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0 The serviceability of a product or structure utilizing this type of Information Is and. must
be the sole responsibility of the builder/user. Many variables beyond the control of The
James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation or The Lincoln Electric Company affect the

•~· .
results obtained In applying this type of Information. These variables Include, but are
not limited to welding procedure, plate chemistry and temperature, weldinent design,
fabrication methods and service requirements.
0
 APPLYING THE SOLUTION GUIDE
The Lincoln Electric Csmpany ,seminars offer an excel-
lent opportunity for engineers to discuss problems that are
common to many different areas of design.
Orner W. Blodgett has compiled solutions to these prob-
lems and others that have been generated for companies in
an attempt to share the ideas that have been gained.
In order to limit this publication to a reasonable number
of pages, only a portion of each design is shown and each
full sheet has been reduced 75% to allow up to four
problems per page.
Inclusion of a design problem does not necessarily mean
approval of the design, in some cases the author was asked
WELD ALLOWABLES- PROPERTIES OF WELD
Permissible Stress on Welds . . . . . . . . . . . .
Types of Welds . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Welds Treated as a Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AISC Fatigue Allowables . .. . . . . . . . . . .
CIRCULAR WELDS
Moment of Inertia & Polar Moment of Inertia of Welds
Weld on Trunnion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
Circular Welds in Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coupler in Steel Mill Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Circumferential Welds in Bending & Torsion . . . . . . . .
Butt Weld of Auger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Circumferential Welds in Torsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Circumferential Welds in Tension . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .
WELD SIZE EXAMPLES
Fillet Welds - Parallel Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 C
Fillet Welds -Transverse Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 D
Base of Signal Tower· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A
Circular and Elliptical Welds in Tension . . . . . . . . . . . 12B
Fillet Welds on Gusset Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12C
Circular and Elliptical Welds in Bending . . . . . . . . . . . 12D
750 Ton Press Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A
Lugs on Fork of Lift Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13C
3 Dimensiona~ Welds on Storage Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Bracket$ on 400 Kip; Extrusion Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14A
Bracket on D~iU Rig- 200 Kip Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14D
Transferring a Moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15C.
Welding Attachment to Hold-Down Platten 17A
(temperature difference) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sign on Tension Flange of Girder (stress difference) .... 17D
Bracket on a 3 High Steel Mill Roll (stress difference) ... 18A
Critical Fillet Weld Size and Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18C
Welds on a 1000 Ton Press . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . • 19A
Welds on a Crane Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19D
Link Support Bracket of Injection Molding Press ..... 20
Links on Fork Lift Truck • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Attachment for Ripper Tooth on Bulldozers . . . . . . . . 23
Welds on Rail for Rollers . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . • . . . . 24D
Stresses in Shell of Pulley . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Welding'bf Masonry Plate on Spandrel Beam . . . . . . . . 30D
Stresses in Double Discs of Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Welded Pulley Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33D
Socket and Shank of Coal Auger . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 35
Welds in 7,145 Kip Hold Down Box Ring . . . . . . . . . ; 38
Welds in Support Box Ring of Basic Oxygen Furnace .. 41
Flange Welds of Vibrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 43D
Welded Rock Crusher . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
to estimate the capacity of thfl ·'iJJ!Idment based upon the
size of existing welds. In other cases, a failure was involved
•
and the weldment was analyzed to determine the cause and
a correction was suggested. This booklet is not meant to be
critical of any design.
The table of contents lists problems by subject matter
and the end of each problem is noted by a bold rule line.
Readers desiring related information should refer to Design
of Weldments published by The James F. Lincoln Arc
Welding Foundation.
Richard S. Sabo
Manager of Educational Services
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LONGITUDINAL SHEAR
. . . . . . . 1 Crane Runway Girder . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 49A
. . . . . . . . 2 Fabricated Columns with Wind Moments ........... 49D
. . . . . . . . 3 Plug Welded Cantilever Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50A
. . . . . . . . 4 Platten for Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 50B
Built-Up Ends of Continuous Beam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50C
Outrigger Beam of Mobile Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50D
Longitudinal Shear - 6 Sided Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5
Longitudinal Shear'- 8 Sided Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 52A
6A
Longitudinal Shear -Circular Section . . . . . . . . . . . . 52C
6C
7 CURVED MEMBERS
BD
9 Basic Curved Beam Formu Ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
10 Curved Beam Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54A
Welded 2 Ton Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55D
•
11 B
Transfer of Moment Into Press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56C
Weld Stress in Curved Portion of Lamp Frame . . . . . . . 58
TORSION
Torsional Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59A
Torsional Resistance- Closed Tubular Sections ...... 59B
Torsional Resistance- Diagonal Bracing . . . . . . . . . . . 59C
Frames Under Torsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59D
Member Failing in Torsion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
TUBULAR MEMBERS
Welds for Tubular Structures . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Tubular Structures Fatigue Allowable . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Dihedral Angle Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Example of Tubular Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
SHOCK LOADING
Shock Loading- Basic Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Shock Loading- Basic Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 •
Girder to Absorb Energy • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69A
Welds on Car Bumper - 5 MPH Shock Load . . . . . . . . 69B
Ore Striking Bumper Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69C
Weld on Trailer Hitch- Shock Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Trailer Hitch - Road Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Axle Mounting Bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75D
Welded Eccentric for Vibrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
DISTORTION
Distortion of Spandrel Girder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 A
Diametrical Shrinkage of Butt Weld on Pipe . . . . . . . . 77B
•
Angular Distortion- Single Vee Groove Butt Weld .... 77C
Angular Distortion -Single Bevel Groove Butt Weld ... 77D
Distortion of 90 Foot Long Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78A
Longitudinal Shrinkage of Girder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78C
 Stress Allowables for Weld ·Metal
I Type of Weld Stress Permissible Stress
COMPLETE PENETRATION ~ROOVE WELDS
Required Strength Level I 1 )(2)

Tension normal to the effective throat.
Compression normal to the effective throat.
Tension or compression parallel to the axis
of the weld.
Shear on the effective throat.
PARTIAL PENETRATION GROOVE WELDS
Compression normal to' effective throat.
Same as base metal. Matching weld metal must be used. See
Table below.
Same as base metal. Weld metal with a strength level equal to
or one classification (1 0 ksilless than
matching weld metal may be used.
Same as base metal.
Weld metal with a strength level equal
.30 x Nominal. Tensile strength of weld metal to or less than matching weld metal may
be used.
(ksi) except stress on base metal shall not
exceed .40 x yield stress of base metal.
Designed not to bear - .50 x Nominal Tensile
strength of weld metal lksi) except stress on
base metal shall not exceed .60 x yield stress
of base metal.

Designed to bear. Same as base metal.

Tension or compression parallel to axis of
the weld. 131
Shear parallel to axis of weld.
Tension normal to effective throat. (41
Same as base metal. Weld metal with a strength level equal to
or less than matching weld metal may be
used .
.30 x Nominal Tensile strength of weld metal
lksil except stress on base metal shall not
exceed .40 x yield stress of base metal.
.30 x Nominal Tensile strength of weld metal
lksil except stress on base metal shall not
exceed .60 x yield stress of base metal.

