Technical principles of a Tesla Coil

Among his numerous innovations, Nikola Tesla dreamed of creating a way to supply power
to the world without stringing wires across the globe. The inventor came close to
accomplishing this when his "mad scientist" experiments with electricity led to his creation
of the Tesla coil.
The first system that could wirelessly transmit electricity, the Tesla coil was a truly
revolutionary invention. Early radio antennas and telegraphy used the invention, but
variations of the coil can also do things that are just plain cool — like shoot lightning bolts,
send electric currents through the body and create electron winds.
Tesla developed the coil in 1891, before conventional iron-core transformers were used to
power things like lighting systems and telephone circuits. These conventional transformers
can't withstand the high frequency and high voltage that the looser coils in Tesla's invention
can tolerate. The concept behind the coil is actually fairly simple and makes use
of electromagnetic force and resonance. Employing copper wire and glass bottles, an
amateur electrician can build a Tesla coil that can produce a quarter of a million volts.
The setup
A Tesla coil consists of two parts: a primary coil and secondary coil, each with its own
capacitor. (Capacitors store electrical energy just like batteries.) The two coils and
capacitors are connected by a spark gap — a gap of air between two electrodes that
generates the spark of electricity. An outside source hooked up to a transformer powers the
whole system. Essentially, the Tesla coil is two open electric circuits connected to a spark
gap.
A Tesla coil needs a high-voltage power source. A regular power source fed through a
transformer can produce a current with the necessary power (at least thousands of volts).
In this case, a transformer can convert the low voltage of main power into the high voltage.
How it Works
The power of the Tesla coil lies in a process called electromagnetic induction, i.e., a
changing magnetic field creates an electric potential that compels current to flow.
Conversely, flowing electric current generates a magnetic field. When electricity flows
through a wound up coil of wire, it generates a magnetic field that fills the area around the
coil in a particular pattern, shown with lines below:

When huge amount of energy is transmitted through the coil, the magnetic field is exploited
resulting in the release of electric power.

The above image shows the circuit diagram for mini tesla coil. The 275 turns is secondary
coil and with 3 turns is primary one. These coils work as transformer.