Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TENSES
Contoh:
I will be watching TV at 8 pm tonight.
since Present Perfect
She will be having lunch with her boyfriend at 12
+ time +Present Perfect Continuous
o’clock tomorrow.
for Past Perfect
We will be visiting our grandma at this time next
Past Perfect Continuous
Sunday.
Contoh:
o’clock
I had been doing my homework for an hour when
am
he came.
pm yesterday
She has known him since two years ago.
at this time + last ____ + Past Cont
They have watched the movie for half an hour
at this moment ____ ago
when he knocks at the door.
at this present
Contoh:
Contoh:
She was watering the flowers when her boyfriend
We shall have an examination tomorrow.
arrived.
They will go to the zoo next Saturday.
When she felt thirsty, she drank some water.
I will finish the report immediately.
o’clock
now
am next ___
right now
pm later + Pre Fut Cont
at this time + Pre. Continuous Tense
at this time + tomorrow
at this moment
at this moment tonight
at this present
at this present
23. The bus came after I _____ for about twenty minutes. 31. When did you realize that you had lost your purse?
(A) have been waiting When I ______ money to pay the bus fare.
(B) have waited (A) was needing
(C) am waiting (B) needed
(D) had been waiting (C) am needing
(E) was waiting (D) have needed
(E) had needed
24. “The Anthropologist has been studying that tribe for
the last five years.” It means: He_____ that tribe. 32. I didn’t hear the thunder during the storm last night
(A) has finished studying because I _______ soundly.
(B) studied (A) have been sleeping
(C) was studying (B) had slept
(D) had studied (C) am sleeping
(E) is still studying (D) was sleeping
(E) have slept
25. “You look so unhappy, Anton. What’s the matter?”
“My father ____ his job.” 33. Did you see the children when you came home this
(A) has just lost afternoon?
(B) has been losing No, they _______ their teacher in Priok.
(C) losing (A) visited
(D) is losing (B) had visited
(E) loses (C) to visit
(D) were visiting
26. “When did you take the academic writing course?” (E) would have visited
“Last year, after I ____ Composition II.”
(A) complete 34. Since when hasn’t she been feeling well?
(B) was completing Since she _______ from Singapore.
(C) to complete (A) returned
(D) have completed (B) has returned
(E) had completed (C) was returning
(D) had returned
27. “Where is Tanti?” (E) has been returning
“I don’t know. In fact I ____ any of our friends since I
arrived.”
(A) did not see
(B) was not seeing
(C) have not seen
(D) do not see
(E) had not seen
28. “So you have finished typing those letters! When did
you do it?”
“When you ____ the meeting.”
(A) were attending
(B) attend
(C) have attended
(D) attended
(E) had attended
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice adalah kalimat passive di mana objek
penderita menjadi subject nya. Program Intensif SNMPTN
Syarat:
ACTIVE PASSIVE
SUBJECT OBJECT (BY+PELAKU)
1. This institution for the handicapped ____ by the
OBJECT SUBJECT
Minister of Social Affairs in 1950.
VERB (sesuai tense) VERB3
(A) was founded
TENSES TETAP
(B) was to found
(C) be founded
Rumus Umum:
(D) has been founding
(E) was being founded
SUBJ+TO BE+VERB3+(BY+PELAKU)
2. “Some workers were loading the containers into the
Di dalam kalimat passive semua kata kerja adalah verb3 van.”
(past participle), tenses apa pun yang digunakan, The passive form of the above sentence is: The
sehingga yang menjadi pembeda tenses nya adalah TO containers _____ into the van.
BE. (A) were loaded
Simple Present: is, am, are (B) are loading
Simple Past: was, were (C) be loaded
Continuous: is, am, are/was, were + being (D) were being loaded
Perfect: has, have, had + been (E) are to be loaded
Future: modals + be
Contoh: 3. I became quite nervous when I knew that my speech
Active: We clean the house every day. ______.
Passive: The house is cleaned by us every day. (A) was to record
Active: They will finish the report soon. (B) to be recorded
Passive: The report will be finished by them. (C) being recorded
Passive: The book is being read by my sister. (D) to be recording
Passive: The floor has been swept by her. (E) was being recorded
MODALS
Modalas adalah bagian kata kerja bantu yang berfunsi
untuk menambah arti tertentu di dalam kalimat.