I ·stress on effective th.roat, regarle&s of

direction of application of load.
FILLET WELDS 13)

.30 x Nominal Tensile strength of weld metal

lksil except stress on base metal shall not Weld metal with a strength level equal
exceed .40 x yield stress of base metal. to or less than matching weld metal may
be used.
Tension or compression parallel to axis Same as base metal.
of weld.·
PLUG AND SLOT WELDS
Shear parallel to faying surfaces. .30 x Nominal Tensile strength of weld metal Weld metal with a strength level equal
lksil except stress on base metal shall not to or less than matching weld metal may
exceed .40 x yield stress of base metal. be used.
(1) For matching weld metal, see AISC Table 1.17.2 or AWS Table4.1.1 or table below.
(2) Weld metal, one strength level ( 10 KS I) stronger than matching weld metal may be used when using alloy weld metal on A242 or A588 steel
to match corrosion resistance or coloring characteristics (Note 3 of Table 4.1.4 or AWS 01.1 ).
(3) Fillet welds and partial penetration groove welds joining the component elements of built up members (ex. flange to web welds) may be
designed without regard to the axial tensile or compressive stress applied to them.
(4) Cannot be used in tension normal to their axis under fatigue loading lAWS 2.5). AWS Bridge prohibits their use on any butt joint (9.12.1.1 ),
or any splice in a tension or compression member (9. 17), or splice in beams or girders (9.21 ), however, are allowed on corner joints parallel
to axial force of components of built up members ( 9.12. 1.2 ( 21. Cannot be used in girder splices (AISC 1.1 0.8).

MATCHING WELD METAL AND BASE METAL

Weld
Metal BOor 70 70 80 100 110
A36; A53, Gr. B; A106, Gr. B; A131, A131, Gr. AH32, OH32, EH32, AH36, A572, Gr. 60, A614 [over A514 [2·1/2
Gr.A,B,C,CS,O,E;A139,Gr.B; DH36, EH36; A242; A441; A516, Gr. 65; A537, 2·1/2 in. (63 in. (63 mml
A381, Gr. Y35; A600, Gr. A, B; A601; 65; 70; A537, Class 17; A572, Gr. 42, Class 2; A63, mmi];A709, and under];
Type of A516, Gr. 55, 60; A524, Gr. I, II; 45, 60, 55; A588 (4 in. and under!; Gr. E Gr. 100, 100W A517; A709,
Steel A529; A570, Gr. D, E; A573, Gr. 66; A595, Gr. A, B, C; A606; A607, Gr. [2-1/2 to 4 in. Gr. 100, 100W
A709, Gr. 36; API 5L, Gr. B; API 5LX, 45, 60, 55; A618; A633, Gr. A, B. C, (63 to 102 [2·1/2 in. (63
Gr. 42; ABS, Gr. A. B. D, CS, OS, E D (2·1/2 in. and under); A709, Gr. 60, mmll mml and
60W; API 2H; ABS Gr. AH32, DH32, under]
EH32, AH36, DH36, EH36.

I
• 1•
 J'n.LU IIBUI LOliDI!D IR .111ft' DDIIC'rlOJ!

i ! . l l - l e - weld 1.8 the .... ae baoe metAl.

llatcbi"'J -ld ....tal .....t bl lleed.
•
Shall not overatzeae the baae metal.

PAR'l'IAL PENB'lRATIOII G!!90VB !!1!LDS

SREAII (pulled parallel) TBIISIOII (pulled aomal) AllowUle ahear 011 weld • .30 EXX om tbroat.
Allowable ahear on weld • • 30 BXX Allowable cenaioa om weld • • 30 BXX Lover atre119t:h weld: metal may be used at ita lower allowable.
Shall not overatreaa baae metal in Sball DOi: overatreaa base metal 1D
shear... • .fo 0y tension. • • &0 0y
Sball DOt overat.reaa the base metal in abear.
L.ower atrength weld metal may be uaed at ita lower allowal»le.

SHEAR PARALLEL TO AXIS OP !!§I,D

'l'RIJSS JOINT - COMPLE'l'E PBIIBTRATIOII GROOVB NELliS

71\e teDaion COOipOAeftt would

require matahl D9 ""lei 118tal.
•
1.~1: ~M" '• p~n•.tnJ'tlotJ
~-·· .....d
Allowable shear ~ veld • .30 2XX on Uroat.
Lower atrenvth weld metal 11ay be u.secl at lta lower allowUle ..
AllowUle on ftlcJ is the aame aa baae
-tal.
Ma'tahl119 weld metal 'IIU&t be ueed ..

C9!!PI!BSSIOII IIOlUUIL TO AX.IS OP IIELD llot reooaended uleaa

Shall not overat.reaa the base metal in ehear. absolutely 118CBeaary
blcauee of exce•'l.ive
u01111t of welcl metAl.

TBHSIOR OR COMPRBSS!O! PAJW.L!L fO AXIS OP tmLQ

p>rtio.l

•
f:!~=~
&llawllble of ... ld ia the .... u l>aee •ul.
Lowv eU""9t9> weld - 1 •Y 1>a uBIId.

- 2.
 A prggnrt;y gt H''ded qonpogym - trutfn• - weld .. a line c
Propertt~
•
ot v ldad conneotlaa
- tre•ttnc \he veld as a ltne

E-~-· l• d r,.·• .!!..'

r"l·
.1'
s.·;-

I )rpl·
,. S,•.f
T,•-z;- r~tl>b'•d')
a •·· 1" -• t.•2d r,• !!i' s,• kl
c• .&;:{
t_ 'Y 2.

T "=;;' .I.8' '!lj. ..•• bel J. l-Cb'-nd')

c! --""--~ L•Zb b, .fiN"
_l
~
I
I,:"?;" vf C.• 2.

r.·1f(~) s..•-i(n•") '>.off:".;t-, r:.•Jc,•.c, 1.• 2r(} e= -Ujf~

r;. r~T'
1

·-~--r· •zt~
L' b+d
Cr
r,.~(~i ~·-H... ••) -s,,.f(t;jf) c,•/c:•c~ r'(s+ Wp-~) Jy-- r'{a- sl!!p)
L..:r.JL..)• J= ~ + ~
"f tll't"d. Cr· &..
!!( .... \ 't'alttd)
j ~..,.I.~ JL t:.~,..a- 'i"(til!)
" ..
,.,_ i. _.ltr_ ~ _ •· :z;,= r'(tH ~} .J;.•
\ 'r
:r~· ft(,btc!) ;r-~~)~\('"••i)

t·
s,· t(~oi>+dl
r L• 2b•~
- . 2ibtd I
c•/N:tiif
_ r tin9
e··-r
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l ;;;;;;r
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sr· ~btzd)
~b....:.tt- r.·f(~) s, ·-%(abod) d'l Zb +<I)
rt-~t · L• b•zJ
r.L r.,• fz(b+<>d) Sy• -l-!bt,d)
"'· btZd
3.
s.~,·"T Tid
\t~)+,lo+lod)
c• /N.'+O.J'

rQ·
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L
-~
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Xy• J/(bt !.I) Ytlbt"34) J=¥
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c-~
z.

