BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI

Second Semester 2017-2018

Comprehensive Examination 3/5/2018 (Closed book- PART A: 30 marks)
Course No. : CHE G554 Total time: 180 min
Course Title: Computational Fluid Dynamics Total Marks: 70
Instructions: Each PART A answer must be on a fresh page. Do not answer part A in Part B
booklet.
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Q1 (5 marks).Give the PDE behavior for each case (a) Steady state boundary layer flows- Parabolic
(p113), (b) Steady state supersonic inviscid flow over airfoil- Hyperbolic (p107) (c) Incompressible
inviscid flow- Elliptic (p118) (d) Steady state subsonic inviscid flow over airfoil-Elliptic (p118) (e)
Unsteady state heat conduction- parabolic (p115)

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Q2 (5 marks).What kind of quantity is strain rate or rate of deformation of a fluid. What is the concept
and basic mathematical representation to resolve it in a turbulent flow model such as k-ε model? GEs to
conserve what are solved in k-ε model?

Tensor quantity, strain rate is resolved into mean and fluctuating components. GEs in the model
are written for K (mean flow KE) and k (turbulent KE). Versteeg section 3.7.2

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Q3 (5 marks).Why Thomas algorithm cannot solve 2D heat conduction PDE? Show how this is resolved
in CFD.

P244-247 Anderson

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Q4 (8 marks). For the CFD simulation results shown in the figures- visually analyze (qualitatively), and
give the main interpretation, conclusion and recommendation, if relevant, in each case. Note: For Fig (a)
lighter grey field means higher magnitude; For Fig (b) & (c) darker grey field means higher magnitude

Fig (a) velocity field: slurry flow in pipe bend Fig (b) velocity field around air foil Fig (c) Wall shear in artery section

(a) Slurry flow becomes turbulent at 20m/s at the bend and can cause erosion- corrosion
problems; can reinforce material, reduce velocity.
 (b) This is a stalled airfoil; top streamlines clearly separated from boundary so lift drastically
reduced. Angle of attack must be reduced

(c) The darker portions show where the artery walls are either thin/ stretched or flow area
constricted. Can be a diagnosis tool to predict rupture points.

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Q5 (4 marks). The following term can be added to the predictor step of MacCormak’s Technique:

It is artificial viscosity term; must be even order, makes solution more stable; P238 Anderson

What is the purpose and rational for adding this term in the given form. (Cx, Cy are specified parameters,
p is primitive variable, and U denotes solution vector.)

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Q6 (3 marks). This transformation belongs to which grid type. Explain this

transformation and concept.

Adaptive grid; becomes denser where the gradients are high. P202 Anderson

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