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Indian Standard
ANTI-STRIPPING AGENTS ( AMINE TYPE) —
SPECIFICATION
ICS 75,140
0 BIS 2001
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Bitumen,
Tar and their Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products
Division Council.
The adhesion between bitumen and aggregate is an important factor for the stability of bituminous pavements.
Very often the cause of damage in road surfacings can be attributed to adhesion failure or stripping of bitumen
film from aggregates.
Water during certain conditions has the ability to strip bitumen from aggregate and once this process starts it
is accelerated by trafllc. Most of the aggregates are more easily wetted by water than by bitumen.
Anti-stripping agents are used the world-over, to overcome the stripping problem in bituminous pavements.
Anti-stripping agents improve the bond between binder and aggregate. In the presence of anti-stripping agents,
the nature of aggregate surface is changed and aggregate becomes more liophilic ( oil loving). Most commonly
used anti-stripping agents now-a-days are long chain organic amines of relatively high molecular weight. The
fatty amines having long hydrocarbon chain are the most suitable anti-stripping agents for bitumen. They are
called fatty amines, as they are produced from fatty acids. To the long fatty hydrocarbon chain an amino
group-NHz is attached. The structure of a saturated amine octadecylamine is shown as under:
CH2 CHZ
cH/cH’ \ /cH’ \ / \ ,. \ /cH2 \ /cH2 \ /cH2 \ /cH2 \ /cH2 \
3 CHZ CHZ CH2 CH2 CHZ CHZ CH2 CHZ NH2
The physical properties of fatty acid amines depend on the length and nature of the hydrocarbon chain. The
shorter the chain, the lower the melting point. Unsaturated hydrocarbon chains give lower melting point than
saturated ones. For example, oleyeamine ( unsaturated ) is liquid at a temperature of 25°C. The typical
chemical formula for oleyeamine is as given below:
—
CH3 CH2 CH = CH CH2 CH2
>H/ >H/cH2>H/cH2\ /
CHZ ‘c{ \c{ \ CH2
/cH*\ CH2,CH2, NH2
The hydrogena~ed tallow~ saturate: ) has a melting point of ~bout 50°~. The chemical properties of fatty acid
amines can be varied by changing the number of amine groups and their positions in the molecule. Stearyl di-
amine is an example of fatty acid amine which is ofien used as anti-stripping agent. It contains both primary
and secondary amine groups.
Each molecule of these cationic fatty acid amines has a little ‘head’ which attaches itself with incredible force
to the stone aggregate surface irrespective of the presence of water on the aggregate surface; and an elongated
‘body’ which holds on equally strongly to the binder, thus ensuring that the solid is coated with a regular layer
of binder. The balance between the length of the hydrocarbon chain and the number of amine groups has
therefore great influences on the adhesive power of doped bitumen. Short hydrocarbon chains are less soluble
in bitumen than longer ones and their bond to the bitumen is weaker. Optimum performance is obtained with
14-18 carbon atom chain amines, with one or especially two amine groups, one of which is primary amine
group.
This standard has been prepared for the guidance of the users and manufacturers of the anti-stripping agents
of fatty amine type.
The Composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex F.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number of significant places retained
in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 14982:2001
Indian Standard
ANTI-STRIPPING AGENTS ( AMINE TYPE) —
SPECIFICATION
1 SCOPE 3 TERMINOLOGY
1.1 This standard prescribes the physical, chemical For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given
and performance requirements of anti-stripping agents in IS 334 and the following shall apply.
( fatty acid amine type) used in bituminous materials
for use in road pavements. 3.1 Stripping
1.2 This standard also provides guidance with respect Stripping is the breaking of the adhesive bond between
to applications, storage, handling, safety precautions, the aggregates and the bitumen or tar. In one way or
and additive dosage of anti-stripping agents. the other water gets in between the bitumen film and
the aggregate surface and because the aggregate
2 REFERENCES
surface has higher attraction for water than for bitumen
The following standards contain provisions which, the adhesive bond is broken.
through reference in the text, constitute provisions
of this standard. At the time of publication the editions 3.2 Active Adhesive
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to If an anti-stripping agent is added to the bitumen, even
revision and parties to agreements based on this wet aggregate surface may be coated. This is defined
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility as active adhesive.
of applying the most recent editions of the standards
listed below: 3.3 Passive Adhesive
IS No. Title If bitumen does not have the power to coat wet
73:1992 Paving bitumen ( second revision) aggregate, but has coated dry aggregate and the
contact angle between water, aggregate and bitumen
334:1982 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen does not change when immersed in water, it is defined
and tar ( second revision ) as passive adhesive.