4. Possibility/Certainty
Jenis-jenis Modals antara lain:
Modals yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
1. Ability
kemungkinan/kepastian, yaitu:
Contoh:
a. I was allowed to stay up late last night.
Modals yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
b. My father said that I might use the motorcycle kesimpulan yang logis tentang masa lampau,
when I asked him yesterday. yang berupa kepastian, kemungkinan, dan
c. You may leave the room. saran untuk sesuatu yang terjadi di masa
d. He can take a rest if he has finished the test. lampau.
Logical conclusion Meaning
3. Obligation/Suggestion sure
must have + vb3/been certain + Past
Modals yang menyatakan conclude
keharusan/kewajiban atau saran, yaitu: may perhaps
must should have+vb3/been possible/y
have to + infinitive/ ought to + inf/be might probable/y
has to be had better should S. Past
had to have+vb3/been (yang bertentangan)
ought to
Contoh:
Contoh: a. The room was so tidy. She must have cleaned it.
a. As a student, you must study hard. It means: I am sure she cleaned the room.
b. He had to pass the test to get the job. b.He might have forgotten his schedule.
c. You should clean your hands first. It means: It is possible that he forgot his
d. They had better do it themselves. schedule.
2. He told me a lot about Philippines. 10. “There’s a letter stating that Ina has to leave for the
He _____ there for a long time. U.S. next week.”
(A) must have lived “Well, she ____ the news right away then.”
(B) might be living (A) should tell
(C) ought to have lived (B) should have told
(D) should be living (C) should be telling
(E) would have lived (D) should be told
(E) should be telling
3. “May I play outside with my friends?”
“No, you ____ stay in the bed until the fever is gone.” 11. “I wonder if the sound system and the overhead
(A) can (D) could projector are ready for my presentation.”
(B) might (E) must “You _____ check the equipment beforehand.”
(C) may (A) had to
(B) could have
4. “Does Anto know that Mirna had an accident (C) had better
yesterday?” (D) would rather
“I don’t think so. We _____ as soon as we knew it.” (E) must have
(A) may have told him
(B) should have told him 12. They have lost all their possessions in the fire; they
(C) had to tell him ____ a hard time now.”
(D) must have told him (A) may have had
(E) had better tell him (B) must be having
(C) ought to have
5. “We’re running out of fruits, while Fifi needs some (D) used to have
this morning as she is on a diet.” (E) must still have had
“You ____ to the neighbouring fruit stall, then!”
(A) had better hurry 13. “My car was stolen from the garage and I don’t know
(B) would rather hurry if I can buy another one.”
(C) may hurry “You _____ it.”
(D) could hurry (A) had to insure
(E) might hurry (B) should have insured
(C) will have insured
6. “What should the country do maintain self-sufficient (D) ought to insure
in rice?” (E) must have insured
“It _____ double its rice production.”
14. “The doctor promised to come at 7 a.m., but he isn’t
(A) could (D) would
here yet.”
(B) must (E) will
“He ____ some patients.”
(C) had to
(A) ought still to have
(B) might still have
7. “I am tired of watching that movie; there is too much
(C) is still to have
violence.”
(D) would still have
“I agree; _____ the channel?”
(E) must still have had
(A) I should change
(B) Would we rather change 15. “Why were they suddenly ill after having lunch in
(C) I must change the cafetaria?”
(D) Shall I change “There _____ something wring with the food.”
(E) Had I better change (A) must have been
26. They ____ to the other states before the hurricane hit
18. My brother looked so exhausted last night.
the city.
He _________ all day.
(A) ought to have moved
(A) should have worked
(B) should move
(B) would have worked
(C) will have moved
(C) might to have worked
(D) must have to move
(D) must have worked
(E) need to move
(E) might work
28. You ____ come to the post office to get your package.
20. “It’s so hot in this room. _______ I open the
It will be sent to you.
window?”
(A) hadn’t had to
(A) might (D) must
(B) mustn’t
(B) can (E) ought to
(C) shouldn’t have
(C) will
(D) shouldn’t
(E) don’t have to
21. “Tony got an ‘A’ for English.”
“That’s great! He _____ about it.”
29. “I’m glad Adi’s academic performance has greatly
(A) must be happy
improved this semester.”
(B) had to be happy
“I bet, he ____ hard for that.”
(C) could have been happy
(A) should have worked
(D) should have been happy
(B) has to work
(E) have to be happy
(C) must have worked
(D) would work
22. “The airline should have accepted the application of
(E) ought to have worked
Agus, an experienced pilot.”
