THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

Department of Civil Engineering

CIVL1014 (CIVL1114) – SURVEYING AND DRAWING

DRAWING LECTURE
Part 6: Drainage & Highways

Course Lecturer: Ray KL Su

Email: klsu@hkucc.hku.hk
Storm water Drainage System
Storm water drainage system is designed to drain excess rain and ground water from paved
streets, parking lots, footpaths, roofs, and slopes to nearby watercourses. Storm drains are fed by
gutters or grated inlets with underground drain pipes on most roads and towns in areas which
experience heavy rainfall, flooding and regular storms. A storm water drainage usually
comprises inlets, pipes and outlets.

Inlets
The gutter is the edge of a road next to the pavement where rain water collects and flows away.
Grated inlets have gratings or grids to prevent large objects and debris from falling into the
drainage system.
U-channels installed at the crest or toe of a slope are used to collect rain water and drain away
the water.

Pipes / open-channels
Pipes can come in many different shapes (rectangular, square, and more commonly, circular).
Several different materials can also be used, such as brick, concrete, metal and even plastic in
some cases.
Open-channels are a passage along which water flows.
Catchpits are used to connect U-channels at different levels and directions, and to catch debris in
the flowing water.
A manhole is the top opening to an underground pipe chamber used to house an access point for
making connections or performing maintenance on underground pipes.

Outlets
Most drains have a single large exit at their point of discharge (often covered by a grating) into a
river, reservoir or sea. Typically there are no treatment facilities in the storm water drainage
system.

Chainage
For recording horizontal distances as well as for numbering the points along a pipeline system,
the so called chainage method is used. A chainage station is established and numbered when (1)
at every whole multiple of unit length (called full station) specified for that project; and (2) at
any other critical point, e.g. manhole, inlet or outlet.

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Pipe Installation Methods

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Manhole Details

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Drainage Plan

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Longitudinal Section

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Highways
Street furniture
The term "street furniture" covers all types of traffic signs, direction signs, road nameplates, light
poles, noise barriers and other items fixed for the safety and convenience of the public. Safety
fencing, bollards, crash barriers and central dividers are installed to protect pedestrians and
motorists in the event of traffic accidents and, as a result, often get damaged. Bus shelters are
provided to give passengers a degree of protection and comfort while waiting for a bus.

Setting out
Setting out of chainage is used to define the longitudinal alignment of a route. Reference
alignment is generally defined along the central median of a route and setting out marks will be
placed at regular intervals (e.g. 100m) with certain degree of accuracy (e.g. 1m) along the
alignment. Unit of setting out chainage is in meters.

Super-elevation
Super elevation is tilting the roadway to help offset centrifugal forces developed as the vehicle
goes around a curve. Along with friction they are what keep a vehicle from going off the road.

Highway verge
The highway verge comprises of the generally ‘unpaved’ parts of the highway within the limits
of the defined highway. Highway verges are generally untrafficed although they may be used by
pedestrians for passage. It can ensure the safety of the highway user by ensuring that visibility is
not restricted and verges are free from obstructions and without defects which would be
detrimental to the user.

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Highway Plan

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Longitudinal Section

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Cross Sections

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NOTES
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE,
2. ALL COORDINATES GIVEN IN THIS DRAWING ARE BASED ON THE 1980 GAUSS
CONFORMAL COORDINATE SYSTEM UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE.
4. ALL LEVELS ARE IN METERS ABOVE PRINCIPAL DATUM UNLESS STATED
OTHERWISE.
5. SUPERELEVATION SHALL BE APPLIED BY PIVOTING ABOUT THE SETTING OUT
LINE UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE.

6. HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT NOTATIONS

L = 40m : 40m SPIRAL LENGTH
LH = 400m : 400m LEFT HAND RADIUS CURVE
RH = 400m : 400m RIGHT HAND RADIUS CURVE

7. VERTICAL ALIGNMENT NOTATIONS

VIP: VERTICAL INTERSECTION POINT
20m VC : 20m LONG VERTICAL CURVE (a smooth curve)
10% : SETTING OUT LINE GRADIENT

LEGENDS

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