1202:1978 Methods of testing tar and 4 MATERIALS
bituminous materials —
— Determination of specific gravity Any suitable long chain fatty acid amine of bitumen,
(first revision ) which is effective to prevent the stripping with any
1209:1978 aggregate, may be used. It shall not have any adverse
Methods for testing tar and
effect on bitumen properties ( see IS 73 ) when
bituminous materials —
Determination of flash point and fire incorporated in optimized dosage.
point (jirst revision) 5 REQUIREMENTS
1211:1978 Methods for testing tar and 5.1 Anti-stripping agent either liquid or powder shall
bituminous materials — be homogeneous materials having tolerable odour.
Determination of water content
( Dean and Stark method) (first 5.2 The physical, chemical and performance
revision ) requirements of the anti-stripping agents shall comply
with the requirements specified in Table 1.
1448[P:1O]: Methods of test for petroleum and
1970 its products: P: 10 Cloud point and 6 SAMPLING
pour point (fwst revision)
6.1 For the purpose of testing, the sampling procedure
1448[P: 86]: Methods of test for petroleum and from drums, barrels or tank shall be as follows:
1977 its products: P: 86 Determination of
total base number by potentiometric The content of drum or barrel from which the
perchloric acid titration method sample is to be drawn shall be warmed up to
45-55”C, if required, and thoroughly mixed by
5194:1969 Method for determination
rolling to and fro on the ground for a period of
nitrogen— Kjeldahl method
5 to 10 min. Where practicable, the content of
6241:1971 Method of test for determination of that tank shall be agitated by forced circulation
stripping value of road aggregates or air before sampling.
1
IS 14982:2001
Table 1 Requirements for Anti-Stripping Agents ( Amine Type)
( Clause 5.2)
,’ NOTE — The sample of anti-stripping agent shall be 8.2 BIS Certification Marking
drawn within 24 h after delivery and tested within
7 days from the date of drawing, unless otherwise specified. The container may also be marked with the Standard
6.1.1 Preparation of Samples Mark.
Before carrying out any of the tests, the sample shall 8.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by
be mixed by gentle shaking to ensure uniformity. the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act,
1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder.
6.2 If the single sample from a single run fails to fulfill
The details of conditions under which the Iicence for
the test requirements specified under 5, sample shall
the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to
be drawn on the basis of 6.1 for testing in the same
manufactures or producers maybe obtained from the
manner. If these samples conform to requirement
Bureau of Indian Standards.
of 5, the lot shall be accepted otherwise the lot shall
be rejected. 9 APPLICATION
7 TESTS 9.1 Anti-stripping agents can be used for the f~tfowing
Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be carried out two purposes:
according to the methods referred to in Table 1.
a) For Bituminous Surfacing (Sprayed Work)
8 MARKING
It covers road construction like surface dressing,
8.1 Each container shall be legibly and indelibly marked penetration macadam, built up spray grout, etc.
with the following:
b) For Bituminous Surfacing ( Premixed
a) Name of the product;
Surfacing )
b) Indication of the source of manufacture;
It covers bituminous surfacings like open graded
c) Month and year of manufacture; and premix carpet, bituminous macadam, semidense
d) Batch number or code number. asphaltic concrete and dense asphaltic concrete.
2
IS 14982:2001
ANNEX A
A-1 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD are taken in a measuring cylinder. The cylinder along
with its contents is kept in water-bath maintained at
The test determines the volubility of anti-stripping
50* 1“C for half an hour. Take out the cylinder from
agent in bituminous binder. As bitumen is opaque
water-bath and shake vigorously for 10 min. Remove
( black colour material ), high speed diesel oil of the
the stopper, keep the cylinder in water-bath for 24 h
same family is taken to determine the volubility of
and examine for separationisettlement.
anti-stripping agent.
A-2 REAGENT A-4 REPORTING OF RESULTS
A-2.1 High Speed Diesel Oil
An anti-stripping agent is reported to be completely
A-3 PROCEDURE
soluble in high speed diesel oil if no separation/
98 ml of the diesel oil and 2 ml of anti-stripping agent settlement is observed after 24 h.
ANNEX B
B-1 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD are prepared with 0.0,0.25,0.50,0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and
1.50 percent content of anti-stripping agent and kept
This test determine whether any degradation in quality
in an oven at 163°C for 5 h. After heat exposure, the
of anti-stripping agent is caused as a result of its storage
blend samples are fluxed with kerosene oil to obtain
in hot bitumen at 163°C for 5 h.
cut-back bitumen of consistency of MC-3 and tested
B-2 REAGENTS for under water coating test described in Annex C.
B-2.1 Cut-back bitumen MC -3 ( 4 parts of bitumen B-4 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
and one part of kerosene. ).
Anti-stripping agent is deemed to be heat resistant if
B-3 PROCEDURE
the dose requirement before and after heat exposure
Blends of anti-stripping agent and bitumen to be used remain the same.