This means that _______.
30. “Perhaps the test is not so difficult.”
(A) the airline hired Agus
We can also say: ______.
(B) Agus refused to work for the airline
(A) The test is not so difficult
(C) the airline didn’t receive Agus’ application
(B) The test might have not been so difficult
(D) Agus was rejected by the airline
(C) The test might not be so difficult
(E) the airline offered Agus a job
(D) The test should not have been so difficult
23. There were plenty of tickets left for the concert. We (E) The test mustn’t have been so difficult
____ have bought them in advance.
(A) couldn’t (D) mustn’t
(B) shouldn’t (E) wouldn’t
(C) might not
CAUSATIVE
Causative adalah kalimat menyuruh yang
menggunakan have dan get sebagai kata menyuruh. Program Intensif SNMPTN
HAVE
+ OBJ+VERB
GET
1. Since her handwriting is very bad, we will have her
_____ her composition.
Causative dibagi 2, yaitu:
(A) types (D) type
(B) typed (E) to type
1. Active Causative
(C) typing
8. The boy has his homework _______ by his sister. 16. “How can you determine students’ ability in
(A) do (D) done writing?”
(B) did (E) to do “For a start, _______ a five-hundred-word essay.”
(C) was done (A) the students write
(B) the students are writing
9. I don’t know how to translate this English text. (C) have the students to write
I_________. (D) the students have written
(A) will have it translate (E) have the students write
(B) will have to translate it
(C) will have it translated 17. “What’s that noise upstairs?”
(D) will translate it “The school _______.”
(E) will have translated it (A) have to renovate its second-floor classrooms
(B) has already renovated its second-floor
10. We get him to bring the ball. We may conclude that classrooms
________. (C) is having its second-floor classrooms renovated
(A) we bring the ball (D) will have to renovate its second-floor classrooms
(B) we asked him to bring the ball (E) has had to renovate its second-floor classrooms
(C) we let him to bring the ball
(D) we brought the ball 18. “As I was sent out of town to work on a construction
(E) he brings the ball project, I could not help my fiancée with our
wedding preparations”.
11. They had her _______ the room. “But you should ________”.
(A) cleans (D) clean (A) ask her to help
(B) to clean (E) cleaned (B) have helped her
(C) cleaning (C) ask us to help her
(D) have somebody help her
12. I don’t have time to wash all the clothes. ______ it. (E) have her help you
(A) I have my servant does
(B) I have my servant do 19. “What a nuisance! This is the second time that my
(C) I have my servant to do cell phone isn’t working”.
(D) I have my servant done “Have you taken it to the service center _________?”
(E) I have my servant doing (A) they will check it for you
(B) to have it checked
13. As I found out that not all of the workshop (C) they have to check it
participants knew about this week’s schedule, I got (D) you should check it
my secretary _______ it right away. (E) to have to check it
(A) distributing
(B) distributed 20. “How can the faculty accommodate the increasing
(C) she distributes number of incoming students with such limited
(D) to distribute classes?”
(E) in distributing “Well, I think the faculty will ________.”
(A) has expanded its premises
14. “I know that you have left these computers idle for (B) to have its premises expanded
some time because they are slow. Please, _______ at (C) has to expand its premises
once to make them efficient for our work.” (D) have to have its premises expanded
(A) having to be upgraded (E) have had to expand its premises
(B) have them upgraded
(C) they have been upgraded 21. “The manager needs the financial data for
(D) have them upgrade tomorrow’s meeting.”
(E) to have them upgraded “All right, _______ immediately.”
(A) I’ll have processed them
(B) I want to process them
25. The man had his coat ______ by the best tailor in this
town.
(A) make (D) to make
(B) makes (E) making
(C) made
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Cara mudah untuk mengingat Subjunctive adalah:
CONDITIONAL adalah kalimat pengandaian.
Conditional terdiri dari anak kalimat (if clause) dan Jika ada Simple Present di awal atau di akhir
induk kalimat (main clause). kalimat, maka Subjunctive nya harus ada dalam S.
Past Tense (Subject+verb2/were).
Type IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
I Simple Present Present Future
Contoh:
II Simple Past Past Future He is not here. I wish he were here.
The man is an office boy, but he acts as if he
worked as a manager.
