l i
Analysis will be carried out using the Analysis Cases.
From the Main Menu, select Foundation > Run > Analysis (command: ra)
1. Ensure all the analysis cases are checked on.
A
Any d t
data generated
t d 2
2. Click 
during the process of
analysis is displayed at
the bottom of Analysis
Execution Manager.
Especially, use caution
when Warnings appear 1
as the
h analysis
l i results
l
may be erroneous.
Analysis data is saved in
a text file format in .OUT
file in the same folder as
Save file.
[Analysis]
2
als
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SoilWorks
06. Analysis of Results & Analysis Report Generation Foundation
1 Check
1. Ch k Analysis
A l i Results
R lt
Check P-y analysis results for the analysis cases.
From the Result Tree, select Foundation > Result Display

1. Select Foundation Type.
2
2. Select Analysis Case
Case.
3. Select a pile to be checked.
4. Select the checking direction.
5. Check the analysis results: Horizontal Displacement, Moment, Shear Force & Ground
Reaction relative to depths.
6. g tabs to check the results in tables.
Use the Result Tree or Post Dialog
[Check Analysis Results]

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[Post Dialog Analysis Results]
SoilWorks
06. Analysis of Results & Analysis Report Generation Foundation
2 A
2. Analysis
l i R Reportt G
Generation
ti
Generate a report of the results of P-y analysis.
From the Main menu, select Foundation > Run > Report (command: rr)
1. Select Foundation Analysis Result Report.
F d ti
Foundation A l i
Analysis 2
2. Click 
Result Report can be 3. After generating the report, double click Foundation Analysis Check under the
generated only after p-y
Design & Report tab to check the analysis report. 
analysis in Post Mode.
The report is produced in
the MS-Words format
and saved in the same
1
f ld off the
folder h analysis
l i file.
fil
[Generate Analysis Report]

3
When generating the
report, the file path, file
name and analysis case
name must not include
special characters (e.g.
(e g
[, ], ^, &, %).
als
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SoilWorks
07. Analysis Guide Foundation
Thi tutorial
This t t i l has
h reviewed
i d P-y
P nonlinear
li analysis
l i tot check
h k the
th horizontal
h i t l stability
t bilit off bridge
b id
foundations.
For a given ground condition, SoilWorks can simultaneously check a number of foundation types,
which enables the user to effectively design foundations with alternatives. The results are
concisely reported, which include the support capacity, settlements and pile forces.
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Tuttoria

Horizontal Stability Check For Single Pile

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II.

Foundation ((P-yy Analysis)

Horizontal Stability Check for Single Pile

00. Table of Contents Foundation

03. Set Work Environment & Define Material Properties 8

1. Start SoilWorks / Import File

1. Create Ground Layers & Assign Material Properties

1. Specify Analysis Cases

06 Analysis of Results & Analysis Report Generation

1. Check Analysis Results

2. Analysis Report Generation

07. Analysis Guide 20

01. Learning Objective Foundation

The workflow of horizontal stability analysis is as follows:

STEP 01 Define ground material properties

STEP 02 Define pile material properties

Input ground layer thickness, assign ground

Define foundation type

STEP 05 Specify forces applied to foundation

STEP 06 Define analysis cases & design options

STEP 07 Execute analysis

STEP 08 Analyze results

Horizontal Stability Check on Single Pile | 3

02. Overview Foundation

The following points need to be considered in P-y analysis:

1) Allowable horizontal displacement

2) Determine horizontal modulus of subgrade reaction.

① Use of the modulus of elasticity of ground

Circular Pile Kh = 0.56 Es / D Es: modulus of elasticity

② Undrained strength of clay (Davisson,1970)

Cu: Undrained cohesion

③ Use of empirical data

Soil Type Kh (kN/m3)

Above ground water

Below ground water

Soil Type ηh (kN/m3)

02. Overview Foundation

E0: Modulus of Deformation

Modulus of Deformation by Test α

Deformation modulus measured in boring holes 4 8

Deformation modulus obtained from uni-axial or tri-axial

Foundation Type BH Remarks

Steel pipe sheet pile foundation

[Converted loaded width of foundation BH ]

Through trial & error,

a) Fist assume the pile’s property, β.

d) Use the equations and

Horizontal Stability Check on Single Pile | 5

02. Overview Foundation

Name Clay Sand

Model Type Clay Sand

Saturated Unit Weight

Internal Friction Angle

Additional Strain at 50% Stress 0.007 -

02. Overview Foundation

Material Type Steel

Steel Grade User Defined

 Steel Section Properties

 Steel Material Properties

Unit Weight (kN/m3) 80

Horizontal Stability Check on Single Pile | 7

03. Set Work Environment & Define Material Properties Foundation

Load Set Vx (kN) Vy (kN) P(kN) Mx(kNm) My(kNm) Mz(kN*m)