SIMPLE FORMULA M&E

Walter 0148639828

1. How to calculate current:

Ampere:

P=Power (watt)
I=Current(Ampere)
V=Voltage(volt)

For 3 Phase;80% is power factor SESB

P=Total connected load;(example 50kW)
V=415. .0.8=575,

I=

For single Phase;80% is power factor SESB

P=5kW
V=240X0.8=192
I=5000w/192=26Amp

For 11kV,
P=Total connected load;(example 50kW)
I=50/16.2 = 3Ampere

2. How to Determine Pump size;

Water tank =5000gallon=18.92706m3 (do conversion)
H=Hour(duration from empty to full tank)
Example: 6 Hour
18.93/6=3.155m3/H = 5m3/H (consider the Loss effect +-20%)

3. How to determine Transformer size;

100kVA=? Consumer
Example: 1 consumer = 1.5kW
PF=0.85 or 0.8
100kVA X 0.85 = 1.5kW X (total consumer)
Total Consumer = (100kVA) X (0.85) / (1.5kW)
= 56.667 = 57 Consumers

4. How to calculate Voltage Drop;

DB L1 L L3
2

Supply is single phase = 240 X 0.8 = 192

Assuming using 2C/6sq. mm.(pvc/swa/pvc);
Voltage Drop coefficient: 7.3 mV/a/m (from guide line book)
Each Lamp = 200W
Each Lamp is 30 meter apart

Voltage Drop 1 at L1;

Ampere = 200 W / 192 = 1.042
Voltage Drop = Ampere X Distance X Coefficient
= (1.042 X 30 X 7.3)/1000
= 0.2282 Volt

Voltage Drop 2 at L2;

Ampere = 200 W / 192 = 1.042 + L1 (ampere) = 2.084
Voltage Drop = Ampere X Distance X Coefficient
= (2.084 X 30 X 7.3)/1000
= 0.4564 Volt

Voltage Drop 3 at L3;

Ampere = 200 W / 192 = 1.042 + L1 + L2 =
Voltage Drop = Ampere X Distance X Coefficient
= (3.126 X 30 X 7.3)/1000
= 0.6846 Volt

Total Vd = Vd1 + Vd2 + Vd3 = 1.3688 Volt

Summary,
In % = 1.3688/240 X 100 = 0.5% (requirement less than 3%)
 5. How to design Air cond;
85btu/hr.f
9000 btu = 1 HP = 1kW
80btu/hr.f
13, 000 btu = 1.5 HP = 1.5 kW
18,000 btu = 2.0 HP = 2kW 75btu/hr.f
23, 000 btu = 2.5 P =2.5 kW
70btu/hr.f

1.
Example area of building:
Rule of Thumb of building AC Index.
60 f X 40 f = 2,400 f2

Assume in 1st Floor; Index 70btu/hr.f

=2400 f2 X 70 btu/hr.f = 168, 000

=168, 000 / 9000 = 18.667 HP

= 2.5 HP X 8 nos.

6. How to calculate Lux Calculation(lighting) Example area of building:

20m X 10m = 200m2

LUX = [Lumen X Nos (ff) X UF X MF]/Area

Ex:
FF=36 watt= Lumen 3350;UF=0.8,MF=0.5
FF=18 watt= lumen 1350;UF=0.8,MF=0.5
 LUX= [Lumen x FF x UF x MF] / [AREA]
=[3350 x 40 x 0.8 x 0.5] / [200]
= 268

Lux should 250-300 (requirement for reading area)

7. How to do Cable sizing,

1. Need to determine the Total connected load.

2. Determine the current for the load.
3. Checking the Voltage drop & cable current carrying capacity.
4. Find from red book the suitable cable size.

Hose Reel.
8. How to calculate pressure for testing purpose;

For example Pump Selected 136L/Min against head 40M

RULE OF THUMB: 40 M means 4 bar.

4 Bar convert to PSI = 4 x 14.4 = 58 PSI :- (14.4 is cooeficient)

Duty = 80% Start 100% Stop

Standby = 60% Start 100% Stop

100% = 58 PSI
80% = 46 PSI
60% = 34 PSI

9. Standard piping
SW Piping
Below 50mm – BS5255
Above 100mm, below ground – BS 4660 (brown color)

CW Piping
Water meter to storage tank,storage to fittings – UPVC class ‘E’

10. VOLTAGE SPEC

i.) <250 V = Low Voltage
ii.) 250 – 650V = Medium Voltage
iii.) 650 – 33kv = High Voltage
iv.) > 33kv = Extra High Voltage
POWER SUPPLY
100KW = 415V
100 – 3000KW = 11KV
>3000KW = 33KV

DISTRIBUTION (SAFETY PROTECTION)

11KV-11KV -OCEF Relay (Over Current & Earth Fault Relay)
Over Current -Over load, Amp increase
-Lightning
Earth Fault -Cable struck by trees
-Cable damage,touch the copper sheath,current to earth.

33KV-33KV -OCEF & Current Diffential Relay

Current Diff -When a current not balance in 2 PPU,trigger to off both ppu breaker,unbalance due to
shutdown or breakdown or earth fault or overload.

TRANSFORMER
Mechanical Protection -Sudden Pressure Relay-arcing causing pressure.If relay not trip the tx to stop, 2 nd
backup is diffuser valve will blow.oil spill.
-Thermal
Relay Protection -Internal Short Circuit
-Abnormal Operating Condition (voltage differential relay)

Voltage Differential Relay – Vp and Vs nominal 33/11kv then tx operate in other voltage, relay will trip
the breaker for 11kv side and also 33kv side.

Tapping for transformer.

Load Tap Changer-for Power transformer have LTC to adjust the voltage condition to be nominal.
Tap 3 Nominal 33/11KV- Ratio 3:1
If in-going voltage is 31.9KV so outgoing shud be 10.6334kv
So, need to adjust the tap for the tx working in normal condition.
Example:
Tap 1 = -2.5%
Tap 2 = -1.5%
Tap 3 = Nominal 0.0%
Tap 4 = +1.5%
Tap 5 = +2.5%
So, in case 31.9kV. We need to increase the Voltage. So need change to tap 4 or Tap 5.
For tap 4 = +1.5%@0.485kV @ 32.395kV/3 = 10.7983
For tap 5 = +2.5%@0.825kV @ 32.725kV/3 = 10.9803
Choose Tap 5.

Phasing @ Synchronization.
For factory that run by genset (IPP produce power also), and to be connected to SESB supply. To make
sure the Connection R,Y,B is correct or else will double the voltage and trip the genset breaker and also
the SESB breaker.
Losses.
Hysteresis losses = are directly proportional to the volume of the lamination
Eddy current losses = are directly proportional to the thickness of the lamination
30-40 lamination for 1 inch

VRV AC
Total BTU/12000= RT(tannage)
1 rt = rm4000 (estimate rate)

Btu / 10,000 = HP
Btu/3414 = kW(nominal capacity)
To check Load consumption, please refer catalogue.

AC Calculation & Wiring

Split Unit 3 Phase

5 nos cable 6mm from DB to outdoor –R,Y,B,E,N – Then, 4nos cable 2.5mm from outdoor to blower
indoor – L,N,E,S.
DB-Outdoor-Indoor

Split Unit 1 Phase.

3nos cable 2.5mm to indoor blower-L,N,E-Then, 4nos cable 2.5mm from blower to indoor – L,N,E,S
DB-Indoor-Outdoor

VRV
Power Cable from DB to VRV outdoor unit.
Power Cable from DB.FCU to each indoor unit.