III Past Perfect Past Future Perfect
Contoh:
She acts as if she knew the truth. Program Intensif SNMPTN
It means: She doesn’t know the truth.
I would rather I had passed the test.
It means: I didn’t pass the test.
If only he could get much money.
It means: He can’t get much money. 1. If I had not quarreled with John, I could have gone to
the party with him.
It can be concluded that _____ to the party.
(A) perhaps, I’ll go with John
(B) John promised to go with me
(C) I didn’t go with John
(D) John would like to go with me
(E) I went with John
2. When the little boy saw the dog, he ran away and
was bitten.
We can conclude that “_______.”
(A) If he hadn’t run away, he wouldn’t have been
bitten
(B) If he doesn’t run away, he won’t be bitten
(C) If he ran away, he would be bitten
(D) If he hasn’t run away, he wouldn’t be bitten
(E) Unless he ran away, he wouldn’t be bitten
26. Bill has been working for this book store for many
years and now he acts as if he were the owner.
From this sentence we may conclude that _____.
(A) Bill is an honest man
(B) Bill has become a rich man
(C) Bill is shareholder
(D) Bill is not the owner of the store
(E) Bill is the one whom the owner trusts
PARTICIPLE
adalah bentuk kata kerja 2. Past Participle (verb3 = P3)
9. A symbol of royal prosperity in the past, the old 15. ____ by not more than 40 families, Kampung Naga is
castle, ______ firmly on the island shore, is frequently a unique village in West Java.
visited by foreign tourists. (A) Inhabit
(A) stand (B) To inhabit
(B) stood (C) Inhabited
(C) standing (D) Inhabitant
(D) to stand (E) Inhabiting
(E) are standing
16. _____ at two prestigious universities, Amanda has a
10. Holding posters with various messages for the hard time deciding which one to choose.
Board, the factory workers are claiming better (A) Accepting
working condition. (B) She was accepting
The underlined words mean ‘____ posters with (C) Accepted
various messages. (D) To be accepted
(A) While they are holding (E) She was accepting
(B) Because they held
(C) After they had held 17. In Biology, a cell is defined as the smallest unit of life,
(D) Since they have held _____ all the components required for independent
(E) Before they hold existence.
(A) contains
11. Several individuals _____ different groups have (B) is contained
become united in their efforts to make the (C) it contains
government cancel the increase of fuel price. (D) containing
(A) represent (E) to be contained
(B) to represent
(C) they represent 18. Interested in developing tourism in Indonesia, _____.
(D) representing (A) the government cooperate with related
(E) represented education centres
(B) there is cooperation between the government
12. “Having seen the movie before, I did not find it as and related education centres
exciting as it had been.” (C) the establishment of cooperation between
The above sentence means ______. government and related education centres has
(A) The movie is very interesting been realized
(B) She has watched the movie at least twice (D) cooperation between government and related
(C) Because the movie was not exciting, she did not education centres has been established
watch it again (E) it is necessary to establish cooperation between
(D) She watched the movie and she did not like it the government and related centres of
(E) She likes watching the movie education
13. Having read the document carefully, ______. 19. “Having been defeated three times in a row, the
(A) the manager signed it boxer decided to give up fighting means” ______.
(B) the manager signature was affixed (A) Although he was defeated three times in a row,
(C) the document is signed by the manager he decided to give up fighting
(D) it was signed by the manager (B) He decided to give up fighting, after he had
(E) the document that is signed by the manager been defeated three times in a row
(C) As he had decided to give up fighting, he was
defeated three times in a row
(D) He decided to give up fighting, so he was
defeated three times in a row
(E) When he decided to give up fighting, he was
defeated three times in a row
20. Noticing I had dropped my purse, ______. 28. I secretly heard him _____ the song.
(A) the bus conductor called after me (A) sings
(B) I was called after by the bus conductor (B) sang
(C) it was the bus conductor who called after me (C) to sing
(D) there was the bus conductor calling after me (D) to singing
(E) the bus conductor was called after me (E) sing
21. Running down the stairs, she slipped and broke her 29. Having switched off the lights, _____.
leg. (A) it was the door he locked
The underlined words mean: _____ down the stairs. (B) the door was locked
(A) While she was running (C) this locked the door
(B) Because she was running (D) the door was locked behind him
(C) As she would run (E) he locked the door
(D) After she had run
(E) in order that she could run 30. ____ a skillful photographer, a person should have
both manual skill and a good eye for detail.