T.Jft·
L ~
L· bud r,•tl~) ~.... ~(zb•d) \,·f!~)
r,· £' vf\. c;.·.f.a
j•~i'WJr)t~
' c,· d( ~)
C •f<,'+l"t.JL
L• r(1tn)

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y

£...-2(·,..;•) :r,.. t lt!;lt) '>.,• tt~b•d) ~-.·+ 1~)

~
L
·- --{ I 1 ;: f. ~,. t Gr* -.(:~..) Co•t{WJ-)
,L <o J• f-lwt- )+ t c:. Jc.,• +l"'>>" L• t'(1f+2-2 I')
-b-tl L-: :.t 1 ~.~~o; T,•-ll 3b +d) ~.· 4£!b-td)

II I
r,:f
J"=f{!.btd)•~
-;,· j ib'<d'
C.=-z.--

':>·11" r'

L..: 1r r cT• r(t-*") Ce• ;:

I,' rYlf- ~) Iyr _r;1L

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L• Z(1tr -t-d) if-b-11~·~
*- Q!.
I.. • >.S b' J• ZI

r •
..>y--;r
11"r • { /r~
) )

1·/1~ .r.·-n-/(a'+Zit)
.r. "-n:Q.(c!'H o')
-·- 1<-D~
~dt .,jew 7.: 2 Jd'+fJE

·-
-3-
 detallsattaahedby
lilletorfiRICM!welds
a<2" c

lilii1J~jl
7'<a<4"or12b Q)
a> 4" or 12b E)

