AHRS OPERATION

In addition to using internal sensors, the GRS 77 AHRS uses GPS information, magnetic field data and air
data to assist in attitude/heading calculations. In normal (primary) mode, the AHRS relies upon GPS and
magnetic field measurements. If either of these external measurements is unavailable or invalid, the
AHRS uses air data information for attitude determination. Four AHRS modes of operation are available
(see table below) and depend upon the combination of available sensor inputs. Loss of air data, GPS, or
magnetometer sensor inputs is communicated to the pilot by message advisory alerts.

GPS Input Failure The G1000 system provides two sources of GPS information. If a single GPS receiver
fails, or if the information provided from one of the GPS receivers is unreliable, the AHRS seamlessly
transitions to using the other GPS receiver. An alert message informs the pilot of the use of the backup
GPS path. If both GPS inputs fail, the AHRS continues to operate in reversionary ‘No GPS’ mode so long
as the air data and magnetometer inputs are available and valid.

Air Data Input Failure A failure of the air data input has no effect on AHRS output while AHRS is
operating in normal/primary mode. A failure of the air data input while the AHRS is operating in
reversionary ‘No GPS’ mode results in invalid attitude and heading information on the PFD (as indicated
by red ‘X’ flags).

Magnetometer Failure If the magnetometer input fails, the AHRS transitions to one of the reversionary
‘No Magnetometer’ modes and continues to output valid attitude information. However, the heading
output on the PFD does become invalid (as indicated by a red ‘X’)

ATTITUDE INDICATOR

Attitude information is displayed over a virtual blue sky and brown ground with a white Horizon Line.
The Attitude Indicator displays the following information: • Pitch indication • Roll indication • Slip/Skid
indication

Pitch Indication

The Horizon Line is part of the Pitch Scale. Above and below the Horizon Line, major pitch marks and
numeric labels are shown for every 10˚, up to 80˚. Minor pitch marks are shown for intervening 5˚
increments, up to 25˚ above and 45˚ degrees below the Horizon Line are shown. Red extreme pitch
warning chevrons pointing toward the horizon are displayed, starting at 50˚ above and 30˚ below the
Horizon Line (refer to the figures on the next page).

Roll Indication

The inverted white triangle indicates zero on the Roll Scale. Major tick marks at 30˚ and 60˚ and minor
tick marks at 10˚, 20˚, and 45˚ are shown to the left and right of the zero on the Roll Scale. Angle of
bank is indicated by the position of the Roll Pointer on the Roll Scale.
Heading Indication

A digital reading of the current magnetic heading appears on top of the HSI. A rotatable heading bug on
the compass rose marks the desired heading.

Figure 2-19 Current Heading

The selected heading appears in a box left of the lubber line, next to the HSI. The color of the digital
readout is cyan (light blue).

Figure 2-20 Selected Heading Box

The selected course appears in a box right of the lubber line, next to the HSI. The color of the digital
readout appears in magenta if the navigation source is GPS, or green if the navigation source is NAV1 or
NAV2.