LABORATORY

REPORT
  THE BUNSEN BURNER  AND
GLASS MANIPULATION
Laboratory Experminent No. 1
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To Study and carefully manipulate and operate the bunsen burner.
1.2 To cut glass tubing and prepare glass bends for wash bottle.

2. Intended Learning Outcome(ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Learn how to carefully operate a bunsen burner effectively.
2.2 Learn to safely cut tubing and prepare glass bends.

3.Discussion:
A Bunsen burner is a device for production of a hot clean flame by burning a
fuel gas in the air. There are four main parts of the burner: the base, which
supports the device; collar which regulates the air entering the barrel; the barrel,
which acts as a mixing chamber of air and gas; and gas regulator, which controls
the gas input. A rubber hose is normally used to connect the gas outlet to the
main gas valve. A gas mixture rises to top, it burns and produces flame.
The Bunsen flame consists of three distinct zones: the innermost zone directly
above the barrel consist of unburned gas, the middle or reducing zone is the
region of incomplete combustion and requires more oxygen and the outermost
zone which is light purple in color is the region for complete combustion and is
called oxidizing zone.The hottest part of the flame is the tip of the reducing zone.
Flame is luminous (yellow flame) due to lack of oxygen or air. By opening the air
holes the collar, non-luminous (bluish flame) is produced due to complete
combustion of fuel gas.
Igniting the Bunsen burner with low gas pressure allows the flame to travel
down at the spud and may "strike back". To avoid this, the air holes should almost
be completely closed, before lighting the burner.
4. Materials
1 Bunsen burner 1 250 ml Empty Alcohol Bottle
1 Glass tubing 1 Cork Borer
1 Wing top 1 Wooden Cork
1 Triangular file 1 Evaporating dish
3 Test tubes 1 Test tube holder
1 Test tube rack

5. Procedure:

1. The Bunsen burner and the Bunsen flame

1.1 Get the Bunsen burner and dismantle it to show the different parts.
1.2 Reassemble and light it with a match while the air holes are closed.
1.3 Slowly regulate the air that enters the barrel manipulating the collar until a
non-luminous (bluish) flame is obtained.
1.4 Draw and label the parts of the Bunsen burner and the three distinct zones of
the flame.

2.0 Combustion of gases

2.1 Connect the rubber tubing to the gas outlet. Be sure that it is lightly fitted to
the gas outlet and the gas inlet to the burner. To light the burner, unscrew the
ring collar to allow gas and air to enter and light a math stick; hold above the
barrel and turn open the gas supply valve. Note the color of the flame produced
with the air holes closed. ____Bright Luminous Yellow____
2.2 What is the flame called? ____Reducing Zone____
2.3 Hold an evaporating dish using a crucible tong above the flame. Observe the
bottom of the dish. What is deposited at the the bottom of the dish?
____Black Soot (Carbon)____
2.4 Open the air holes gradually. Note that the flame changes color. What do you
call this flame?____Bluish Flame (Non-Luminous Zone)____
2.5 Hold on top of the flame produced in step three the evaporating dish. Is there
any deposited substance at the bottom of the dish?____None____
2.6 If we look at the flame when the air holes are open, we shall see that there
are two cones, an inner cone which is blue and an outer one which is bluish
purple. The space within the inner cone is filled with a mixture of gas and air. This
mixture is partially burned at the tip of the inner cone and completely burned
above the region. The space in the inner cone contains unburned gas.
2.7 Thrust a pin on a match and suspend it on top of the burner. Why does the
match head not ignited at once?____It is because the blue cone is not hot
enough to ignite the match head made of phosphorus sulfide at once.____
2.8 Into each of the three test tubes, measure 5 ml of H2O. Label the test tubes
A, B, and C. Using a test tube holder, hold test tube A in a 45 angle.position from
the part of the flame just above the barrel. Record the time, in seconds, it takes
the water to boil.
2.9 Bring test tube B to the tip of the inner cone. Record the time it takes the
water to boil. Do the same for test tube C but hold on the tip of the outer cone.
Record your data

Interpret the results above

____The three test tube with the same quality of H2O boils in different time
when placed in different part of the flames. The water in the test-tube took
longer to boil from Test Tube C to Test Tube A hinting that it is faster to boil
in the oxidizing zone and the tip of the reducing zone than in the innermost
zone of the Bunsen burner flame.____
3.0 Preparation of glass bends and wash bottle.