~
~~~~
A

B
c
0

E
60
46
32
27
21
36
27.5 18
19
16
12.6
24

13
10
8
24
16

~~.
7
5
NJ~
r..
Stnm

~R@ TR
F 16 12 9 8
Shear"sue..
~
y
klbe •at toe of stiffener welds on
fillet welded girder webs or flangea.

M (/

©
friction on gross section
~ but shall not exceed
steady allowables
-'"!!on net """'""' M

allowable
M
fatigue
stress

other than M
HSbofts
TR@)

0
M

TR@) "max or Tma• = maximum allowable

fatigue stress
O.r or T., = allowable range of stress,
from table

K =--=--·--·--·--
Omin
"max
Mmin Fmin
Mmax
Tmin Vmin
F,.... '~"max Vma•
to connectton of any rolled sectKlM

Curved arrow indicates region of S = shear

application of fatigue allowables T = tension
- - Straight arrows indicate applied R = reversal
forces M = stress in metal
W " stress in weld
Grind in the direction of stressing only
w 1 = allowable steady shear stress
(when slope is mentioned (ex. 1 in 2-1/21
set) this is always the maximum value. Less
M.
slope is permissable.
TR@

AISC allowable fatigue stress (asr and 75 rl (kips) -also used by AWS Structural Welding Code (Sect. 8- Building) •

• • •
 A c
z

•
nut aoment of inertia of a croas aectlon 1s referenced to an axis vhlch ~

~or the aeatton. It ie aa though the plana or tbls sect.lcm t.eDda t.o revol•e about
·tht.a ax,s, aee figure (a)., The basic moment ot tnert18 la a un.lt area mult.lplle4 b7
the square or tho dlet.anee or this al"'!a 1.o the reterer:ace ala, see tlgure (d).
Fisurea (a) and (d) reproeaent t.he moment ot i.nert.la about the (x-x) ax1a, and ripee
(b) aad (e) represent the moment Of ioertl.e about t.be (7-y) axle.
\
\
',
'l'he polar moJIIEillt of tnertla ot a erase sect.lco ls referenced to an axil normal to the ' -
~ oJ.' the oroos secUcm.. It 11 as tbou.lh the plana ot thLs s~~"Ctloa teads to rotate

about this axis, see figure (c). The baaic polar J¥1msnt ot inertia is a unit area
~t~~lt.lpll.ed ~ the square of tbe rolar dlet.Gnce· t.o this area (~), see tltJ"U"8 (t).
Since the SQU.Ve or tbis polar distance la equal to the SWII Of the &q\Y:res or the

d1atances to t.he (x•x) and (;y-7) axea 1 lt. can be shown th11t thenpoler moment ot lnertla y
is equal t.o the sum or the moments or tnertla taken about cny t.vo axes at 90° to ••ch

··-0':·
other. S!nce axea (x-x) and Cr•r) •re 90° to etch oth•1 the 8WII or the moment ol
inert.le aboat t.he (x-x) axla and the moaen.t ot lnertla about the (r-r) axlllll 1s equal
X
to the polar moRent or inertia about axis (s-z) 1 normal 1.o both axes (x-.a:) and ()'•7).

or r,... I,. .. r 7
/a.. ts) 1Y,
( .,.__~

y
e"= Y'+~t a/$t> y: r Sin .I.
1
So e'&= y ..... sin\Lib
¥
4 ]'.: {de) e•

•
-
/

z
\
I
:
I
m
• J I
, /; -!\1r

: dp •
B
D

\:· t'L I '

-
___....,...---;
1\ \
II \ \ ' ,_,'
:
' X
.- --- \
\-
\
K l
\
I
...i----1
1
I
--~

I ._ y
'z '
~-
I
I

@) CD ly
~·Ad;• I.,t-I1

It la possible t.o bave a condttlOQ la vbit:Jb the axU ot revGlutlon neit.her Uu 11 tn tha
plane or the section (1110ment or lDertl.a) nor 18 normal to the plrme ot the aect ion (polar IVe .,,;,11 9ef the same resuttif>vr ~o~.se the·pqr«lle/ aJttr
mollldlt or lnertla),
theorem. First f,h,J ~
a66ut tUI'S{z,-z,) t:hen -shift
para lie I t!J d1ste1ncP or(%.) -ilJ eo(i~ (2-z),
In tbe tollow1ag welcled aGMectt.on., oCOISlatlng or Wo el.ra.WI!'erentl.el velds 3o1n1n1 ~

trunnion ot a abaft t.o tvo end dlsce• tbe a.ls (z-z) F&&slns thi'OUSb the center ot snvlt-7 J"•• r .. + A("A/
•ee DW'S P•'!e z.2-8
or tbe welda 1s t.ba az1a abou:t vhich the two velds tend to rot.at.e because ot t.be beodlns
act.lon or the t.runnlcD (vartloal bearlns 1"88ctlan X the moment an.). Notice that the
Iz,= (2wetcls Y1r "r1) tt
Dw f'A'Ie
b...t- lle<f lee t (t)
z:s-1"
A~ k weldi)(z'llr)
retarence axis {z-z) lies parallel to tbe plane of eaah veld. P'o-.ap, but does not lle
vlthln eltber plane. J. • C! 1t r "t 'l'lrr( ~)' • arrr\'!T"rb"-
U ve cCilSider tbe t.vo clrcumterentl•l-velds (a) ~ (b) u conoentr~Wd at t.helt aent.era
or aravity, th8D lt ls seen tb3t the ret'ereaoa uls (z-•) Ls ncmu:l to the plane 01' these
1 Jz = 'IT"r~-~r:. ~

•
'"4&ld groups, therefore ve could. call tbls properf.J' ot the :;~ect10JI 1 polar IROIIMJft~ or 1nert1a•

- 5-
 A c

;r.:!.~~nry7r-~~~~7T.ni~n7~~

I
~T~~~~~~~~~~
'1

a" /o•··--=~-1~•=~~:=::~===
I--raoment arm • IS •
P"'perty of l,<ldd, - ~... bc"d1nq 4b.. ..t ~~nter oF "fi'<IUity of we/Js

J..= 'IT'r-(zr'+b"") • '!r-2"·1Z(2j.T-('''"J• z?'·~in"

horiuntll./ compen.. nt p~ b<rndtnq
(. M c: ... Qo.Dt>olbt• lll•Y2.th) .. DLI()'> d,,.
rh T 2.?(.,5' 1 hl · -,-, ,• 7111
uertt~l component ef
beadmq
r • !1ft. jlooorJO 1/n•I'S•nXJtn) /{) ~
rv :r. 2'1'-S" ,;i~ " /,'I •5 ,;,

vert iea.l 'hea.r

'"h.:t•4~<e "u..-l.re for f.'llet welrl1

a~ •-t•ID~cyoM Wid r<lflllt! K<=-1 ,...•nol
IS 1'= 'IS'DOp.,· on thrMt
- bto),!l,C"·""' .~

---· -·~-----------------
B r . . • r2, + A[i)~ .,.. , .. e l)W'i> p"-'le
·--~·-·
"l.Z-8
.r~,· {i. w~ld~{lr"'l~ DLV p<~~e 'l,"J•I'-
b~<t ne91er.t' c~)
low • - • 'Ills tnlllnlao tllmo "' 200 IPII ond raqlllrea 100 81' to drlve 1•,
A" {z we.lcls)t2'11'r)
HP .. 43.oooXtco). '3/ !6
T " c.'!lpoo
RPfo\ Zoo '
fi'OD
'
1
·
" $
I 2
"' Z 'lt't" ~ f 't'rtr(_j}'l.
pro pert'( of. weld J~ = T • T
'ltd • 'It 'I ~
~ liO. 27 in..,
. ~or one we(c{ or Tz = 11"1 ( 2 r .. + b")

J.· z.(so.2'1)~ IIJO,fi'itl'(t~Jo"J•/ds) Ex&~mele

M .. ~ .. ; 111 • In /<ops bw 11. 1rr E?Owe/d
i" tu:tr<:& he.au.., pipe • A• /l.e in" t.•.!lJin
u.nit ~ore e "" weld oD• :~.-zS'• r='f.lur I • 10~ in4
ft • J.~
TC. /1>t,S'OO ,;, ll>s){2 in)_
/OO,fi' /h"S -
6. z ~. 'f 'itt;,
r ~· )'!7.'!fl.r,;.

r~.· I'IID.S t;',p

~""" ~.· '9'10. "!I,,,;,

f,· (.H..ttU.It,;

•
6
 A c

•
It: is cU.ffiCNll: ~ give a dir..,t .,...,.. on the design of thie
welded coupler. Although the ral:ed - of the clriving 1110~
land Ua RPHI are given, there is aome quenion in my mind aa ~
whether this ie th8 11uiJDIIDI ~rque or c:oulcl U: raverae inatant:ly?
Could this be a ahoal< loed? COUld thare be any miaalig-nt in
this C011pler7 If so, thia aould introdllaa very high bending
__ ..... ----
11101181\t& on tbe eo~~plar. M ----...::.-.:.:::
I am DDt certain ao ~ the type of applioation of the load -
steady, fatigue, or oboe!<. U fatigue, then the life axpeoted
....::.~~r.' : l d"=.!~e.~~.::'"::: :r~=~o::.::~
!..r:r
the wlda, Por erample, with B70 weld metal -
of
frOID a valaa
going
of f • u,aso v for ateady loads all the way dovn ~ F • 3180 v
for a complete reversal fatigue 1oa4 over 2, DOO ,ooo cyale•.
On aheat l&l , I have checked the fillet - l d le9 alae for ~oion
only. 'fbe aiae,variea from two 3/8• fillet• Lor a atea4y load~
t110 7/8' fillets i f complete reveral in fatigue.

a s . - to be -fectly
:t:!::..~~ ~.
r,id.
On sheet IS) , I haVe aonaiclered the additiQI\81 problem of • -
vertical llialignllant 1.010 incbesl i f the - . (discs) are
Of c:ourae, thio aondUion would
·';3,, i= ;, ~lf::.~:.:::a f!:"~!i:lte
as-sume A,.. 010 ,;,
M ~ "{3o•tc•X&&9s-){. 010),..
in~ couiderat:ton •
(71) ...

• Two c.h-cum Ferenz'lq/ fillet wekls IAJ(Jt.ld have

of ;nertti:l of-
(treatti79 weld as a /he)
c:2 ~/4.~ .'Tl~rne·rrt
Fortl.l.nQtely the end d1sc<:. arf!" not 100?, r/9/d, t!Jere
\!-Jill be ::.ome venciin~ in the dr'~s ana the moment(MJ
V1ill be much lower.
r.a.
D

J.,-=2{-"ti·'): 1fi-'~. 7r(:_r.lm zr...sso. ,;.,"

,. .. J} .,.. F.· .If:..." [o;.,oo.~X/.3) _ 't:...., 1•1;::.
• <t 2'-, Sc5"0 - z.:; "" "
-11
