Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Steve Vanlanduit
Departement of Mechanical Engineering
B ildi
Building Z,
Z room ZW113
E-mail: steve.vanlanduit@vub.ac.be
• Vibrations part 1,
A. Preumont,,
9 lectures
• Thursday 2-4PM, weeks 1-8
• Vibrations part 2,
2
P. Guillaume,
5 lectures,
• Tuesday 10-12AM week 5-7
and Friday 8-10h weeks 8+9
• Labs
• Excercices
Acoustics course content
Overview:
– Physics
y of sound
– Hearing
– Measurement of sound
– Acoustics in enclosed spaces
– Transmission of sound
– European legislation
Environmental noise
Noise on the workfloor
of incapaccitated
peersons
Number o
N
Sound sources
Acoustics course content
Overview:
– Physics
y of sound
– Hearing
– Measurement of sound
– Acoustics in enclosed spaces
– Transmission of sound
– European legislation
Basic physics of sound
Definition of sound:
• Longitudinal waves in a medium (air, water)
• Pressure variations (sound pressure in Pa,Bar,atm)
• Frequencies: 20Hz-20kHz
Basic physics of sound
Propagation
p g of sound
Solution:
Basic physics of sound
• Solids
MEDIUM TEMPRATURE (C) SOUND SPEED (m/s)
helium 0 972
air 0 331
air 20 340
water 0 1402
water 20 1482
sea water 20 1522
iron 0 5130
brass 0 4700
copper 0 3560
gold 0 3240
Basic physics of sound
Plane wave:
Spherical wave:
Cylindrical wave:
Basic physics of sound
Basic physics of sound
• Stochastic
• Impulse
Basic physics of sound
Spectral analysis:
Basic physics of sound
Spectral analysis:
Basic physics of sound
MKS unity:
I air:
In i z=400Rayl
400R l
Definities
Basic physicsgeluid: impedantie
of sound
Use of impedance:
4 z1
– Acoustic absorption: a
z2
– Resonators
See lesson 2
Basic physics of sound
RMS value:
Ldn:
Basic physics of sound
1 Coherent
1. C h t source:
RMS2(totaal sound) ≠ RMS2(source1) + RMS2(source2)
2. Incoherent sources:
RMS2(totaal sound) = RMS2(source1) + RMS2(source2)
Basic physics of sound
Sound Power in Watt :
• = ‘energy
gy flux through
g a closed surface’
• Sound power level LW in dB:
Lw = 10log(W / W0) with W0 = 10-12 Watt
LI = 10log(I
10l (I / I0) with
i h I0 = 10-12
10 12 Watt/m2
W / 2
Basic physics of sound
Sound intensity:
F plane
For l waves:
I is a vector quantity!
Basic physics of sound
IEC 651:
• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3
Measurement of sound
Measurement microphones
Principles:
• Piezoelectric
Pi l t i
• Inductive
• Condenser
• Electret
l
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
A, B, C en D filters (40, 70, 100, 120 dB respectively)
IEC 60651 (1979-01)
(1979 01)
Measurement of sound
Measurement of sound
Octaves and Tertz band analysis
25 31,5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160
S 1 N
Lw Lp 10 log K1 K 2 Lp 10 log 10
0.1L pi
S0 N i 1
Sound power measurement
Comparison method: ISO 3747
• Accuracy σ = 4 to 5dB
• Fixed non-mobile machines
• In-house and outside
• No limitation on the volume of the source
• All stationary
y sound
• Method:
N
Wi
Wi I ni Si LW 10 log
i 1 W0
Sound power measurement
Advantages:
• Elimination of background noise
• In situ measurement possible
• Nearfield measurements
• Arbitrary surfaces possible
Sound power measurement
Disadvantages:
• Li
Limited
i d frequency
f range
• Directivity
• Cost of the instrumentation
Sound power measurement
ISO 9614-2 :
Sweep
p method
Example exam questions
Major
j qquestion:
• Explain the working principle of the human
hearing system.
• Discuss the working principle of a sonometer and
an intensity meter.
• Explain how one can measure sound power in
practice.
Minor questions:
• Calculate dB level (by heart)
• Give order of magnitude of acoustical quantities