English literature

1. 1. English Literature
Reporter: Jane H. Basto BEED
2. 2. Introduction to English
Literature
3. 3. English literature is the
literature which is distinctly
written in the English
language, as opposed to
differing languages. English
literature includes literature
composed in English by
writers not necessarily from
England nor primarily English-
speaking nations.
4. 4. Until the early 19th
century, this article deals with
literature from Britain written
in English; then America starts
to produce major writers and
 works in literature. In the 20th
century America and Ireland
produced many of the most
significant works of literature
in English, and after World
War II writers from the former
British Empire also began to
challenge writers from Britain.
5. 5. Geographical
Background
6. 6. • Great Britain is the
largest of the British Isles. On
Great Britain are located three
constituent countries of the
United Kingdom: Scotland in
the north, England in the
south and east and Wales in
the west. There are also
 numerous smaller islands off
the coast of Great Britain.
7. 7. • The British Isles is an
archipelago consisting of the
two large islands of Great
Britain and Ireland, and many
smaller surrounding islands. •
By tradition, it also includes
the Channel Islands, although
they are physically closer to
the continental mainland. •
The full list of islands in the
British Isles includes over
6,000 islands, of which 51
have an area larger than 20
km².
8. 8. History Of English
Literature
9. 9. The Anglo-Saxon Period
(449-1066 BC)
10. 10. The Anglo-Saxons •
“Anglo-Saxon” is the term
applied to the Englishspeaking
inhabitants of Britain from
around the middle of the fifth
century until the time of the
Norman Conquest, when the
Anglo-Saxon line of English
kings came to an end.
11. 11. The Anglo-Saxons •
Bede tells us that the Anglo-
Saxons came from Germania.
• The languages spoken by
the inhabitants of Germania
were a branch of the Indo-
European family of languages,
which linguists believe
 developed from a single
language spoken some five
thousand years ago in an area
that has never been identified
—perhaps, some say, the
Caucasus.
12. 12. Old English dialects The
language spoken by the
Anglo-Saxons at the time of
their migration to Britain was
probably more or less uniform.
Over time, however, Old
English developed into four
major dialects: 1.
Northumbrian, spoken north
of the river Humber 2.
Mercian, spoken in the
midlands 3. Kentish, spoken in
Kent (in the far southeastern
 part of the island); 4. West
Saxon, spoken in the
southwest.
13. 13. Old English literature, or
AngloSaxon literature,
encompasses literature
written in Old English in
Anglo-Saxon England, in the
period after the settlement of
the Saxons and other
Germanic tribes in England
after the withdrawal of the
Romans and "ending soon
after the Norman Conquest" in
1066.
14. 14. The Anglo-Saxon
influenced English Literature
when they brought with them
a rich tradition of oral
 literature steeped in their
customs, pagan beliefs and
rituals.  The lyric and epic
poetry they wrote told of the
hardships of survival and the
importance of courage in
performing heroic deeds. It
dignified the difficulties and
dangers faced by the warriors
before they succeeded in their
heroic feats.
15. 15. Some significant literary
work in this period: 1.
Ecclesiastical History of the
English People and Caedmon
Hymn by Bede 2. Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle by Alfred the Great
3. The Wonderer 4. Deor’s
Lament 5. A Dream of the
 Rood 6. The Battle of Maldon
7. Beowulf (Lone Surviving
Epic of English Literature)
16. 16. The significant literary
genres were: Chronicle
Formulaic Poetry Epic Poem
(Tribal Scop)
17. 17. Some significant literary
work in this period are came
from ANONYMOUS WRITERS
18. 18. The Medieval Period
(1066 B.C.-1485 A.D.)
19. 19. The Medieval Period
(1066 B.C.-1485 A.D.) Celtic
fancy, Anglo-Saxon solidity,
and Norman vivacity-these
were the original ingredients
of English life and letters. The
third of these was brought
 into England from northern
France by William the
Conqueror and his Norman
knights and churchmen.
Castles and feudalism, joust
and duels, cathedral and
monasteries, chivalry and
adventure were the
contributions of these
aristocratic newcomers.