-··--··-----------------
For steady /()adtt?r and .£ 70 -,.,efd mdttl, the ,:;,_~t.--a!A· 'S

~ "'(.3oY'Io.ooo'f'!"7)-=- 1'/,'ii'.SO 161,;., ,.

"'-r,
/,e9 517--e w~ ~
~= .17oO.'' • F.• f, r,ll(• f. 'Yr.
but because of the z?./dts'c I lASe t 1-1'0 14nit force on welcled e<>nnedton F.·ffi
'S= ~d~ •1tr~ (treated as a ltne)
f ~ • ~ • ::."1,. pricJ. ~~fit~Nr InCh)

5iart IAnth a ~ertrie.l dtspl~tcement Qnd um;rier

ends f ,jc.,cl • c:ldermlne end momedt th tut.e

-----:101~ ®

•
L conclt'tkm

. 7.
 A example L~7/,;,
c
,_,. 111/A>111 end dries 'to n:~~te (~) s.. there /S nt> 1!'nd
tr10ment lh tde r,= 13.0,,; b•/3.5'111
---'9..1--
·1 I r~· l'.S in t• ~~, ,;,

•
·~f A. r ,()(0 1;,

Fz· '~F' (~·+~

t>owe\IE'r -To>---;r
,. t)
A,= 6j,r;
..., 1~ {/JJi ..!QS~ 6c1 1$ !lfptJI;?.e oncr
,~rFa':t~"i nNJm•nll rcac-t,"rr :..~-,..
.,,., '•l
and
s•~n .

f',_ •
~
trr.r-..
t

l:= 1.
z~/
d t".lc:
Q-=s-=s_ec_m_e_
h.
___J_-L.:.._:
,--- dll' 2,... 1

'50
11' r;
(,F t'(~ "''
A r...c b"
7i b + ""'
c>r
"' ... • 'lrr.r. t'E 8..(:2r.t
IY~'I''tJ. ,Zbl I
b) fb•~• 2~;: • /II.{() /Jyq, h" F'y._,..,_,.• '3c>S lbltn f, • IC,<t(> !ft•.(.._.,. ~~..,1([))

~. • jr;,...;if,' fll'it>'t 305'

0
• ZC.YO~ "' 2.890 16/fir

~rom ~l>eet(i), fa1t'l.""' a/iowa bit',·~ ~·1teo

her>ce k'l -:.ru ..uo .. !d b.. w• 1f~g.,. 9o~· or@

T _ l____ :
d,,. :

J. ___IIi.:-..·-----~!
··--·'

itA. be.
,tt~~ H·;s.
,,,. ~--t;i-

and t?· e. t e. tn••ta11t 11n:t fo.-c<." on ""ld

,.,.., Vft b'
e• i7Y + :ii'lt:-:r.~.r.lf.""t•""E"'c"':~""r;+""b'""~ lr' jf,'• fb'• f,' • /.n'+ z.z~·+ z.~s· ::: 1.51"''~
u~i> Al'SC. Fat•cjut> Allowabln cat<'qt>ry@ '"'"
or E'IO WEld
life N= lfXJ. 000 l!f(Cfe~
mrtal
'!i{re-:;, "'"''If! k • rna. -0
<11/c>wable 1'.,.., ~ ~ • ~· = J$" 51 b.i not fD P<ef"•~ 21 .,,

le1 -,,z ~ .,f f,'flti ....~·d

alt.o <r<>tnq bo.clc l.o the 1,.-j:..-~ o" o;heef@
~:r.. ('~I:as) !Jt

•
2
M.. • bw.t L· A.· e r;

~.0:..1 bel'<;.:;
a. u.nit lei"CC-i ~ o' ""''d.-d
conneet,On

. 8.
 ~r~----------~l=zoo,~U--------------------------~j7
A c
~k-------....Qa. ,,.,•::..·---------~,k!f----b c s'""'----~:JI
\\'A\•\1\f·"t\~'
I l \ I I 1 1,\ AA AA~IIAt.t.~
' ) \I\ \ ~ \ \ \ \
Slnca tnle part ratet••• U •lght ba wall ta u•• tf'la AWl f et1Que • aftiiUlM rar tN
allaweble at tllil fillet weld.

• f .V \J {\/
v If\' 1 J \· 'I 'I ~~~V V V V V V . For
/!s.~t"/t· orZ.ill"f.;,
Ze>.l
)
'Ytt or 1,6&!1.;,~
¥1/f~ ,, 3.'15 ~n lr/00 4J
1- "Yz
I.U•/,,811tr••
3VOO C(J

HH+H::oj
.IE .. 11¥. ---il
t.."lt:I0"-
, ... : •..j
1"1,• ¥ft·1<}: (I.,S~IIY)(zoo-1/<f)" • /2Z

IJJ.o..i baou:e .of the .• 'i~'l ml:h {h,C.( P!Re 1 AWS

wo!.l.ld trG>urre a m•mmu•n o~ ~4>~b

lf tnla ware ahaek loading, tnla rarca could double. I believe the biliKiaat
unknown load waul.d be the b6:~d1ng ar tna IIYJUrlal to be canvaved, lllhleft tPDuld
rorca the ac:rBtu upward ln the central poi'Uon.

herc e• D

~- ~(1a ib)•(,,qs)ls~:Nz.,u4+8') =
lt• 2L 2(>Da)c(
....,._ 12.4£):
R,=r~.<r~ ·~.)(8'-···)-H,.f lbs' 50 ,., - '-..

tnsume an averape t!Jiiness of the tuhe 1!• • 4>¥8,/,

a, 3 '/ s: ,;, b-. and o.D. "r;,o,;, , then :r"' 3~ 7 /n-r
/1,: f f '1'3.~
I t the sc.rew were ~reed !A.pward A." /.Chn
/VT"' (iz){J)()o~lo•Y39.1)"' 3 ~7, 3oo. ,;,;6, 1
(:).Oo)'l..

• TN only t.arque an thla cunnac:U~m waulcf be that portion eppllad to tna

auacnad aacUon, hOwever we 1111111 ue• Ule full value af tnat supplied by tha
ddVII unit, aesu•ln; the ather and 11 stuck,
8
th/r. would <UUtse a unit /;end;na farce on tr.. -::
weld of-

f =~;
.,..,
3s-?;300 ..
u •. ,
~
~
·;.7
D

f-------4--:r
the steaclf( alhwable on a ~~ 1:::. E 70 IS:
T" "'·0()() liP - fi,UJDOxlt~)
RPM • '1'1
a 12,8'1:? I.? ll>
F= //,ZOO W 2
//,:J.OO{f16) ... E 'i>;i;)
-the Fatt9tt(> a//tJwa~le on 4 ~6h F10 1S'

F
~ S/00 1.t.>
1-%
. ,.1!.9...
, ~
.,../,_,, •
J..,·c.. 'f a
As ,a me:d't'er of 1nterest the b(!ndm9. str~ss
unit torce' on weld m t-he ru.6e under tl11's tJt7nd, 'tton tS-
b~rrdtng ~ • tj • 2.2,S'?S' : tfOO, :6 /!:., "Jtnce N/ =~ Rna /if= IZ ~.._"·I
b 'S., ~-'

~ f = I£. (iz,a1o ')(-,,;,) = I I 3. !;/··:· tr"'

12.4 E"C.
L.._
t ~ 3'10

unit force
r--.~b
resu.lt Qni Tn1a would lndlcat:a 'Lhat: two 5/16 inch fillet walda would prabably provide
the raqubad at.rangt:h af tha tullaa far the ~ loa.da involved; hQtQe¥81' U
~t' nt:al'lal al'tould bind end fare. the BC.f'tl¥ up.rard, tor pample juJt: 1 tnch,
aat1111
the load on the weld as ~~~rell aa tha etraee .1n the tube wauld be varr hlgft.

hv /(+ ~~.... '"(}()\tiS' '1/6 16h_.;

•
. 9.
 A c
In thll next &oathodt we shall J'ACagniu the entln thi'Dilt: ea hevlng dlfferent
!lJ{ !It CtRC!JMFE!!!:NTlAb FILLET !!:ilo£ !!! ~ ~
bu~ we shall aaaume a uniform d1strlbut1an of ehear etre11e tnruughaut

@
There ilr• men~
methode to c•lcul•ta the allawMtlle. tcorqua ldi1Lh l!llr~ be ® redl1 t

the lllltld.

•
tJ'..n&fernd by a ct.rcWDhnnUal fl.llet lftld araunei • shaft,. PFi"NP51 the
almpleat h to tn•t the weld aa a Una iiMd aaaume thilt U '& ncUu1 1a tha su.e
aa that af the ahaft. T
w

lenqih o{ w~id • 2.1t r

-lorau.e arm : r
l
I 1'
llr,it )orce c.n ·~.octd' ~101 £tJ i
r
.l
t Torlll~<t: trrtnsferted by ..,.td 1-.ho.H ct_
Dr IT~ /l1r T 1u t• I o< -!Dr<;ue arm
,.,.;t stress on aru • .,...
: 2:11"(t-t.?D'IX)
:(r1.?11?1t)

u. AT•ZV(t+o'lll'l•)(dx)T(t+.'/D71C) , 21tT (rt-.'IO'JX)~(dx)

obtain the Blllhl: result U' WI' tre•t the weld lis a line lind usa at...nG .. rd
....,,.,au
® design farmul••·
T• 21TT" r'tr'+ Ji rr. t tz.i<')dx •
where
1.-~
rw i- ~)
T· IZ 11-r"' ( r• t -r 12.
and F•.7o7 wT or ~T., = ,?()? 1.u l
~ ln thh
\!;_} throot of
oaet~ad, '>~e

the ""'10,
shall also recoqnln the Vilrlable ahtuilr &treH across thl
T
T w
'l.:....-t~
Fr0111 thh.we me~ salve dinctly far weld size far • glv~m tui'QUII and welD
lllcwabh. l
_I
I•M'Ifh ()I weld • 21t (r-t .1o'l><)
torQue arm rt.'IO'P'
unit stres'S at 6<) • 'T:IlL = i(r+·""'~~)
,... h_C&)

ln tnl' above, (A) and (B) 1 we nan 111.etde two assumptions, first we nave assumeD
that tna sneer stress 11 un1fotml~ dhtributed tnrout;~hout tne eatlre tnrollt
ana, sat.and we nave use~ the rddlua or th'l anart EUI the l'ddius or tnr llna or
the ..,.ld. Actually tne anear Eo tress ls sllqntly Qteehr at tne outer flLBI' of
tne tnruat. Tnh meana tnP atresa is t;~reater than the average 11111 h•\o'& used, or
B D
•
laokirlg at it tne otner ...av, tne lnn.r pnrtlon af t.nr throat has a lower airess
end thtrnfore tne torQue transferred by tne weld will be allgnUy lees tnim
calculated. By ueing th• ndlu9 of the &haft far tt\a ~a~ald, wa are c:onaervatlve,
ths 11'18 ar tt-e weld 111· at e sllgntly gneter radius.. Thase_ two Bfio&unptlons
tend to offset eacn othl!i'r. As the redlus or the snaft incredt:l!l wltn re~pect
to tne sln or the w&ld, the error ln using these two assumptions decreases.
Fer the usual sln of shaft end weld, tl"lls metnad is adequate.

tu= ill' W'l'z'' w:.l'' tc,•·

c.u:-
~ !
r-•Z" rsz" ra Z'" ra z.o''
~~~t~ld,
Far 11 &fllall shaft aand rat,_r.large 1t Dd.c,ht be will to uu • m-tnoa
anJ@ T·IZ7rTwra. '7~!183 18~S7J ?>73,/iJ.) ~3~:S;· :.:;
....,len Qlvea a IJIDre true picture or tne prabhm. In the next methud, ll!f' .... 111 -·-
u&e 4 tetter v111lue far the radi'ua af t••• we!ld. @ r~ (i. trTw(r+"'4)' 9'1,/(ICJ '10,:,.).) '1'/1.~!>0 1, '.3~.~.\)
-·#·- --·-- ---···
@w. C4ft u&e ti'IP tt•act radt.ue or tne weld,
® T• ,ll11'Ti<J(r'tl:jl 1-Jt{} 9'l,:J40 ~/0,6'10 •n:J:;tu 9. 387,3-tl

