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Regulation of Glycolysis
Pyruvate can go in three major
directions after glycolysis
• Under aerobic conditions pyruvate is oxidized to
Acetyl-CoA which can enter Citric acid (TCA)
cycle.
• Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate can be
reduced to ethanol (fermentation) or lactate
• Under anaerobic conditions formation of ethanol
and lactate is important in the oxidization
NADH back to NAD+
• Under aerobic conditions NADH is oxidized to
NAD+ by the respiratory electron transport
chain.
Need to recycle NAD+ from NADH if
gylcolysis is to continue under
anaerobic conditions
Lactate formation
NADH NAD
O OH
O O
H3C C C H3C C C
H
O O
NADH NAD
Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase-1
Pyruvate kinase
Control Points
in Glycolysis
Regulation of Hexose Transporters