RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN PURPLE

Total Count 600 541 613 490 517

Expected Proportion 0.219 0.207 0.214 0.2 0.16

Observed Proportion 0.217 0.196 0.222 0.177 0.187

We expected that the red skittles would share the highest proportion in the skittle bag because
it is a flavor that most people like. The purple skittles will be the least proportional because it is
a flavor we do not like as well. The orange, yellow, and green skittle flavors are expected to fit
in-between the red and purple skittles at varying proportions.

PART 2 GROUP WORK

The Skittles data collected by the members of our class does not represent a random
sample. The population would be any bag of Skittles. From this large population, our class took
a sample of 48 bags of Skittles and recorded the data that we found.
The sample that our class collected was not a truly random sample. It was not random
because the steps for collecting random samples that we learned about in chapter one were
not followed. For instance, we did not assign each bag of Skittles a number, and then use a
random number generator to select 48 random bags. Instead, members of the class individually
went out and personally chose a bag of Skittles. The fact that members of the class chose their
own bag of Skittles based on their own preferences is what prevents this sample from being
random.

Pareto Chart
Pie Chart

INDIVIDUAL WORK

Proportion Proportion Proportion Proportion Proportion total count

Red Orange Yellow Green Purple
My bag 32.76% 22.41% 22.41% 13.79% 8.62% 58
Class count 21.73% 19.59% 22.20% 17.75% 18.73% 2761

The graphs and data for my bag does not reflect what I would expect to see. I would have expected them
to be more closely proportionate. The amount of purple skittles is significantly lower at 8.62%, and the
green is slightly lower at 13.79%, and the red is significantly higher at 32.76%, than the expected 20%. An
outlier is an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample. So I would
say that the amount of purple and red skittles my bag had is an outlier. This will effect my data and graphs
in a big way because if one is lower by 11.38% ( the purple) than the other ones will be higher, which we
observed. The red was 12.76% more than 20%. We can see that if we looked at a larger sample like the
class, then the observed data is a lot more proportionate. which is expected, and explained by the law of
large numbers.
PART 3 GROUP WORK
MEAN: 58.7
STANDARD DEVIATION: 3.6
MINIMUM: 51
Q1: 57
MEDIAN: 58
Q3: 60
MAXIMUM: 73
PART 4 TEAM PROJECT
1.) Construct a 99% confidence interval estimate for the population proportion of yellow
candies. In your response, include the following:

 report the sample proportion of yellow candies

𝑥 613
The sample proportion 𝑝̂ = = 2761 ≈ 0.2220
𝑛

 what type of interval will you construct?

We are constructing a confidence interval for a population proportion, p

 verify the requirements for constructing this confidence interval

𝑥
n𝑝̂ ( 1 - 𝑝̂ ) ≥ 10 where 𝑝̂ = 𝑛, which is ≈ 477 ≥ 10, this condition is satisfied

n ≤ 0.05N, which is 2761 ≤ 0.05N, this condition is satisfied

 report the confidence interval estimate in the form (lower limit, upper limit)

The confidence interval estimate is (0.2017, 0.2424)

Calculator Functions: STAT – TESTS – 1-PropZint (x: 613, n: 2761, C-Level: 99,
Calculate)
 report the margin of error

0.2424 − 0.2017
The margin of error is = 0.0204
2

2.) Interpret with a complete sentence the confidence interval estimates for the
population proportion of yellow candies.

We are 99% confident that the proportion of yellow candies in all bags of skittles is
between 0.2017 and 0.2424.
3.) Construct a 90% confidence interval estimate for the population mean number of
candies per bag. In your response, include the following:

 report the sample mean number of candies per bag

The sample mean ≈ 58.7447 candies per bag.

 what type of interval will you construct?
 We are constructing a t-interval
 verify the requirements for constructing this confidence interval

n ≥ 30, which is 47 ≥ 30, this condition is satisfied

 report the confidence interval estimate in the form (lower limit, upper limit)

The confidence interval estimate is (57.8654, 59.6240)

3.5903
58.7447 ± 1.679 = 57.8654 (lower limit) & 59.624 (upper limit)
√47

 report the margin of error

59.6240 −57.8654
The margin of error is = .8793
2

4.) Interpret with a complete sentence the confidence interval estimates for the
population mean number of candies per bag.

We are 90% confident that the mean number of candies in all bags of skittles is between
57.8654 and 59.6240.
INDIVIDUAL PORTION
A confidence interval is an interval estimate of an unknown population parameter, that we
compute from sampled and observed data points. The interval has a confidence level, that
quantifies the level of confidence we have that the unknown parameter lies within the interval.
Essentially, we can use a confidence interval to describe the amount of uncertainty associated
with a sample estimate of a population parameter, like the population mean, standard
deviation, etc. For example, if we wanted to know the average weight for a certain large city,
instead of polling every citizen, we could poll a small proportion in order to develop an interval
that tells us with a certain level of confidence, that the TRUE population mean is likely to be
between x and y respectively. Note, we would need to have the standard deviation of citizen
weight in the given city.
PART 5 TEAM PROJECT

1.) We expected that the red skittles would share the highest proportion in the skittle bag because it
is a flavor that most people like. The purple skittles will be the least proportional because it is a
flavor we do not like as well. The orange, yellow, and green skittle flavors are expected to fit in-
between the red and purple skittles at varying proportions.

RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN PURPLE

2.) Th Total Count 600 541 613 490 517
e Expected 0.219 0.207 0.214 0.2 0.16
pa Proportion
ret
Observed 0.217 0.196 0.222 0.177 0.187
o
Proportion
an
d pie chart below show the results for the total number of candies of each color in our class data
set.

Pareto Chart
Pie Chart

3.) The Skittles data collected by the members of our class does not represent a random sample. The
population would be any bag of Skittles. From this large population, our class took a sample of 48
bags of Skittles and recorded the data that we found.
The sample that our class collected was not a truly random sample. It was not random
because the steps for collecting random samples that we learned about in chapter one
was not followed. For instance, we did not assign each bag of Skittles a number, and then
use a random number generator to select 48 random bags. Instead, members of the class
individually went out and personally chose a bag of Skittles. The fact that members of the
class chose their own bag of Skittles based on their own preferences is what prevents this
sample from being random.