T• 7f~r+~· ~.,J
I
len'lth of weld • e 1T ( rt "'11.) 0 "fC.SSO
I
Lf!J ·~ "1..)1 'l,l}~,.M:)
torQue arm : (r ... "'/~) J99.fi'IO
11nit ~tell! on weld • .'to? w r
--- ..
Although method (E) h more involved, 1t gives tne 'bBst picture ar the loading_
'T•21T(d~)(r + "'f.,V_.7o'l "'T)
ar tnP weld 1 and th11 010st accurate valuaa.
-(t_ 'Shaft ttethod (D) requires as much worll:, but 1s not quite as accur&te because we hava
assumed a unlfal'ffl stnse dlstribl.lt:lan acrose tha throat ana.

or Mtlthod (C) t..~hlch tnats the weld as a line gave al1110st the &881e nsui Ls as
method (D).

•
but ln order tu obtain thP fillet weld elze (tD) • we mua.t be vtlll to sche Method (A) ar (B) (;~re really tha same method) treat the weld aa a line and
the fall011·1ng cubld •aw. tlan ..

I
~a• the &811111 radlua for the weld as the shttft. Tney QB1Je vsr~ good ra~ul u ror

[0arw~-t-t~:>r..,- ~""0 tha lart;~er diameter shaft and ameller W!Plds. The only problem la ln very smell
ahafte and rather hr~a welda, in this case it does nat give ~;~au tna full va.lue
af thll' taraue because the smaller radius of the ahert is used rather th&n the
Although thh cau!d be Dana, .u mtght be batter ta make .. t"ble or rnalsUr•g
larger radlu& ar the line of tM weld.. Pfotica far tt111 2° radius shaft and the·
taraue ln t•l".fll& or &hlllt racllua (r) 11nd leg al.ra ar f"ilht wPla (w).
P fillet w.ela, the result 1a a torque or l13 1 10D incn ~ounds 1 whenee tha villue
should be "ltl, 1)0 inch oaunds •

. 10.
 Circum £eren rial Weld It!... ""T;cs,'fJn A c
K• ~ K,.• .L.. C-r V')
Q ~

l~t
r.

•
' r. •
G:l II
To tor~ue
1" • weld sbe:rr allowable
~ t~qx
s Jl....
OSSIUII~ 'If' thtrJQt
_., r 1>- --lw 1'-

T [i(1+ 1<, tKJ-' tH: ] 6.{a

'IT
;;r:\
T.. r. = lrl(, +K,

r--
v
r."' =
[ K~(3t !',) + (H'...).. (z1 ~..)] ~

For minimum t::~PIDUDt of weld rneta.\ 1 do no-t bev•l.

L
i
V)
c
~
ell

t ~ Ill

0
0 ,01 .o~ .o'f .01 OS .o, .08
-~~~~· -"~~ ·'7'15'3 ·'-'1.'1'1'1 .'l.'l~ .'M6o&>~ .~1.11'- .'fo'IU
.01/~3~
.I .tlfsqq • S0)88 .ssDO'I .S'i'IS3 .r.'/S)~ ,r.1'U'l .'l'·llqq
.z :1~1'-S !mi' U1t.8 /,0,0 t.mr 1.186~ W11~ '1,'1'108 1-\'1~ II·~
J.I.J'I'-8 /.~'t'fS I.SS2.'1 u.os'l J.lo5'12 •m-ar
.'l'llli' .~1 ,e8'181

~82.1'1 l.&'llo'l ,;q~l\

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D
I '

Va/u""" of {_!(,)one! {K,) for minimum

wo.ld m...tal (~r.') and a 9/ven
w~lcl throat area ('Yr.~)
F· terrsi/e force~ T.. A
i.,• v.eld shau- 41/owa.b/
A· weld thrrxd area::---:olotLf:l-l--+r±Yr:H--t---±1~·8'1
0
·.;::
~
ell
e
~§ ~

~~
";
,82.~
Q: ~
--1----l-.81 _; '- 1\J
1.1)
~ 'q
y.eo
"
-J
-J
""'
VII ;r,

~
I'<)
.,,
l

I <:
0
<::
"'.
-.
-· "'·. ----.. "! ::r:
111 ~ "1 "!
?~
!\j
~

31....
- 11 •
 ~ U. tule\ velA et.ae tor tbe baae ot • alpel. tovw, aanme vtnd pressure ~~
A c
:_.1111~ ~ !:;.:'..:.,• V:2
~\#f'~J!.":' ..ue per hOUI' Iliad, • • - tt>l.o mm-
S'"stdl'!. ---;;[5• 1• . _ l

•
or
3.. 0'

0- I,..•'frl"1a1T(~~~
!.tal r ..
"r ISOO, • IlL
S...· ;;-· ~s-·J'f,.. In

ta.mt actt.n.g c tower due to wind presaare · ~.

,Z08~0)+ 1!ijld(z88)~~z"-)+(~'-XIC.O.SXz'l-.')+ ('\)(:lll.~o-~~.:_2oD.o:r:> "-~· ~00~ k;p
M•

S...4111& · - · Ln pipe
~ para/lei
r:
fp:'
(orce
F. 19.09
IT: 2.• IS =
~ 3 IG 1£;1;,
-f;aL- ~.
r
••• ~Ai@
tile. (zooino;p)(~~ln). 2.~ G. l<~t
a-•y :18./'lln.. • tc~ulta;.t a~ ~-:;;!t@

Jatlsue aUanlala for veld. 1\ISC: <ondttti>r> ® 1 c&de<jor'l @ ~r" }J, t fSt ~,': j(~34+z&.'l3f+ (~36.)' =- 337o 16;1;,
min · N• 2.•10~ c.'lcfn
)c.=- 1nii •0

B
r-da/()8°~
D
•

A..·~11'r•Z'II"(,'II!') •YD.Or. ,;,

r ... rrr"• rr (,¥:J' • 8'13. '1'1 ,.,

bendit!t f,;l'f:.l"'l:r..ft~· f.l/0 .,..

