SUBTOPIC 3 LECTURE 4

ASST. PROF. KRISTIAN AZUL

Getting tired after climbing up
the stairs.
Getting hungry after exercise.
Vehicle stopping when it runs
out of gas.
Going faster downhill
Work is equal to the force
multiplied to the displacement
parallel to the force.
Unit: Newton-meter (force-
displacement) = Joule
W = Force x disp x cos(θ)
= Fdcos(θ)
θ is the angle between the force
and displacement
Holding a bag
in position
shown
Work = 0
*different if you lift up a bag
from floor
Walking while
holding a bag?
Work = 0
Since F and d are
perpendicular
Work = Fdcosθ
Amount of Work done per
unit time
Unit: Joule/Second = Watt
Power = Work/Time
Assuming same work is needed to move
the ball in each case, the power will only
be different if the time needed for each
case is different
 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑥 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑥
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒

𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒙 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 𝒙 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
This shows that a powerful
object (preferably) is both
‘strong’ and ‘fast’.
Capacity to do work
Scalar
Several kinds of energy but we
will focus on:
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Energy in motion
Energy in motion
Can be in the form of vibration,
rotation and translation.
To keep it simple, we will study
translational KE only.
𝟏 𝟐
Where:
𝑲𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗 m – mass
v - velocity
𝟐
Stored energy
2 kinds to focus on:
Gravitational
Elastic
Stored energy in a body due to
its vertical distance from a
certain reference (datum)
Where:
𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉 m – mass
g – gravitational acceleration
h – height from datum
 𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉

Ground is usually used as DATUM

Stored energy in an elastic
body due to stretching or
compression
Ex: Rubber bands, Bungee
chords, Trampolines, Springs
Where:
k – elastic constant
x – difference in
stretched/compressed
length and
unstretched/uncompressed
length
Sum of Kinetic Energy &
Potential Energy
KE + PE(grav) + PE(elas)
Ability to do work.
Mechanical energy enables a
body to apply a force on
another body to do work.
Energy cannot be created nor
destroyed
Total energy of a system is
constant*
𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟏 = 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟐
*if no energy is dissipated to a body outside the system
 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟏 = 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟐
𝑲𝑬𝟏 + 𝑷𝑬𝟏 = 𝑲𝑬𝟐 + 𝑷𝑬𝟐
𝑲𝑬𝟏 + 𝑷𝑬𝟏 = 𝑲𝑬𝟐 + 𝑷𝑬𝟐
𝑲𝑬𝟏 + 𝑷𝑬𝟏 = 𝑲𝑬𝟐 + 𝑷𝑬𝟐
𝑲𝑬𝟏 + 𝑷𝑬𝟏 = 𝑲𝑬𝟐 + 𝑷𝑬𝟐
A force is C if the work done by it
does not depend on the path
followed from point 1 to point 2.
Energy is converted by NC force to
other forms (ex. heat from friction
force). Also called dissipative forces.
C forces – Gravity, Elastic/Spring
force
NC forces – Friction, Applied
forces/moments from other
objects/person
Work done
by friction
depends
on the
path.
 The change in TME between 2
points is equal to the work
done (by non-conservative
forces) on the system
𝑾𝟏→𝟐(𝑵𝑪) = 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟐 − 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟏
𝑾𝟏→𝟐(𝑵𝑪) = 𝑲𝑬 + 𝑷𝑬 𝟐 − 𝑲𝑬 + 𝑷𝑬 𝟏
 Work done on a system
changes the energy of the
system
𝑾𝟏→𝟐(𝑵𝑪) = 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟐 − 𝑻𝑴𝑬𝟏
𝑾𝟏→𝟐(𝑵𝑪) = 𝑲𝑬 + 𝑷𝑬 𝟐 − 𝑲𝑬 + 𝑷𝑬 𝟏
Apply work to
put it to rest,
KE=0
Work done by applied force from blue box catching the car.
Work done by friction.
 http://i.imgur.com/YHRiO.gif

 https://giphy.com/gifs/hungry-gif-cz0dwkK58SioU/download

 https://www.tumblr.com/search/threewheeled

 https://www.reddit.com/r/gifs/comments/1f0arq/the_objective_of_this_sport_is
_to_catch_the_cheese/
 http://www.securetrading.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/friction.jpg

 https://kaiserscience.wordpress.com/physics/word-energy-and-power/energy/

 http://anjaleejajoo3.blogspot.com/

 http://www.gifbin.com/988913

 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy
 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pespr.html

 https://imgur.com/gallery/SN8jl

 http://www.laughinggif.com/gifs/fvuwltmmsp

 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Mechanical-Energy

 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/ie.cfm

 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/hw.cfm

 https://giphy.com/gifs/physics-cWa5eXKUX7OUM

 http://slideplayer.com/slide/7640995/

 http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/se.cfm