Assessment 4

1. For each of the following, state whether debit or credit increases the balance Account

Answer:

Asset Debit

Expense Debit

Liability Credit

Equity Credit

2 Which of the following is true?

a) Credit entries in an asset account decreases the balance

b) Debit entries into a liability account decreases the balance

c) Debit entries into an equity account increases the balance

d) All of the Above

Answe: All of the Above

3 What is the difference between single and double entry accounting?

Answer :The system of accounting in which only one sided entry is required to record
financial transactions is Single Entry System. The accounting system, in which every
transaction affects two accounts simultaneously is known as the Double Entry System

4 In double entry accounting, which of the following examples would Total Assets remain
unchanged?

a) An accounts receivable is reclassified as revenue receivable

b) An account payable is paid to the creditor

c) Depreciation expenses are recorded

d) All of the above

e) None of the above were inoperable

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Answer : None of the above were inoperable

5 Describe AS/NZS 4360: 2004 Risk management.

6 Discuss and give an example of the following laws

Disability Legislation

Answer Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental,

physical, sensory, or some combination of these. It substaptially affects a person's life
activities and may be present from birth or occur during a person's lifetime

Example Provision of goods, services and facilities. For example, when a person wants goods
on services from shops, pubs and places of entertainment, cafes, video shops, banks, lawyers
government departments, doctors, bospitals and so on

Industrial relations law

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Answer :Industrial relatións is the management of work-related obligations and entitlements
between employers and their employees

Example: A good example of this is the way in which pay rates and other conditions of work
are negotiated between business owners and business employees. Business owners/managers
have to take aćcount of minimum pay and conditions as prescribed in industrial relations
regulations Industrial relations isn't just about pay and conditions, it is also about the manner
in which all parties in the workplace i.e. business owners/managers and employees consult,
negotiate and work together for common good.

Company Law

Answer Company law (or the law of business associations) is the sheld of law concerning
companies and other business organizations

Example The largest companies are usually publicly sted on stock exchanges around the
world Even single individuals, also known as sole traders may incorporate themselves and
limit their liability in order to carry on a business. All différent forms of companies depend on
the particular law of the particular country in which they reside

7 List 8 types of discrimination that are covered by your State Equal Opportunity Legislation
Answer

1. race

2. colour

3. gender

4. sexual preference

5. religion

6. physical or mehtal disability

7. marital ştatus

8. family or carer's responsibilities

8 List 2 Commonwealth anti-discrimination Acts

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Answer

1. Temporary exemptions

The Australian Human Rights Commission is abfe to grant temporary exemptions from some
parts of the Sex Discrimination Act, the Disability Discrimination Act and the Age
Discrimination Act (section 44 SDA, section 55 DDA and section 44 ADA). The Racial
Discrimination Act does not allow the granting of temporary exemptions. Thé Commission
has developed criteria and procedures to determine when an exemption is appropriate. Under
these criteria, any temporary exemption must be consistent with the objects ofthe Act.
Temporary exemptions must be for a term of no more than five years, however, there is
pfovision under the relevant Acts for the Commission to grant a further exemption on an
applicatioń by the applicant. Public comment on exemption applications is generally sought
beforethe Commission makes a decision. The Commission may also set conditions on
temporary exemptions. Exemptions are commonly granted to allow time, where necessary, to
make changes to comply with anti-discrimination legislation

2. Racial Discrimination

Act There are no 'exemptions' under the Racial Discrimination Act. There are a statutory
'exceptions' to the operation of the Racial Discrimination Act

Section 8(1) - special measures' to which paragraph 4 of Article 1 of the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination applies. Includes special measure purpose
of securing advancement of certain racial or ethnic groups as may be necessary to ensure such
groups equal enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms (with certain provisos) .

Section 8(2)-instrument conferring charitable benefits to persons of a particular race, colour

or national or ethnic origin

Sections 9(3) & 15(4) employment on a ship or aircraft if engaged outside Australia, and .

Sections 12(3) & 15(5)-accommodation and employment in private dwelling house or flat
where the accommodation is shared with the person gr a relative of the person

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9 Discuss the Federal Awards (Industrial Relations) Act 2003. What award conditions does
this entitle workers to?

Answer:

"allowable award matters" has the same meaning as in the Commonwealth Act, as affected by
item 50 of Schedule 5 to the Workplace Relations and Other Legislation Amendment Act
1996 of the Commonwealth

"award" means award made under the Commonwealth Act

10 Discuss the Federal Workplace Relations Act 1996

Answer :The Workplace Relations Act 1996 was a law regarding workplace conditions and
rights passed by the Howard Government after it came into power in 1996. It replaced the
previous Labor Government's Industrial Relations Act 1988, and commenced operation on 1
January 1997

In 2005, the Workplace Relations Amendment Act 2005 was passed by the Howard
Government. This amendment act came into effect on 27 March 2006 and substantially
amended the original Act, bringing in the Work Choices changes to Austrálian labour law. The
Act was repealed on 1 July 2009 by the Fair Work Act 2009 passed by the Rúdd Labor
Government

11 Discuss possible repercussions, such as those under WHS legislation of an incident

involving an injury to an employee due to a negligent act by their employer

Answer :if you suffer significant injury and have been assessed as being a person who has
sustained 15 % or greater whole person impairment you would be entitled to a future lump
sum for wage loss additional to any payments you may have r parts of your body including
arms legs eyes back neck and/or sexual performance.

