Liberty University PSYC 341 Week 7

Exam
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PSYC 341 Week 7 Exam

· Question 1

The term ______________ was coined in 1973 by biologist Michael Ghiselin (1973), and later
popularized by the anthropologist John Tooby and psychologist Leda Cosmides in the early 1990s.

· Question 2

For Charles Darwin, it has been clear that all life forms are confronted with two fundamental
problems of adaptation, namely __________ and ___________.
· Question 3

Buss and his colleague Heidi Greiling propose _______ distinct sources of individual differences

· Question 4

Evolutionary theory of personality argues that the theory rates quite highly
______________________.

· Question 5

The fourth adaptive personality system revolves around one's capacity and commitment to work and
is the core characteristic of _______________.

· Question 6

________ are evolved strategies that solve important survival and/or reproductive problems.

Question 7
The evolutionary process of natural and sexual selection and chance results in _____ distinct
outcomes.

· Question 8

Traits that happen as a result of adaptations but are not part of the functional design are called
_________.

· Question 9

___________ mechanisms are internal and specific cognitive, motivational, and personality systems
that solve specific survival and reproduction problems.

· Question 10

Which statement is most true for the evolutionary theory of personality as it relates as a guide for
practitioners in psychology:
· Question 11

_____________ is change in gene function that does not involve changes in DNA

· Question 12

People high in __________ are also driven and ambitious.

· Question 13

The essence of Buss's theory of personality revolves around adaptive problems and their
_____________.

· Question 14
Psychological mechanisms relevant to personality can be grouped into all the following categories,
except:

· Question 15

_________ is also marked by a tendency to take risks and to experience positive emotion (i.e., be
happy) and initiating and maintaining friendships and relationships.

· Question 16

Psychological mechanisms relevant to personality can be grouped into _______ main categories.

· Question 17

The tendency to assume that the environment alone can produce behavior void of a stable internal
mechanism is called ___________.

· Question 18
As a young man, Skinner wanted to become a

· Question 19

According to Skinner, scientists seldom fabricate data mostly because

· Question 20

The label that best fits Skinner's work is

· Question 21

Concerning emotions, Skinner believed all EXCEPT which of the following?

· Question 22
Skinner believed that some behavior is unconscious because the person does not think about the
aversive stimuli connected with it. Not thinking about aversive stimuli is an example of

Question 23

For Skinner, natural selection

· Question 24

To Skinner, human personality is shaped by

· Question 25

The systematic withholding of reinforcement previously contingent upon a response until the
probability of the response diminishes to zero is Skinner's definition of
· Question 26

Skinner believed that the most useful data for predicting and controlling behavior are

· Question 27

Skinner believed that human behavior is shaped by all these factors EXCEPT

· Question 28

Skinner's technique of "doing something else" is used

· Question 29

According to Skinner, the rate of operant extinction depends largely upon the
· Question 30

The three conditions essential to operant conditioning are

· Question 31

On the subject of dreams, Skinner believed that

· Question 32

People, who make rewards or punishments contingent on the behavior of another are using which
of Skinner's methods of social control?

· Question 33
Skinner defines negative reinforcement as any condition that,

· Question 34

For Bandura, learning through modeling involves

· Question 35

Bandura recognizes all of these as processes that govern observational learning EXCEPT

Question 36

According to Bandura, collective efficacy

· Question 37

The first requirement for internal self-regulation, according to Bandura, is

· Question 38

In order for observational learning to lead to new response patterns, Bandura claims that those
patterns must be

· Question 39

Ordinarily, the strongest source of self-efficacy, according to Bandura, is

· Question 40

Bandura believes that ______ is a mechanism common to all successful therapy techniques.
· Question 41

According to Bandura, collective efficacy is lowered when

· Question 42

Bandura holds that reinforcement is

· Question 43

The bureaucrat who answers criticism by responding "That's the way things are done around here" is
using Bandura's disengagement technique of

Question 44
Bandura's treatment technique that involves the extinction of anxiety or fear through self- or
therapist-induced relaxation is

· Question 45

Compared to Skinner's approach, Bandura's theory is more

Question 46

Bandura believes that motivation to change dysfunctional behavior is enhanced by

· Question 47

Bandura believes that both external and internal factors play a role in self-regulation. An example of
an internal factor would be

· Question 48
Bandura reasons that if behavior were completely a function of the environment,

Question 49

According to Bandura, depressed individuals are inclined to punish themselves severely for poor
performance. This illustrates a distortion of

· Question 50

A terrorist dismisses the death of one hostage as unimportant in comparison to the hundreds of his
comrades killed by government security forces. This illustrates Bandura's disengagement technique
of

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