ESO 210

Introduction to Electrical Engineering

Lecture-16

AC Power Measurement and Magnetic Circuits

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Magnetic Circuits
Magnetism plays an integral part in almost every electrical device
used today in industry, research or the home.

Generators, motors, transformers, circuit breakers, televisions,

computers, tape recorders, and telephones all employ magnetic effects
to perform a variety of important tasks.

The compass, used by Chinese sailors as early as the second century

A.D., relies on a permanent magnet for indicating direction.

The permanent magnet is made of a material, such as steel or iron,

that will remain magnetized for long periods of time without the need
for an external source of energy.

There is a great deal of similarity between the analyses of electric

circuits and magnetic circuits.
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Flux Density
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A curve of the flux density B versus the magnetizing

force H of a material is of particular importance.

Curves of this type can usually be found in manuals,

descriptive pamphlets, and brochures published by
manufacturers of magnetic materials.

A typical B-H curve for a ferromagnetic material such

as steel can be derived using the setup of Fig.
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EXAMPLE: Find the value of I required to establish a magnetic

flux of φ=0.75 x 10-4 Wb in the series magnetic circuit of Fig. below
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Solution: An equivalent magnetic circuit and its

electric circuit analogy are shown in Fig.

The flux density for each section is

g==>Gap
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SERIES-PARALLEL
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

EXAMPLE: Determine the current I required to establish a flux of

1.5x10-4 Wb in the section of the core indicated in Fig. below
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Solution: The equivalent magnetic circuit and the electric circuit analogy
appear in Fig. below. We have

From the magnatization curve for sheet steel

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From the magnetization curve:

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EXAMPLE: Calculate the magnetic flux for the magnetic circuit of Fig. below.

Magnetization curve
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EXAMPLE: Find the magnetic flux for the series magnetic circuit of Fig. below
for the specified impressed mmf.
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