It is important to note that once you receive a lump sum for wage loss your Workers
Compensation comes to an end. Often from experience most people in such a situation are
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happy to receive a lump sum payment so that they get on with the rest of their life-without
continually dealing with insurance companies.

12 What is classified as Personal Information as per the National Privacy Principles

Answer

1. Collection

2. Use and disclosure

3. Information quality

4. Information security

5. Openness

6. Access and correction

7. Identifiers

8. Anonymity

9. Transborder data flows

10. Sensitive information

13 What is straight-line depreciation? Give an example

Answer :Straight line depreciation is the default method used to gradually reduce the carrying

amount of a fixed asset over its useful life

Example :Pensive calculates the annual straight-line depreciation for the machine of $60,000-
estimated salvage value of $10,000- Depreciable asset cost of $50,000. 1/ 5-year useful life -
20 % depreciation rate per year . 20 % depreciation rate x $ 50,000 depreciable asset cost
$10,000 annual depreciation.

14 What is the diminishing method of depreciation? Explain

Answer: Reducing balance depreciation (diminishing value) This method of depreciation

involves multiplying the asset carrying amount by the depreciation rate to calculate the
depreciation that can be claimed that year.

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15 What types of tax liabilities are normally reported in the BAS Statement? Note do each
item that is included in a BAS statement. The question is list the types of tax liabilities
Answer

1. Goods and services tax (GST)

2. Pay as you go withholding tax

3. pay as you go instalment tax

4. Fringe benefit tax (FBT)

5. Luxury car tax (LCT)

6. Wine equalisation tax (WET)

7. Fuel tax credits

16 How often are businesses required to lodge BAS statements? Please explain your answer

Answer :In Australia, the financial year for tax purposes runs from 1 July to 30 June.

Businesses are required to lodge an income tax return for this period. If you operate your
business as a sole trader you can declare your business income aş part of your personal
income tax return.

17 Explain what an Instalment Notice for GST and PAYG instalments is. In your explanation
indicate how an instalment notice differs from and activity statement

Answer

GST instalments some terms used in our information about thegoods and services tax (GST)
may be new to you or have a specific meaning in GST law.

PAYG instalments is a system for making regular payments towards your expected annual
income tax liability. It only applies to you if you earn business and/or investment income over
a certain amount.

GST
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GST is a tax based on the transactions you make in your business-that is, the sales and
purchases. There are some GST-free sales and purchases/like overseas sales and purchases,
but in general the GST is 10 % of most of your business transactions . You need to register
your business for GST if you currently earn gross sales of $75,000 or móre in a financial year.

You can voluntarily register your business for GST if you earn less than this amount. You may
want to voluntarily register if you are incurring a lot of expenses like when you are in startup
mode. That way

Net GST payable Answer Consideration. This means the amount paid or payable for a good or
service. It i money, but can include other goods and services or an act of forbearance. No GST
is payable supply of a good or service if no consideration is made

20 Describe the process you should follow when reconciling a bank account

Answer : Bank Reconciliation process

1. Adjusting the Balance per Bank

2. Adjusting the Balance per Books

3. Comparing the Adjusted Balances

4. Preparing Journal Entries

21 What is accrual accounting

Answer :Accrual accounting is an accounting method that measures the performance and
position of a company by recognizing economic events regardless of when cash transactions
occur. The general idea is that economic events are recognized by matching revenues to
expenses matching principle) at the time in which the transaction occurs rather than when
payment (or received). This method allows the current cash inflows/outflows to be combined
with future expected cash inflows/outflows to give a more accurate picture of a company's
current financial condition.

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22 Describe the following accounting principles

Doctrine of Consistency

answer :The consistency principle states that, once you adopt an accounting principle or
method, continue to follow it consistently in future accounting periods. Only change an
accounting principle or method if the new version in some way improves reported financial
results

Doctrine of Disclosure

Answer :Inevitable disclosure is a legal doctrine through which an employer can claim trade
secret enjoin a former employee from working in a job that may result in the use of trade
secrets without the need for proof or evidence.

Doctrine of Materiality

Answer The materiality principle states that an accounting standard can be ignored if the net
imp of doing so has such a small impact on the financial statements that a reader of the
financial statements would not be misled

Doctrine of Conservatism

Answer :The convention of conservatism, also known as the doctrine of prudence in

accounting is a policy of anticipating possible future losses but not future gains. This policy
tends to understate rather than overstate net assets and net income, and therefore lead
companies to "play safe".

23 What is the objective of Accounting Standard AAS 3?

Answer The Financial Accounting Standards Boards Statements of Financial Accounting

Concepts No. 1 states the objective of business financial reporting, which is to provide
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information that is useful for making business and economic decisions. Specifically, the
information should be useful t investors and lenders, be helpful in determining a company's
cash flows, and report the company's assets, liabilities, and owner's equity and the changes in
them.

With these objectives in mind, financial accountants produce financial statements based on
the accounting standards in a given jurisdiction. These standards may be the generally
accepted accounting principles of a respective country, which are typically issued by a
national stand setter, or International Financial Reporting Standards which are issued by the
International Accounting Standards Board.

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