20. 20. Middle English lasts up
until the 1470s, when the
Chancery Standard, a form of
Londonbased English, became
widespread and the printing
press regularized the
language. The prolific
Geoffrey Chaucer, whose
works were written in
 Chancery Standard, was the
first poet to have been buried
in Poet's Corner of
Westminster Abbey. Among
his many works, which include
The Book of the Duchess, the
House of Fame, the Legend of
Good Women and Troilus and
Criseyde, Chaucer is best
known today for
21. 21. Some Significant
literary Works of this period
were: 1. Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight 2. Morte
D’Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory
3. The Vision of the Piers
Plowman by William Langland
4. The Owl and the
 Nightingale 5. Canterbury
Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
22. 22. The Significant Literary
Genres were: 1. Elegy 2.
Religious Liturgy 3. Narrative
Romance 4. Lay or Lais 5.
Arthurian Romance 6. Fabliau
23. 23. GEOFFREY CHAUCER
(1343-1400)
24. 24. Geoffrey Chaucer
Outstanding in English Poet
before William Shakespeare
whose Canterbury Tales ranks
as one of the greatest poetic
works in English. Born in the
middle class family. He was
said to be fluent in French,
Latin and Italian. His first
important poem The Book of
 Duchess a dream vision of
elegy for Blanche, Duchess of
Lancaster who died for a
plague.
25. 25. Geoffrey Chaucer
Literary Works
26. 26.  The Canterbury Tales,
 Troilus and Criseyde  Book
of the Duchess. Other Major
Poems  The House of Fame 
The Parliament of Fowles 
The Legend of Good Women
Prose  Treatises  Treatise on
the astrolabe Short Poems 
The Complaint of Chaucer to
His Purse  Truth  Gentilesse
 Merciles Beaute  Lak of
Stedfastnesse  Against
Women Unconstant.
27. 27. English Renaissance or
The Elizabethan Period (1485-
1625)
28. 28. The Elizabethan Period
(1485-1625) The most
splendid in the history of
English literature. Literary
works were characterized by
immense vitality and richness.
The flowering of poetry and
the golden age of drama. The
most noted poet of the period
was William Shakespeare.
29. 29. The Elizabethan Period
(1485-1625) Queen
Elizabeth the most regal
monarch at the age of
monarchy was the key figure
in influencing the life of her
 constituents. She was a great
advocate of peace and order.
The high age of aristocracy.
The golden age of English
literature.
30. 30. Significant Dates 1492
– The discovery of America; an
opening of entirely new world.
1534 – The Act of
Supremacy; the sundering of
the English Church from Rome
1558 – The accession of
Elizabeth I; the beginning of
an age of comparative
toleration.
31. 31. Gradual Appearance of
several literary features 1.
There was an increase in the
number of translation. Such as
 the North’s translation of
Plutarch’s Lives (1579);
Phaers (Virgil 1588); Golding’s
Bird (1565) and Chapman’s
Homer (1595). These
translation opened out new
realms of wonder and
romance and provided models
for the creative writing of
Englishmen. 2. A lyrical
impulse, strong and sweet,
began o pervade English
literature. Most of the greater
poets contributed to poetry of
time.
32. 32. Gradual Appearance of
several literary features 3.
The drama assumed a
commanding position in the
 writing of the day. William
Shakespeare roll to fame and
honor. 4.The technique of
poetry–the skill in the
management of meter show
great advancement. 5. The
rise of prose writing. There
was a vast travel of body of
travel literature. There was
even an approach to prose
fiction.
33. 33. Some significant literary
works in this period were: 1.
Faerie Queene, Shepher’s
Calendar by Edmund Spenser
2. Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity
by Richard Hooker 3. Book of
Martyrs by John Foxe 4.