3.1 Get glass tubing from the laboratory stockroom

3.2 Use Triangular File to make a deep scratch at the point you wish to cut the
glass tubing.
3.3 With your thumb place behind the scratch, gently push the tube outward to
separate it into two.
3.4 Fit a wing top at the tip of the Barrel (to Spread the Flame)
3.5 Heat the tube over the flame to bend the glass tubing to an angle of 45°.
3.6 Repeat the same procedure and make another glass bend with 30° angle for
the construction of your wash bottle.
3.7 Fire polishes the Sharp End.
3.8 Get a Cork fitted to your bottle. Bore a hole onto the cork and fit the glass
bend. Test the Wash Bottle.

6. Data and Results:

Draw the Bunsen burner and label the three distinct zones of the flame.
7. Questions

a) Which flame is best for heating? How do you produce such flame?
____Non-Luminous Flame is the most efficient in heating. It is produced when a
fuel gas undergoes complete combustion ( All of the carbon that was used has
turned into CO2).

b) When flame strikes back, what course of action should you take?
____Turn off the gas immediately and let it cool off. Don't touch the Bunsen
burner because it's going to be extremely hot. Keep the air vents mostly closed
when you first light the Bunsen burner to prevent this.

c) How do you manipulate your glass tubing while heating it?

____Hold the tubing horizontally in the hottest part of the flame (blue flame).
Rotate the tubing to make certain it is heated evenly.As you heat and rotate the
tubing, apply gentle and continuous pressure where you want it bent. Once you
feel the glass start to yield to desired angle, release the pressure, remove it form
the heat, and cool the glass tubing on a heat resistant surface.

d) What is the use of the wing top?

____The main purpose of the wing top is to change and adjust the shape of the
flame that comes from a Bunsen burner. As it can be used to make the flames
become wider and longer rather than rounder, it spreads flames across a wider
surface which is beneficial in glass manipulation.

e) What does your wash bottle serve for?

____It is tested with the glass tubing (bended in glass manipulation) if water will
pass through the tubing to confirm its angular form. This completed wash bottle
can be used in rinsing various glassware in the laboratory including test tube and
flasks.
8. Conclusion:

The Bunsen burner allows for precise regulation of the mixing of gas and oxygen
in its central barrel before combustion which ignites the flame. By manipulating
the Bunsen burner, both the size and temperature of the flame can be used to
create a convection current.

During the experiment when the Bunsen burner was lit, the flames was a
luminous yellow which turns to bluish flame as the air hole is adjusted.

When the evaporating dish was placed on the yellow flame, the part of the
evaporating dish above the flame produces black spot (soot). On the other hand,
when the other part of the evaporating dish was placed on the bluish flame, the
color of the part of the evaporating dish remains.

Furthermore, the three test tube with the same quality of H2O boils in different
time when placed in different part of the flames. And so is the ability of the glass
tubing to bend.

We therefore conclude that, luminous flames (yellow ones). Although they

can get some oxygen, they can't get as much as they need to turn all of the
carbon that's being burnt up into CO2 and thus producing soot.

Non-luminous flames (blueish flame) have access to as much oxygen as

they could possibly use, so they can burn very efficiently. All of the carbon
that gets used can be turned into CO2, resulting to no soot

Because luminous flames don't burn as efficiently as non-luminous ones,

they don't produce as much energy. Non-luminous flames have a lot more
energy than luminous ones, and their flames are actually hotter (more ideal
in glass manipulation).
9.Assessment:
 DOCUMENTATION

Figure 1: Bunsen Burner Figure 2: Heating the

Flame with the air holes Evaporating Dish (black

closed deposits present)

Figure 3: Change in flame Figure 4: Heating the

after gradual air hole Evaporating Dish (black

opening deposits not present)

Figure 5: Lighting a Match head

 Figure 6: Heating Figure 7: Heating Figure 8: Heating

Test Tube A (with Test Tube B (with Test Tube C (with

water) to its boiling water) to its boiling water) to its boiling

point point point

Figure 9: Heating the

Glass Tubing

Figure 10: The bended

Glass Tubing