Statistics 221H - Formula Sheet

q Pn 2
i=1 (xi −x̄) (xi −x̄) (yi −ȳ)
1 Pn 1 Pn x−µ
x̄ = n i=1 xi s= n−1 r= n−1 i=1 sx sy z= σ x = µ + zσ

Means
x̄−µ z∗ σ 2
x̄ ± z ∗ √σn


z= √0 n=
σ/ n m

x̄−µ
t= √0
s/ n
x̄ ± t∗ √sn

df = n − 1 df = n − 1
(n1 −1)s21 +(n2 −1)s22
q
x̄1 −x̄2 1 1
t= q x̄1 − x̄2 ± sp t∗ n1 + n2 s2p = n1 +n2 −2
sp n1 + n1
1 2

df = n1 + n2 − 2 df = n1 + n2 − 2

Proportions
q
q p̂−p0
p̂(1−p̂) z∗ 2 ∗


z= p0 (1−p0 )
p̂ ± z∗ n n= m p (1 − p∗ )
n

q
pˆ1 −pˆ2 pˆ1 (1−pˆ1 ) pˆ2 (1−pˆ2 )
z= r “ ” pˆ1 − pˆ2 ± z ∗ n1 + n2
p̂(1−p̂) n1 + n1
1 2
successes in pop. 1+successes in pop. 2
p̂ = n1 +n2

Chi-square
P (observed count−expected count)2
χ2 = expected count = row total×column total
expected count) table total
with df = (r − 1) × (c − 1)

Regression
b1
t= SEb1 b1 ± t∗ (SEb1 )

df = n − 2 df = n − 2