https://courses.lumenlearning.

com/physics/chapter/12-2-bernoullis-equation/

Application

I applied online. The process took 2+ months. I interviewed at WorleyParsons.

Interview

I applied online to a posting and received a phone call a few weeks later. First interview was with 2
senior mechanical engineers. Second interview was with the same two plus another senior
mechanical engineer and a project manager (who is also a mechanical engineer).

Interview Questions

 Nothing unexpected. They asked reasonnable technical questions; affinity laws, PV=nRT, static
loading on a beam. Otherwise the questions were to gauge my personality to see if I'd be a good
fit. Answer Question

https://www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry/how-a-nuclear-power-plant-functions/

Affinity laws
When investigating flow phenomena, cost factors often favour the use of models which are geometrically
similar to the original, full-sized equipment (see Similarity conditions). For this type of testing it is necessary
that models are not only geometrically similar, but are also subjected to similar physical conditions.
The physical laws (differential equations including boundary conditions) applied must remain invariant under
similarity transformations. This is achieved by dividing all relevant physical quantities by exponential products
characteristic of the configuration to be tested so as to obtain ratios of the unit 1.

Physical similarity is achieved if the ratios (see Characteristic coefficient) of the original and the model are
the same. The relationships established between the physical quantity of the original and that of the model by
means of the characteristic coefficients are called affinity laws.
Using characteristic pump parameters such as the impeller diameter (D), rotational speed (n ), acceleration
due to gravity (g) and the density of the fluid handled (ρ), various characteristic coefficients can be
established for a centrifugal pump assuming frictionless, incompressible, non-cavitating flow.
Establishing characteristic coefficients by means of the affinity laws:

 Flow velocity (v / (n · D))

 Pressure (p / (ρ · n2 · D2))
 Specific energy (Y / (n2 · D2))
 Head (g ∙ H / (n2 · D2))
 Flow rate (Q / (n · D3))
 Power input (P / (ρ · n3 · D5))
The following model laws thus apply to two geometrically similar centrifugal pumps operating under
physically similar conditions:

Affinity laws

 Flow velocity in a cross-section

 Pressure

 Specific energy

 Head

 Flow rate

 Power input (assuming identical pump efficiencies)

 Flow coefficient

 Head coefficient

If Δhs = Y (see Specific energy) is inserted, the pressure coefficient in its known form can be established:

As pump efficiencies are more or less dependent on friction conditions, they are subject to other conversion
laws (see Efficiency scale-up). The selection of characteristic quantities to determine the characteristic
coefficients is largely arbitrary. For instance, when studying the theory of flow in radial impellers
(see Impeller), the impeller's circumferential speed (u), its outlet diameter (D) and the outlet width (b) of the
vane passage are selected as characteristic quantities. These are used to establish two characteristic
coefficients, where Δhs is the isentropic increase (see Entropy) of the generalised specific enthalpy of the
fluid handled.
As a general rule, a length (l) and a velocity (v) are selected as characteristic quantities for flow investigations.
Flows subject to friction are characterised by the kinematic viscosity (ν). The Reynolds number (Re) can be
derived from these and also gives the ratio of inertia force to friction force.
If gravity has to be taken into account as an external force, the characteristic coefficient of the acceleration due
to gravity is g · l / v2. Its reciprocal value is the Froude number (Fr).

It expresses the ratio of inertia force to the force of gravity. If further physical phenomena such as
compressibility, heat transfer and surface tension etc. have to be taken into account, further characteristic
coefficients must be introduced.

As characteristic coefficients are not independent of one another, it becomes impossible to achieve physical
similarity when multiple characteristic coefficients require consideration.

Model tests are widely used to investigate fluid mechanics, design strength and heat transfer problems.