22. Talking excitedly to each other, they forget to finish (A) Becoming
the exercise. (B) He can become
The underlined words mean: _____ they forget to (C) To become
finish their exercise. (D) When he becomes
(A) Although they talked excitedly (E) Having become
(B) In order that they could talk excitedly
(C) Because they were talking excitedly
(D) When they had talked excitedly
(E) If they talked excitedly
27. The owner of the house found the front door _____
when he got home.
(A) opening
(B) open
(C) to open
(D) opened
GERUND
GERUND: Vb.ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda Sebagai Complement (pelengkap)
(Noun).
Subject + to be + vb.ing
Di dalam kalimat, Gerund digunakan:
Sebagai Subject
Contoh:
VB.ING + VB/Aux My hobby is cycling.
(singular) What he likes is reading many books.
Sebagai Object
keen on, interested in,
Sebagai object, Gerund terletak setelah kata-kata
afraid of, bad at, good at,
kerja tertentu, antara lain:
sorry for, astonished at, + Vb.ing
worried about, sad about,
avoid, deny, enjoy, consider,
happy about, etc
keep, mind, prevent, postpone, + Vb. ing
go, find, risk
Contoh:
Before entering the room, he opens his shoes.
Contoh:
I am sorry for coming late.
He avoids playing with the naughty boy.
He has been interested in painting for so long.
They kept asking to get into the room.
We consider going for a picnic.
Contoh:
The tree is too high to climb.
He needs a knife to cut the cake. Program Intensif SNMPTN
Setelah kata tanya dalam noun clause
Q. Word + to infinitive
Contoh:
I don’t know where to go.
He learned how to fix cars from his father. 1. Don’t put off _____ the application form.
(A) to fill in
BARE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO); (B) fill in
digunakan: (C) for filling in
(D) filling in
(E) you fill in
Setelah kata kerja tertentu
let, make, help, have, bid + infinitive
2. As a child, I always enjoyed ____ in the rain.
Contoh:
(A) be playing
I let her finish the work.
(B) play
He helped me solve my problem.
(C) played
(D) playing
Setelah modals (E) to play
will, shall, can, may,
must, might, would, + infinitive 3. Despite criticism from political opponents, the new
could, should president continues his _____ abroad to appeal to
Contoh: foreign countries to invest in Indonesia.
We must call the police. (A) to travel
You should come earlier. (B) travelled
(C) travelling
Jika need, want, require ada dalam kalimat (D) be travelling
passive, maka: (E) to be travelled
need Vb.ing
want + 4. “Did you thank Andi for the dictionary he bought for
require to be + P3 you?”
Contoh: “Yes, I did; I really appreciate it for me.”
The floor needs sweeping = The floor needs to be (A) to buy
swept. (B) buys
It wants cutting = It wants to be cut (C) buying it
(D) to have bought
(E) his buying
8. Being lost, the tourist stopped ____ at his map for the 16. “What did Adi finally decide?”
place they wanted to visit. “_____ his Master’s degree in Australia.”
(A) looking (A) He can take
(B) to look (B) His taking
(C) looked (C) Taking
(D) he looked (D) Be taking
(E) was looking (E) To take
9. “What are these horns of a buffalo used for?” 17. “Do you think I can wear my new necklace?”
“Well, mostly for ____ handicrafts.” “I wouldn’t advise you ____ jewelry in a difficult
(A) make time like this.”
(B) to make (A) wear
(C) being made (B) to wear
(D) they make (C) to be wearing
(E) making (D) wearing
(E) be wearing
10. My brother, who was not used to _____ a room with
someone else, was quite unhappy when he couldn’t 18. It is useful ___ the chapters before they are discussed
have his own room in the dormitory. in the class.
(A) sharing (A) reads
(B) share (B) reading
(C) be sharing (C) having read
(D) be shared (D) for reading
(E) being shared (E) to read
11. After ____ his pass, he was allowed to enter the 19. The acids, salts, and vitamins that fruits furnish are
building. very helpful ______ a balanced and healthful diet.
(A) shown (A) to keep
(B) have shown (B) kept
(C) showed (C) keeping
(D) showing (D) they keep
(E) to show (E) for keeping
12. I remember ____ in this town when traffic wasn’t too 20. My little brother had scattered all his toys on my bed,
heavy yet. so I had him ______ before the night fell.