Musophilus by Samuel Daniel
 5. The Nymph’s Replied to the
Shepherd by Sir Walter
Raleigh 6. William
Shakespeare Works
34. 34. William Shakespeare •
Born: Baptised 26 April 1564
(birth date unknown)
Stratford-uponAvon,
Warwickshire, Engl and •
Died: 23 April 1616 (aged 52)
Stratford-uponAvon,
Warwickshire, Engl and •
Occupation; Playwright, poet,
actor • Signature:
35. 35. William Shakespeare’s
Works
36. 36. Significant literary
genre 1. Sonnet 2.
Elizabethan Lyric 3.
 Elizabethan Drama 4.
Historical Poems 5. Pastoral
Romance
37. 37. The th 17 Century or
the Puritan Period (1625-
1700)
38. 38. The 17th Century or the
Puritan Period (1625-1700)
Catastrophe struck Britain.
The Civil War, the Black
Plague and the great fire of
London disrupted the
otherwise orderly existence of
the English people. Literature
was permeated by the light
hearted cavalier of the solemn
Puritans. The Period of
Dissension and Calamity
39. 39. Significant literary
works during this period 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. Areopaitica by John
Milton Devotions by John Done
Religio Medici by Thomas
Brown History of Henry VII by
Francis Bacon Works by Ben
Johnson The garden by
Andrew Marvell
40. 40. Significant literary
genre: 1. Restoration Comedy
and Tragedy 2. Metaphysical
Poetry 3. False Pindaric or
Irregular Ode 4. Light Prose
41. 41. The th 18 Century or
the Period of Classism (1700-
1800)
42. 42. The 18th Century or the
Period of Classism (1700-
 1800) Dawning of the age of
reason The London become
the the center of of the
bustling city life. Literary
mastered have their crafts
and have written with
sophistication and finesse.
Prose writing become
popular. The periodical and
novel gained popularity and
public acceptance. The
periodical became the origin
of what we call now as clarity
and public acceptance.
43. 43. Significant literary
works during this period 1.
The London Merchant by
George Lillo 2. Conscious
Lovers by Richard Steels 3.
 The Fair Penitent: The Tragedy
of Jane Shore: The tragedy of
Lady Grey by Nicholas Rowe
4. The Distressed Mother by
Ambrose Philip 5. Cato by
Joseph Addison 6. The West
Indian by Richard Cumberland
7. The Stoops to Conquer by
Oliver Goldsmith 8. The
Rivals: School for Scandals by
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
44. 44. Significant literary
genre: Opera Ballad Opera
Pantomime Prose Tragedy
45. 45. The Romantic Period
(1800-1837)
46. 46. The Romantic Period
(1800-1837) The Golden age
of the lyric poetry belongs to
 the youth. A literature of
vigor and courage, love and
wisdom, despair and hope.
Romantic poets pointed to
the wild, unfathomable
beauties of nature, the
elusive, supernatural vision of
mystics and the mysterious
atmosphere of religion that
had east such celestial light
about the middle ages.
47. 47. The Romantic Period
(1800-1837) • Queen Victoria
came to the throne, this
romantic fever had somewhat
burned itself out. • Men had
turned their attention to the
far reaching implications of
the industrial revolution which
 was at last transforming the
entire surface and structure of
England.
48. 48. Significant literary
works during this period 1. 2.
3. 4. Society: Castle by
Thomas W. Robertson
Widowers’ Houses by George
Bernard Shaw Lady
Windermere’s Fan by Oscar
Wilde The Second Mrs.
Tanqueray by Arthur Wind
Pinero 5. Song of Innocence
and of Experience by William
Blake 6. Lyrical Ballads by
William Wordsworth and
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
49. 49. Significant literary
works during this period 7.
 Prometheus Unbound by Percy
Bysshe Shelley 8. To Psyche;
On a Grecian Ura; To a
Nightingale by John Keats 9.
Childe Harold; Don Juan by
Lord Byron 10. Sense and the
Sensibility; Pride and
Prejudice; Mansfield
Park;Persuasion by Jane
Austen
50. 50. Significant literary
genre: • Heroic Couplet •
Historical Novel
51. 51. The Victorian Period
(1837-1900
52. 52. The Victorian Period
(1837-1900) Victoria I
became a Queen of England in
1817, 3 years after the death
 of Coleridge and thirteen
years before the death of
Wordsworth. She reigned
until her own death in 1901.
