2.

4 The Best Service for an Optimal Use of Electricity

The use of electricity should not stop in the delivery of power but lead also to sustainable
development and stimulate market growth. Therefore, the technological solution provided for a
given community should permit the development of “productive uses” of electricity.

By definition, a “productive use” involves the application of energy/electricity for the generation
of income or value. Usually, productive uses of electricity are only linked to direct income
generating activities (ex: motive power for agricultural, industrial and commercial uses) but the
truth is that the productive uses of electricity are already present by the simple fact of providing
electricity. Access to electricity will automatically generate a surplus within the domestic
economies (saving up money otherwise spent in expensive candles, kerosene or disposable
batteries) and will also promote micro-enterprise development (example: basket making,
handcraft, sewing, etc.)

The enhancement of education activities, the improvement of health services or the facilitation of
information and communication technologies, plays also a very important role in the economic
development of a human community. Educated and healthy people will possess greater potential
for income generation!

Therefore, the use of electricity to extend the total numbers of productive hours available
(beyond daylight hours), to enable the access to information (to make business decisions), to
increase life expectancy or to develop higher literacy rates, should also be considered a
productive use. Together with the possibility of establishing hotels, restaurants, repair shops,
retail stores or communication centers, the delivery of electricity will certainly contribute to the
sustainable development of rural communities.

Hybrid systems allow for all productive uses of electricity (domestic, public and income-
generating uses), permitting the scaling up of productive applications and rural development.

Besides the countries where even now the main town or urban areas/cities are found to be
equivalent to the rural villages of some developed countries the Hybrid System can be a very
good solution for them. Some people may want their personal load to be fed up by personal
electricity generation at the time of load-shedding or power interruption. They can use Hybrid
System to fully functionalize their home equipment or appliances. Thus choosing Hybrid System
is a best solution for them.

2.5 Hybrid Systems Based on RES Can Meet Every Energy Demand!
2.5.1 The Least Cost Option (On a Life Cycle Basis)

For a given community, the costs of different electricity supply alternatives will vary depending
on specific local conditions, such as load size and distribution, renewable resource availability,
fuel price and transportation network.

A combination of improved technology and economies of scale has pushed down the costs of
renewable energy technologies. Unlike most conventional energy sources, the cost of producing
electricity from renewable energy sources will decrease significantly in the future, given the
necessary conditions.

However, despite the favorable trends of renewable energy sources, they are still perceived as
high cost options. The reasons can be found within the benefits enjoyed by the conventional
energy systems such as favorable policy frameworks and public financing advantages, giving as
a result low capital costs, though leaving the evidence of significant operating costs. Renewable
energy systems seldom enjoy direct or indirect subsidies, because of their environmental
benefits.

Still, renewable energy technologies are already the least cost electrification option in rural areas,
even without internalizing environmental costs. The initial high capital costs are offset by the
low operation and maintenance costs, the on-site production (fuel delivery cost can exceed the
wholesale fuel price), as well as the inexistent or little fuel expense (which is the single largest
cost on a life cycle basis), the increased reliability and the longer expected useful life of
renewable energy technologies.
Chapter two (three)

Renewable energy means the energy that replenishes itself after some time periodically and
automatically. Most renewable systems rely on solar energy directly or through the weather cycle
as wave power, hydroelectric power, or wind power. In addition, the gravitational force of the
moon can be harnessed through tidal power, and the heat trapped in the center of the earth is used
via geothermal energy systems. Renewable energy has zero purchase prices and has non-
depleting sources whose conversion into energy is free from emission and radiation, contrary to
the conventional fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) and nuclear fission materials.

It should be noted that compared to the conventional energy systems the renewable energy
system has certain limitations like:

(i) Very low conversion efficiency

(ii) Very high capital cost

(iii) Non-feasibility of devising a single large-sized conversion unit and

(iv) Uncertainty of the source about being available all the time.

Because of the intermittent nature, some conventional power source is to be provided as 'back-
up' if uninterrupted supply is essential. Nevertheless, renewable energy systems are making
inroads, though slowly, into the electrical energy sectors of an increasing number of developing
as well as developed countries. In the developed countries, the penetration of renewable sources
is mainly due to strict enforcement of environmental regulations regarding fossil fuel and nuclear
power plants to prevent global warming.

Conclusion

Whatever the situation is, in urban areas of Bangladesh the usability of Hybrid Systems for
power generation is being grown up day by day. Usability of small amount of power is being
required due to formation of small families, small apartments, and small business centers and
even for street lights and control panels in routing. With the passage of time the consciousness is
growing in human mind about the power usage and its future crisis in upcoming generation. So
not focusing on the resources that Bangladesh has but taking advantage of it, Hybrid Systems can
become a very powerful solution for the future power crisis and rescue the whole nation from its
danger.