Vol•m• o~ we(cl il t.Ued O>lcolate.J ~IZP

• ?.(.3DJ)'('Io.o6")• t 83'? in'

IP211ze of tt"Het weld li?O -kl meta./

•
-12-
 A c
She of tlllet nld 011 Ufi1Dc u-• of forir -
Tba IIIIIXlOIIII copoolty lo ...-4 w a appllecl •• tho w\ar tRill of tho torlr,
th1a vbole 11Dl \ tends to pbo\ abcN'\ tbe lonr ooraer vbere 1'\ been liP apW\
\lui 1 - """" bor, Tho •-1\batl horloODWl r_. <rb) •• tho
tori< lo takeD b"T \be top - · - · Tho ., ... -
R_.
tRill of t1u1
le 11ildo4 to tile vonloal
- ot tiJa ll.f\batl al-t.

T/5°
Fj, Us·)· P(3d')
fn• 2 p • Z.(LI ~oj>)• 6,0 K\p

l
,.. In th1e case tbe bgriscmt.al toroe (rhl la applled e\ tbe Up ot tbe bar at 808111
ec:oen\rlott¥ (e) w the o8ftter ot pvit;y ot the veld carmeatton.
Tbla eubjaot.l: t.ha aODMOt.inl veld to IOJDit bend.t.na f'OI'Cel as vell as UDlfcmlJ
d1stribvte4 trarmvene forces and. ver"lcal tOJ'Cel.
•ert!. b• .:1= 01.'1 ,:, ::r;•L' GS. 3 30 ....
t-ret.J t weld as o ;,;,,

BI :·.~·
~b (7S0T•n•2'{13/.9••)
"'"' ~"<' 17.- • ~· · ·t~,3,5. ··o~
l l>b-1

(••b,.t •·• ••I•) jo-- _n•· -----..j

r tr;t.
weld
---- ---- --··---
bend.lq Ioree
S..•bc!+"• fs'•'l'+~·. 7.83 in ..

transverse Iaroe

vert.lcal Iaroe

• lmtp\Udlllal · - ln tho veld clepeDdll -

d!.aCI'aiDo
tla value or tho aboar (V) ln \he sbAar
Thora \a a ahoar ot V • 'ISO lr:ipo \a tho top aNI bot.toa horlsonwl portlons
ot the traM, tnl'\ notice tber'e 11 no abear in ,._ two vertlcal partl.ans. 'l'b.ls lllBBQ8 1
theoreticaU,, no weldlnc b needed in these portions. Bovever t.o be practlcel 1 w will
uae the mln.l111W1J weld sbe1 vblch in the c:ase ot tbe .1a· inch \hick tlance pla\e voul.cl
require llL!J!eb tUlot vel!b,~.·
B

~IHHHH I
L='"lein--oj
D

for t.he borll:~t.al port1caa...

(uatul O<Jrtuin")
r-

t.ransverae un1'\ bearlnJ' f'orce (aseWIIB

1/.BO "lone~
I
.
I
weld d

r p ISOO .:,.
'•'"L" ~· IZ.so "linch ®®
I,..•l'(2o.•b){if~~\=(2AHvti.f= J(6o.+1b+d)

f.)~: + fL '"_ jcu.ao)'"t~":_:!!:.___ ~2 ·~ 'i_'ji, ~or "X"r, ~<~e re~ere.nc:e aJli~ (z-z.)
F~ USC ta'\lpe valuea, 1bear and traAaveraa baartna use eoadU.lat (37) 1 ____ o!-_. d\..t
....11"1'7 (O), aveHp qcle ..ort S mlmlwo -
:K
12/br. " 8 ~~~ " 200 ~/year
20 7Bara • 384,000 cycles 01' a Ute ot l001 !JOO to S'001 000 ct)'ales zd 0
M
0
:I:
0
J:~
0
C4•~•:..(::!·!f!:!l •/.O?m
a•
1".,.,. .!.. ,z,.,,;•
,_,. • 7=0 IZ, 1<.~ 1
( bu:( not to e~c...e.! steod'f a lfowa~ It> , : ;:.1 •~i )
---'!..a_
Zl>
~--~2
Q.
a a'
za.b a a.• I>
a"'
0
r,• r•:r,-f·-'f<ui1b)- ~:'ft:i
(z.a+b".!4) Z•C4+b) ~(ZCl+3b)
t.v• /7./'f "lti•
~'ld!Xih,~l ...lciS) -
- f,()fv or use ~
~
each ~·de of ~:e b T

·----------·--- ------·----·. ·---- -

Qrog!e voldo AISC f"lau• valul, condlt.1al (16) 1 ea'"&Wl' (0)
1'",... • ~· ~~~~ •Ill'·~• (ht not to e;u<>d '>ie<>aq alt..,.>l• of pL>.t< of 1'16"/<':.i)

'1'tiutw (ver;tt.oall
'ertia•l •bar

• r·· __ l - - - - - - - - l -t
-13-
 c

"·"""
- - . 1, "'loal.p ot ~to" pop lo.7•)
k - - ... - - - - IIIZllllll beldiJic _ , ·~ - -
M• K,fr •(+.l"){l~t.B){t.fr.) • 10.77 ,;,11
•
~t.ol -.u. force ID oh8l1 ot -
T= K, t • (.sDDX,12.t.'l)• '-'34 k

0t - · ""' braolat u .WI'F thlok IS 1/2•)

ODd tbio vi.U opnod tho farce oot •• lt l.o looo
-\ntod, I doD't lloUon tho bolldi.Da otreoo
In t.ba aheU vlU be 111 bi.ch ae ta4lcaWd abave.
Also tbo tblak ~... - vi.U otUten and atreu~t.m
'I M•AY I.·MY :r,
.. 2•4"
A
/2.() -~
.-3-~- _!J_Dj ___
~' -
the oholl 1a tbl.o nstaa.

It thNB beDdlDa otreooeo 11'11 hlch, tbea a

b ~· s.s 0 () 0 oUttCIIDs ri.Da lfllf7 llo oddod, u.p ODd ~ttom,
2•'1" 8.0 -Ia -IVY +26'12 - d tbo obaU oad ~...-.
"d S'l'l s.s -lD -110 +:1200
/4.7
-
tot.. I '3t:o - -2'f() '1"1'17
Cbe fobrion!Da probl.oa vW llo ptti.Da a . -
tit.-ap ID tbo 3D1Dt - tho tbiok bracket oad
tbo ........t . - . . . of tbo olloU. . Tile odp of the
- lfllf7 - t.o llo ... biDod t.o prorlde • load
fit.

B
b· z
.:1• ID
m• 1'-
n' 'i
P· ZOOt<
.!We !!!a - -F, 9• 'fS"
r.7, ~ .~
..,. ,,111 x•.o) •. 06 ~

vohunc• IS,S'Ji7" V.olume:= 8/7 ;,,

1011' cbeak ta aee 1t the tube U cwerat.reaaed: trosa the foJ'Q8:8 or t.ha supports.

p•oper h of weld· treat,J liS a h;,e

shell s., . fkl~l.
s ('lll•O\+ln~(
T n.H ;,..