(A) be driving (A) clear
(B) were drive (B) to clear
(C) drive (C) cleared
(D) driving (D) be clearing
(E) to drive (E) to be cleared
13. We always avoid ____ to the zoo on Sundays because 21. ‘What do the employees exactly want?’
it is too crowded. ‘______.’
(A) going (D) to go (A) To get better working conditions
(B) go (E) to be going (B) Increasing workers’ motivation
(C) we go (C) Whether the number of employees should be
reduced
14. According to the latest issue of the journal of the (D) Greater responsibilities are given to them
American Medical Association, ______ can reduce the (E) They get more training programs
risk of sudden cardiac death in men.
(A) fish being eaten once a week 22. All new students at this university are required _____
(B) if we eat fish once a week an English proficiency test.
(C) to eat weekly fish (A) taking
(D) fish to be eaten weekly (B) having to take
(E) eating fish just once a week (C) take
(D) will take
15. “While living in Bogor, we always went to school on (E) to take
foot.”
This means that we _____ on foot while we were 23. The motion picture originated when a series of still
living in Bogor. photographs were spliced and viewed in rapid
(A) go to school succession ______ of movement and continuity.
(B) are going to school (A) for creation
(C) used to go to school (B) in the creation of
(D) are used to going to school (C) creating
26. The last person to leave the building must _____ out
the lights.
(A) turned
(B) to turn
(C) turning
(D) turn
(E) turns
CONCORDANCE
adalah persesuaian bagian-bagian di dalam kalimat.
Persesuaian yang paling mendasar adalah persesuaian
Contoh:
antara subject dengan verb atau auxiliary nya dan
He is either a liar or a thief.
persesuaian antara subject dengan pronoun (kata
They neither worked nor had a rest.
ganti).
She is a secretary as well a mother.
Contoh:
every + Noun (sg)
The man was a criminal when he was young.
each
She has submitted her report to the manager.
either of + Noun (plu) + verb/aux (sg)
neither
Concordance yang lain:
none + of + Noun (plu) + verb/aux (plu)
not only _____ but also _____
both _____ and _____
Contoh:
______ and _______
Neither of them is here.
Every child has their own toys.
Bagian-bagian yang kosong dalam rumus di atas harus
None of the girls like her.
diisi dengan jenis kata yang sama.
Contoh:
The number of+noun (plu) + verb/aux (sg)
He is both a guitarist and a vocalist.
A number of + noun (plu) + verb/aux (plu)
He was late not only because he was trapped in a
traffic jam but also because he got up late.
Contoh:
At last, my sister decides to study and to work.
A number of boys are watching the game.
The number of the spectators is known.
neither ______ nor ______
A number of rules have been issued.
N1 N2 + verb/aux
either ______ or ______ (sesuai dengan
noun ke 2)
Contoh:
Neither my brother nor my sisters love playing
chess like me.
Either the workers or the system needs to be
improved.
as well as
N1 (together) with N2 + verb/aux
of (sesuai dengan
in addition noun ke 1)
Contoh:
The students as well as their teacher are marching
to celebrate the Independence Day.
The boy with the black shoes plays football very
well.
The sound of the birds is really comforting.
21. Everybody _____ to show _____ identification cards 30. I know that you and Vina are best friends. I saw ____
to enter the building. at the cinema yesterday. I bet _____ are going to
(A) have – they watch a movie.
(B) have – their (A) you – they
(C) has – them (B) them – they
(D) has – their (C) you – you
(E) has – theirs (D) you – your
(E) you – them
22. “I have heard that the school where you teach is very
good.”
“Oh, yes, many of _____ have become popular
leaders of the country.”
(A) graduates
(B) her graduates
(C) who graduates
(D) its graduates
(E) their graduates
NOUN CLAUSE
adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai pengganti
kata benda. Noun clause ditandai dengan penggunaan
that, whether, atau kata tanya (Question word). ADVERB CLAUSE
adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai keterangan.
Rumus: Adverb clause of reason:
Q. Word Adverb clause yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan
that + verb/aux alasan sehingga menggunakan kata penghubung yang
whether berarti karena antara lain:
because
Posisi Noun Clause di dalam kalimat adalah:
as + Clause
Noun Clause as Subject
since (subject + verb/aux)
Sebagai subject, noun clause terletak di awal kalimat
for
atau sebelum verb atau auxiliary.
because of + noun/vb.ing
in order to + infinitive
Contoh:
This is what I want.
