Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ABSTRACT
Cognitive radio is an exciting wireless technology that and scarcity of the radio spectrum and thereby
has been introduced for the efficient used of spectrum. increases the spectral
ctral efficiency.
Using cognitive radios (CRs), the secondary users
(unlicensed users) are allowed to use the spectrum In cognitive radios, the secondary users are allowed to
which is originally allocated to primary users (PUs) as use the spectrum which is originally allocated to
far as the active primary users are not using it primary users as far as primary users are not using it
temporarily. In order to prevent harmful interference temporarily. It is known as opportunistic spectrum
to primary users, the SUs need to perform spectrum access (OSA). To avoid harmfulmful interference to the
sensing before transmitting signal over the spectrum. primary users, the Secondary unlicensed users have to
In this paper we use an optimal Bayesian detector for perform spectrum sensing before transmission over
digitally modulated
dulated primary user to improve the the spectrum. Spectrum sensing is a process in which
spectrum utilization, without prior knowledge of secondary unlicensed users keep sensing the spectrum
transmitted sequence of the primary signals. And to determine whether the PU is transmitting or not.
further suboptimal detectors in low and high SNR While detecting if PU is absent than the SUs can use
regime. We provide the performance analysis in terms those frequencies for transmission. This will help to
of Detection probability
lity and False alarm probability. increase overall spectrum utilization and also in turn
increase the spectrum efficiency [6].
Keywords: Cognitive radio, Spectrum sensing, The common algorithms thatt enable spectrum sensing
spectrum utilization, Energy Detector, Bayesian are energy detection, matched filtering,
Detector cyclostationary detection, covariance based detector
I. Introduction and wavelet-based
based sensing method. A matched filter
is obtained by correlating a known signal with
The huge demand for wireless communication raises unknown signal to detect the presence of the template
the need to efficient use of the available spectrum in the unknown signal. But the matched filter based
resources.
urces. A recent survey made by federal detection requires the entire knowledge of the primary
communication commission (FCC) of spectrum signals, which is not feasible for practical
utilization has indicated that the actual licensed applications. In energy detection method, the energy
spectrum is largely unutilized in vast temporal and of input signal is compared with some so threshold
geographic dimensions. So the Spectrum scarcity is energy value. The signal is said to be present at a
due to the inefficient nt spectrum management rather specified frequency if the energy of the signal is
than spectrum shortage. To address this problem, beyond the energy level of the threshold. But, the
cognitive radio has emerged as a desirable technology execution of energy detection extremely degrades in
that has ability to deal with the stringent requirement presence of noise and interference power
po uncertainty
and the detector fails to differentiate primary signal
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 1 | Issue – 5 | July-Aug 2017 Page: 913
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Since the noise signals n(k), k=0,1.…..N-1 are i. Approximation in the Low SNR regime
independent.
The PDF of received signals over N symbol duration We study the approximation of our proposed detector
under hypothesis H1 is denoted as p (r|H1). With in the low SNR regime for the complex MPSK
equiprobability of φn(k) = 2nπ/M , n = 0, 1, . . .,M − modulated primary signals. When 𝑥 → 0, cosh(x) ≈
1, can be obtain as follows:
1+ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (1 + 𝑥) ≈ 𝑥 we can obtain
𝑝(𝑟|𝐻 ) = ∏ ∑ (
)𝑝(𝑟(𝑘)|𝐻 , 𝜑 (𝑘)𝑝𝜑 (𝑘) (9)
T = ∑ !
𝐼𝑛 ∑ cosh (𝑣 (𝑘))
>
𝛾+ TH ABD =
2
< ∗ jφ (k)
1 N R r(k)h e n
∑N
k
1
0 In ∑M ⁄2
e 0 γ + InM
𝐼𝑛 + (12) n 0
(15)
In such a special case of MPSK signals, we consider a
Even though the detector is optimal, it is very real signal model for the BPSK modulated primary
complicated to use in practice. So we will simplify the signals. In the high SNR regime, the suboptimal
detector when the SNR is very low or very high as Bayesian detector employs the addition of received
follows. signal magnitudes to detect the presence of primary
signals which indicates that in this regime energy
V. Bayesian detector (ABD) structure through the detector is not optimal.
Approximations in the Low and High SNR
regimes VI. RESULTS
In this paper we have given the theoretical analysis
(detection performance and threshold) in low SNR We plot a result for Secondary users’ throughput of
regime for the suboptimal detector to analyze H-ABD vs. SNR (dB) for BPSK signal at high SNR
complex MPSK signals (M = 2 and M > 2) and in fig. 1 it is observed that as SNR increases the
compare with the results for real BPSK primary secondary user’s throughput also increases.
signals [4].
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 1 | Issue – 5 | July-Aug 2017 Page: 914
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
detector. And hence this improves the detection
probability for given false alarm probability.
References
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 1 | Issue – 5 | July-Aug 2017 Page: 916