The reign in England of
comparable length is that of
Elizabeth I (1558-1603) and
like Elizabeth Victoria had not
only a political but a literary
epoch named for her.
53. 53. The Victorian Period
(1837-1900) The keynote of
the age was the 1851 Great
Exhibition to London, a
triumphant display intended
to illustrate the superiority of
England’s scientific, social and
technological achievements.
54. 54. Significant literary
works during this period 1.
The Pickwick Papers; Oliver
Twist: David Copperfield: A
Tale of Two Cities: Great
Expectations by Charles
Dickens 2. Vanity Fair by
William Makepeace Thackeray
3. Pilgrim’s Progress by John
Bunyan 4. The Last Chronicle
of Barset; Barchester Towers;
The Warden by Anthony
Trollope 5. Wuthering Heights
by Emily Bront
55. 55. Significant literary
works during this period 6.
Agnes Grey by Anne Bronte 7.
Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte
8. Silas Marner; Scenes of
 Clerical Life; The Mill on the
Floss Middlemach by George
Elliot 9. The Lotos Eater;
Ulysses; Lockley Hall; Idylle of
the Kings; In Memoriam by
Alfred Lord 10. The Cry of the
Children by Elizabeth Barrett
Browning
56. 56. Significant literary
works during this period
11.The Bishop Orders His
Tome at St. Fraxed’s Church;
The Ring and the Book by
Robert Browning 12. Culture
and Anarchy by Matthw Arnold
13. Confession of an English
Opium-Eater; On Knocking in
the Gate of Macbeth by
Thomas DeQuincy 14. History
 of England by Thomas
Babington Macaulay
57. 57. Significant literary
works during this period 15.
Sartor Resartus; The French
Revolution; Heroes and Hero-
Worship; Past and Present by
Thomas Carlyle 16. The
Stones of Venice by John
Ruskin 17. The Development
of Christian Doctrine; The Idea
of a University; Grammar
Assent by John Henry
Newman 18. On Liberty; The
Subjection of Women by John
Stuart Mill
58. 58. Significant literary
genre: Novels Magazine
Serial Dramatic Dialogue
59. 59. The th 20 Century or
The Modern Period (1900 up
to Present)
60. 60. The 20th Century or
The Modern Period (1900 up
to Present) Literature of this
periods exemplifies the
improved crafts of masters.
The novel has flourished and
writers have risen not only to
popularity but to distinction as
well. The emerging values of
the modern times are
embodied in the works of
authors who defy the
conventions of the old world.
61. 61. The 20th Century or
The Modern Period (1900 up
to Present) Science and
 technology became the basis
for advancement. While
Orthodox beliefs are
considered standard criteria
for excellence, the emerging
needs for radical changes
became the order of the day.
62. 62. Significant literary
works of this period 1. Jude,
the Obscure; Far From
Maddening crowd; The
Dynasts; The Return of Native
by Thomas Hardy 2. The
Tower; The Winding Stair by
W.B. Yeats 3. The Lyrical
Ballads by William Wordsworth
and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
4. The Almayer’s Folly; The
 Nigger of the “Narcissus” by
Joseph Conrad
63. 63. Significant literary
works of this period 5. Howard
End; A Passage to India by
E.M. Foster 6. The Voyage
Out; Night and Day; Mrs.
Dalloway; To the Lighthouse
by Virginia Woolf 7. A Portrait
of the Artist as a Young Man
by James Joyce 8. Sons and
Lovers; The Rainbow; Lady
Chatterley’s Lover by D. H.
Lawrence
64. 64. Significant literary
works of this period 9. Modern
Comedy; Swan Song; The Man
of Property 10. The White
Monkey; The Silver Spoon by
 John Galsworthy 11. The
Egoist; Beauchamp’s Career
by George Meredith 12.
Captain Courageous; Jungle
Book by Rudyard Kipling
65. 65. Significant literary
genre: Novel Blank Verse
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