Contoh:
He is whom I talked about.
He comes early so that he isn’t late.
My marks are what my parents are worried about.
They practiced hard in order that they could win
the game.
Noun Clause as Object
I am here in order to meet you.
Sebagai Object, Noun Clause terletak setelah kata
kerja. Tenses Noun Clause sebagai Object dipengaruhi
Adverb clause of condition:
oleh tenses main clause nya.
Adverb clause yang berfungsi menyatakan keadaan
Jika main clause dalam present, Noun Clause boleh
atau syarat. Kata penghubung yang digunakan dalam
dalam tenses present ataupun past.
adverb caluse ini beragam.
Jika main clause dalam past tenses, maka Noun
Conjunction of condition antara lain:
Clause harus dalam past tenses.
if, otherwise, unless, and,
Subject + Verb + Noun Clause
consequently, + clause
Present Pre/Past
as a result, therefore, thus,
Past Past
moreover, furthermore
Contoh: Contoh:
He tells me where he went. If you are late, I’ll punish you.
They agreed that they would pay the debt. Unless you say the truth, I’ll hate you.
I asked them why she was punished. You must go far away from here, otherwise he’ll
find you.
17. These old dresses, __________ belongs to my mother, 26. We sometimes miss the neighbourhood _______ we
are still good to wear. grew up.
(A) most of them (A) in which(D) that is
(B) some of whom (B) in where(E) that
(C) that’s (C) which
(D) most of which
(E) whose 27. The Bank _____ will be suspended.
(A) which I work
18. That patient _______ leg is broken will be operated (B) that I work
on tonight. (C) whom I work
(A) who is (D) whose (D) who works
(B) that (E) whom (E) where I work
(C) which
28. The cake ______ was so delicious.
19. The book, _______ these chapters are taken is an (A) who made by her
autobiography. (B) which she made
(A) which from (C) why she have made
(B) from whom (D) when she makes
(C) which (E) that is making
(D) from which
(E) to which 29. That is the book ______.
(A) which I want
20. These books on this shelf, _______ are about child (B) whom I wanted
education, belong to my sister-in-law. (C) who wants me
(A) which of most (D) whose I am wanting
(B) in which (E) that want I
(C) that of most
(D) most of which 30. This is Mr. Flash ______.
(E) of which (A) which I told you
(B) whom I told you about
21. “To whom are you going to dedicate your book?” (C) I told you
“To those _______ patient and support have enabled (D) that I told you
me to write this book. (E) about which I told you
(A) of which(D) whose
(B) whom (E) who their
(C) to whom
Contoh:
He comes early so that he isn’t late. Program Intensif SNMPTN
They practiced hard in order that they could win the
game.
I am here in order to meet you.
Conjunction of condition adalah 1. ________ he came late to attend the class, his teacher
kata penghubung yang berfungsi menyatakan punished him.
keadaan atau syarat. Arti kata penghubung ini (A) Because of
beragam tergantung pada penghubungnya. (B) Although
Conjunction of condition antara lain: (C) In order to
if, otherwise, unless, and, consequently, as a result (D) Therefore
+ Clause (E) Since
therefore, thus, moreover
2. My brother went to bed so late last night, _________
Contoh: he got up late this morning.
If you are late, I’ll punish you. (A) consequently
Unless you say the truth, I’ll hate you. (B) however
You must go far away from here, otherwise he’ll find you. (C) as if
Conjunction of concession (contrast) adalah (D) in order that
kata penghubung yang menyatakan pertentangan. (E) nevertheless
Kata penghubung berjumlah cukup banyak dan
mempunyai arti yang bermacam-macam. 3. He couldn’t answer all the questions _______ he had
Conjunction of concession antara lain: studied hard.
although (A) so that
20. The expensive treatment had been well researched, 28. You’ll have to call me early in the morning; _____ I
however, ______. will have left for work.
(A) it cured the patient effectively (A) however
(B) it could comfort the patient (B) otherwise
(C) it was not very effective (C) furthermore
(D) it made the patient feel well (D) consequently
(E) it did not cause discomfort (E) moreover
21. John is a very lazy student; besides _______. 29. The tourist bus came to our school thirty minutes late
(A) he is good in extra-curricular activities ____ we had repeatedly told the driver to be on time.