4
IS 14982:2001
ANNEX C
ANNEX D
5
IS 14982:2001
ANNEXE “
A numerical index of reduced marshall stability is The Marshall test specimens shall be prepared using
obtained by comparing the marshall stability of fleshly 5 percent bitumen 80/100 as well as bitumen blended
moulded and cured samples with the marshall stability with 1.0 percent anti-stripping agents ( unexposed,
of duplicate samples that have been immersed in water heat exposed and air exposed ). The test samples shall
for 24 h. give a void content of about 6 percent. Atleast 6
Marshall specimens for each of the blend shall be
E-2 APPARATUS
prepared. Each set of 6 test specimens shall be sorted
E-2. 1 Water-Baths out in two groups of 3 each so that the average specific
E-2.1. 1 Manually or automatically control water-bath gravity of the specimens in Group I shall be almost
for bringing the immersed test samples to 60+ 1“C
the same as in Group II. Group I specimen shall be
for marshall test. tested for Marshall stability as per the standard
Marshall procedure, storing the specimen in water
E-2. 1.2 Water-Bath for Density A4easurement at 60”C for 30 to 40 min. Group 11specimens shall be
An ordinary water-bath for weighing the test samples immersed in water at 60°C for 24 h and then tested for
in water in order to determine their densities. Marshall specimens shall be computed separately and
retained Marshall stability will be calculated as under:
E-2.2 Balance — Suitable for weighing the test samples
Average Marshall
in air and water. Retained Marshall Stability of Group 11
E-2.3 Transfer Plates — Sufficient number of flat Stability, percent = Xloo
Average Marshall
glass plates of sufficient size to keep the test samples.
Stability of Group I
NOTE — The water used for the wet storage of test
E-4 REPORT
samples shall be either distilled or otherwise treated to
eliminate electrolytes. The retained Marshall stability will be reported. A
E-3 PROCEDURE minimum retained Marshall stability of 90 percent has
been stipulated for prevention of moisture damage
For quantitative evaluation, the test shall be carried in the field,
6
1S 14982:2001
ANNEX F
( Foreword)
COMMIITEE COMPOSITION
( Continued on page 8 )
7
IS 14982:2001
( Continued from page 7 )
Member-Secretary
SHRI T. KALAIVANAN
Joint Director (PCD), BIS
Bitumen and Bituminous Products Subcommittee, PCD 6:2
Dr Uppal’s Testing and Analytical Laboratory, Ghaziabad SHRIR. S. SHUKLA( Convener )
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Mumbai SHRIJ. A. JANAI
SHRI G. G. TONDON( Alternate )
Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi DR P. K. JAIN
Cochin Refineries Limited, Kerala SHRIV. PAILY
( Alternate )
SHRIR. VENUGOPAL
Highway Research Station, Chennai DIRECTOR
DEPUTYDIRECTOR( Alternate )
Hindustan Colas Limited, Mumbai SHRI H. PADMANABHAN
SHRIV. K. YADAV( Alternate )
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai SHRI S. K. BHATNAGAR
( Alternate
SHRIA. S. PRABHAKAR )
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Debra Dun SHRIU. C. GUPTA
DR J. M. NAGPAL( Alternate )
Indian Oil Corporation ( Assam Oil Division ), Digboi SHRI L P. BARUAH
( Alternate )
SHRIA. C. CHAKARVORTRY
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd ( Marketing Division ), Mumbai SHRI R. S. SLSODIA
SHRIPREMKUMAR( Alternate )
-1 Indian Oil Corporation Ltd ( R&D ) Centre, Faridabad SHRI B. R. TYAGI
SHRIM. P. KALA( Alternate )
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd ( Refinery Division ), New Delhi SHRIA. S. BASU
SHRIS. K. PRASAD( Alternate )
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi SHRI K. B. RAIORIA
SHRIA. V. SINHA( Alternate )
Lloyd Insulations ( India) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi SHRI MOHITKHANNA
SHRIK. K. NATH( Alternate )
Madras Refinery Ltd, Chennai SHRIM. S. SHA~AiM
SUNDER
SHRIB. SAIRAM( Alternate )
Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd, Mangalore SHRIS. RAMESH
Ministry of Surface Transport, New Delhi SHRIC. C. BHATTACHARYA
SHRIS. P. SINGH( Alternate )
National Organic Chemicals Industries, Mumbai SHRIA. R. PAR[SURAMAN
SHRIV. K. SHARMA( Alternate )
Public Works Department, Mumbai SHRIS. R. TAMBE
SHRIV. K. SANAP( Alternate )
Public Works Department, New Delhi SHRIPRABHASSINGH
SHRIA. P. SINGH( Alternate )
STP Limited, Kolkata SHRIT. K. ROY
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications maybe reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. PCD 6 ( 1151 ).
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