Short Circuit Calculation

Section Formula Calculation X (Ω) R (Ω) Z (Ω) Remark Diagram

Zup=V^2 / MVAsc Zup=(13.8x10^3)^2 / (500x10^6)
1. Upstream
Xup = 0.98 Zup Xup = 0.98 x 0.381 0.37326 0.076 0.381
(13.8KV, 500MVAsc)
Rup = 0.2 Zup Rup = 0.2 x 0.381

2- Overhead line Xo = 0.3 Ω / km (LV lines); ρ0 = resistivity of conductors at 20°C =

Xo=0.4Ω x 2km
3 cables, 50 mm2, copper Xo = 0.4 Ω / km (MV or HV). 0.80000 0.720 0.01851 Ω mm2/m for copper and 0.02941
Ro= 0.018 x 2000m / 50mm2
length = 2 km Ro=ρ/A Ω mm2/m for aluminium.
Zg=Vsc x V^2 / Sn R / X is in the order of 0.05 to 0.1 for MV
3-Generator Xg=0.15 x 13,800^2 /10^6
Xg = Zg 28.56600 2.857 28.566 and 0.1 to 0.2 for LV,
1 MVA, Xsubt = 15% Rg=0.1Xg
Rg = 0.1 Zg
Generator impedance is much greater than other parallel so it will be Isc (A) = V / root(3) / Za
Fault A 1.17326 0.796 1.418
neglected. Za=Root[(Xu+Xo)^2 + (Ru+Ro)^2] Isc (A) = 13,800 / 1.732 / 1.418 = 5,619A
X and R to be converted Xn= X x [ V(low) / V(High) ]^2 Xn= 1.17326 x [ 400 / 13800 ]^2
0.00099 0.001
from HV to LV side. Rn= R x [ V(low) / V(High) ]^2 Xn= 0.796 x [ 400 / 13800 ]^2
Zt = Zsc x V^2 / Sn Transformer Zsc as follow:
4-Transformers 500KVA >- 4, 1000KVA >- 5, 1500KVA >- 6,
1,000 kVA, 13.8kv/400V Xt = Zt Zt=0.05 x 400^2 / 10^6 0.00800 0.002 0.008
Rt = 0.2Zt 2000KVA >- 7, 2500KVA >- 8
Zsc = 5%
Circuit breaker: Xcb=0.15mΩ
Xcb=0.15mΩ
5-Main LV switchboard typ. 0.00015
3 bars, 400 mm2/ph,
copper, length = 10 m Busbar: Xb=0.15 mΩ/m typ.
Xb=.15 x 10^-3 x 10
Rb=0.023 Ωmm^2/m typ. 0.00150 0.001
Rb=.023 X 10 / 400
Isc (B) = V / root(3) / Zb
Fault B Zb=Root[(Xn+Xt+Xcb+Xb)^2 + (Rn+Rt+Rb)^2] 0.01064 0.003 0.011
Isc (B) = 400 / 1.732 / 0.011= 20,995A

Circuit breaker: Xcb=0.15 typ. Xcb=0.15 0.00015

6-Cable 1
3 single-core cables, 400 Xc1 = 0.15 mΩ/m …….table(1) Xc1=0.15 x 10^-3 x 80
0.01200 0.007
mm2,, Al, spaced, laid flat, Rc1=0.036 Ωmm^2/m ..table(2) Rc1=.036 X 80 / 400
length = 80 m
Isc (C) = V / root(3) / Zc
Fault C Zc=Root[(Xb+Xcb+Xc1)^2 + (Rb+Rc1)^2] 0.02279 0.01004 0.025
Isc (C) = 400 / 1.732 / 0.25 = 9,238A
7-LV sub-distribution Circuit breaker: Xcb=0.15mΩ
board: neglecting the Xcb=0.15mΩ
typ. 0.00015
length of the busbars

8-Cable 2
3 single-core cables 35 Xc2 = 0.09mΩ/m …….table(1) Xc2=0.09 x 10^-3 x 30
0.00270 0.020
mm2, cu, length = 30 m Rc2=0.023 Ωmm^2/m ..table(2) Rc2=.023 X 30 / 35

Isc (D') = V / root(3) / Zd

Isc (D') = 400 / 1.732 / 0.039 = 5,921A
Fault D Zd=Root[(Xc+Xcb+Xc2)^2 + (Rc+Rc2)^2] 0.02564 0.02976 0.039
While Motores reverse current so:
Isc (D) = 5,921A + 2,521A = 8,442A
9-Motor: 50 kW (efficiency Zm=Vsc x V^2 / Sn Isc (A) = V / root(3) / Zm
= 0.9 ; cos ϕ = 0.8), x = 25% Xm = Zm Xm=0.25 x 400^2 /(50/.9x.8)/10^3
0.90000 0.180 0.918 Imsc=400 / 1.732 /.918 = 252A
Rm = 0.2 Zm Imsc (10 Nos) =10 x 252A = 2,521A

Table (1) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..Table (2)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4/7/2016