(B) he always does his homework (A) even though
(C) he prefers studying until late at night (B) so that
(D) he never pays attention in class (C) because
(E) he sometimes practises English (D) provided that
(E) in order that
22. “Did he say anything to the police?”
“Well, _____ he admitted breaking into the car, he 30. My brother wants to go hiking in the mountain;
denied stealing the tape.” _____ my sister prefers to go to the beach.
(A) even though (A) moreover
(B) because (B) consequently
(C) meanwhile (C) on the other hand
(D) when (D) otherwise
(E) as soon as (E) in spite of
24. She could not finish her study in four years, _____
she would have been entitled to a scholarship for
further study.
(A) however
(B) consequently
(C) otherwise
(D) moreover
(E) nevertheless
Text I
Several theories have been proposed about why
the dinosaurs disappeared from the face of the earth. In 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the
recent years one popular theory proposed that climatic climatic theory?
changes caused the dinosaurs to become extinct. This (A) Scientists believe that the climatic change
climatic change theory says that million of years ago the happened 65 million years ago.
climate of the world gradually became colder. As the (B) The change in climate critically reduced the
earth slowly became colder, fewer plants were able to food supply for the dinosaurs.
grow. The cold weather finally resulted in a severe (C) At the time of the dinosaurs all animals were
shortage of food for dinosaurs. As you probably know, vegetarians.
most of dinosaurs were vegetarians, and they depended (D) The disappearance of dinosaurs affected the
on plants for their food supply. In summary, then, the climatic change.
disappearance of the dinosaurs was caused directly by a (E) The cold weather made animals living at the
shortage of plants to eat, and indirectly by a change in time unable to survive.
climate.
Today there is new evidence for the theory that
the dinosaurs did not disappear gradually, but they 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the
disappeared quickly and suddenly. The theory is known iridium element?
as asteroid theory. It states that a huge asteroid, or (A) It is believed that it originated in space.
perhaps a comet hit the earth about 65 million years ago. (B) It is an element found in the bones of
When this comet or asteroid hit the earth, it caused a dinosaurs.
huge dust cloud. The huge dust cloud covered the whole (C) It came after the comet hit the earth.
earth and blocked out the sun for months. Since there is (D) It existed only 65 million years ago.
no sun for many, many months, most of the plants on (E) It is an element commonly found on earth.
earth died. The dinosaur’s food supply was destroyed in
a period of months.
While this asteroid theory is not new, what is
new is the evidence for the theory. Until recently there 4. The asteroid theory states that _______.
was no evidence that an asteroid or a comet had hit the (A) the dust cloud originating from the fallen
earth 65 million years ago. What happened recently was comet killed all organisms on earth
that scientists found large amount of a rare earth element (B) the effect of an asteroid hitting the earth
called iridium all over the world. This iridium was found developed gradually
in layers of the earth that are 65 million years old. The (C) the spread of the dust cloud on earth darkened
iridium was found in the same layers where the bones of the earth for years
the last dinosaurs were found. (D) the dinosaurs were killed by the asteroid
The comet or asteroid theory explains two hitting the earth 65 million years ago
things: (1) It explains the larger amounts of rare element (E) most vegetation died because of the dust cloud
iridium found in the 65-million-year-old layers of earth, severing the whole earth
and (2) it explains why the dinosaurs disappeared from
the earth.
Today scientists continue to debate two theories: 5. From the text we may conclude that ________.
the climatic change theory and the asteroid theory. In the (A) modern scientists believe in the asteroid theory
future, evidence may be found that supports a totally (B) the new evidence for a new theory has recently
new theory of why the terrible lizards died. found
(C) there is no agreement among scientists about
the two theories
1. The main information of the text is about _________. (D) scientists have accepted the truth of both
(A) the climatic change theory theories
(B) the era of dinosaurs 65 million years ago (E) both theories have been combined to become
(C) the asteroid theory scientifically acceptable
(D) different theories on the extinction of
dinosaurs
(E) the iridium element theory
Text IV
You learn in school through your ears as well as
through your eyes. Experts who have studied human
communication thoroughly have come up with some
revealing facts. They show that the average individual
spend approximately 70 percent of his or her time
communicating. Only about 9 percent of this time is
devoted to writing, 16 percent to reading, 30 percent to
talking, and 45 percent to listening. However, in spite of
the large amount of time spent in listening, the average
person does not do it well. Estimates of listening
efficiency show that the average skill is only about 25
percent of what it should be.