~'l. in
nP
F. ~'~·.
I \_
F,.n
s;-· --r.- .('IJ?t»~)MSYS"
CDS6
Sit' "
"·"' t.;
F.,m m P-sin 8 l~XztJoll)'>,;,ys•
f: ;.: ~ --;;;--. ~· sui •
"'/,Z8 "1,;,

realotw-
Pl• z.(~ e ~.{t +f)+t{f.)"f] • ~ (dte){d-1 :ae)_
as a '?"'de,.,,. e=/¥
l!! l!!!! J!l!l'!!
m4~im.IJI Mni~ ,.J,..I ~
t.fl. I)?.S")

•
t. • IZ "8 «1,· M sht!ll F,.,. bt~~cKer
'l> (21a &.16){zotz•or.~) • '"

·14-
 A c
,, -str-a.r'tthi u.p
(,.Au F,n ~f.aoo~<('f) • f).OO ~<;,;,
b-en clrit'f

•
t, ,., '5,. .,., ";

J?!l""lle I l¥4 ( ~ .!f. • 1-DO~

t'l A., ?.'1

(, . If•• + f; . I 6.00' t f,,. 0

1'/,/C. "II.~

bend•nq
F.·
n P N~l2 . li("J.t>O K} L"O~ I'J()' , - c;, ",,~ "J,,.:

f: =s;-
m
<;...
,~,;,s
. H~"
V..( ,.oo ~<}1Jilno•
5'3.~~
. ~ /Q,OS'S Kf,,' she<~r applied
to web pletfe.
11>0 I( I"IJS JJO' - £1)-7 ~<;,,; Re,.ttu;'l doaqona.l
F•• p <'Mb • compre~s•oil f::•1Jc,

-
l!!!ra!/,/l,a& ;1.4
"'"'
r -;,;,e • ~DO t< ,,;, 130'
~4
+ .:.. 3b' 4 ~,,,;
-tv h< kle '"eb P 1.l~f

t_rt~mver1e i4ad F4 = A..,

t...., "'.ie af fjllet wt'kl !71) luL"!d 1!11!''0:il htmrf~ I.Mtl} hold she.ar stres~ to T=.'tooy
~ :~.c:..t.;~.s-"lm • t,'/93/, "r !~"A IA.nit ~orce on w•lds (welds on lltJth 51de:. of web plate)
w f""1fl11<St)
(r.. • f~ .-fh--
u,a, •~
Z. A..
i~ r.M port1a/ ~,;,t penetMf--on 9r""""" weld
t~ 1 '· 6 :~~-. ..,.,,; • !,Zr.,?,;.
'-I K~l
or Iff, 1i?d, tlmJa't

I D

TRANSFER OF MDqfNT AROUND CoRNER

USING DIAGoNAL 5T!ffNf/(

~===>r==========~~~·~
• d.

that f-e9 tmn5 ferrecl. b'f weld-s ore

f. • -!!!.L F. /WI d..
.. db/ t!:td:
D

b d.J d.: tO:

I
- 15.
 A c
1RANSFER OF MOMENT f1tlm OA!c ,MEMBE-li W ,4.":;ru~ I<

di
e

D
~ I
l Omer W 8/Dd!'J.,.ft April /tJ,I!i'/'1
•
F,
II I 1

P• d.d,-zd,d•• ~(d.-:l.d,'
.a a, zd, . 'J

(P -t d3) d 1 ( •Zd d t cl,) d,

...i·~. d;+d~

®
. . T4!tke tn<>ments a6C>ut

- z f-. d, + z v ...l =o
pD/nt

L_ _______ f~;:===~ '•

·----- -----l~C==-:::!!::::======f.....S-.

B
~"''"'' ~illat o.ueld on bDth ~td.as e>f "'"!> plc..te

weld@ r • .J.L, li.dv. ~

ra 1d1 • '-d~d, z.c1, d,

weld @)

l'BANS FER Qf MOMENT FROM oN£ MF~BfR To ANtJTH€1?

wel4s®ancl® f4 • fb• zero

we.td® (_rb: lli-~

z d,- 4•ct,

v MJ,.
f.,"zM•~ " d,d..d,
shear 5tres'3 ,;, wei> p/4te.

•
-16-
 A c
:1ft tbla .,..,.la

L= 4o''

• /
weld

L.

1
"ide taffa.<.hment
,_.-- au11.me at:

T
~f)()·f"
f. ('JOo'F)(lO•m')(ltBY,"I().:j.
,• .!o/1
J
X')
F,• I 1~1~ ••'p ('io)' + \(4)'

f c £c.. • 11:1.4,1; J<tP•

• t
n~u.rrt>d
1"/e
1brD<tt
In
r

t,.•
~ I
1 'f,l70. lbs

;o. '17 K 1/n

f1J,'17Itffio
~,.
'f.' 5"'

.'t"'i
lq ps

1n
or I q,l1 l<tps

or~
~

Tbla aJIOOI1t ot nldla& OD tile enda abODld ho adiiQuate to tranofOJ' tho for. . doe to tbo
....,..., boltlag ot tbo platt... and attaehl.nc plata, addl tlooal valcla 111117 bo nee e....,.
"""" ... !. trw other 1oadl!l.
~.- ___~Pf It ea:n ba abam. 1t the burl..nc npport la eeSWDid to be
ID1ltDrmJT dletrlbutad OVOJ' - tblrd \he leDatll, tbat.-

IDo:roaoe 1n le,.tb of platten over laqtb (L) duo to a ~oroture dltferiiiC8 of 300"r
f. j L'-+ Z, 'S w•
e, • L T ,.n;-• Fr •

or 1n tbla IIZIIIIPla Fr• I"/, '7 !<.,p..

We am.st place a loqitu.dtnal u:lal eccentric force em this att.achmeat to equl
t.ble maveant
-~: .. • . s-o ,,;ch
QX •'a/ stress

I~ ... be ohom lt tbo boOJ'lna aupport la IHUIIad to be

IDilf.....tT distributed ...r tho ontlM lanatb, tbot.-

F,.• ~ j L'-+ s:?4 w•

01' 1n tblo UOI!Iple Fr• ao,4.l<tp's
t,.•, .. 18mch
It la • - 1n tbla •""''IPla, tbat tbo ezact botrlnl d1at~lbut1oo boo
mornent ll~tla lnt1uoltce on tbo ruultlna force IDd 11814 alae,
dio<jrnrn

B A alp 1a attoobad to tho tana1oo £lenp ot a plata alrdor hotoro OJ'eotion. »otarllllao 0
RIOf oet tb~ IIQDOl to ..,;. ~0 Ia l.enc\b of tbe platten ...... tbe l.eiiPI> (L) tbo force on tbe OODDeotln& volda at tho OPCI ot tbe olgn, boldtna lt to tba girder
- tbe 111nt... 1a etreooad to zo kill,
e, • e., (.4) u.ni form loo..c!
F-L.
Et
(j_W t3W)•
t'"
J. T &.•ttr~

Notlao tbot tblo 10118ltwllael force (J'J) ...... tbe attachlnl plate to bond . . .ord Cesl,

F•

~
:T
....(8'I 1..
~------x----------~

', l
17)oment
<ll"gra!\1 -; f'e,
r~

liow W8 f'lnd tbe t1'8D8Yerao !'<roo (Fr) Daoded to poll tho attachln& plate baclc to I
straight poeitlao, aaBWD1n1 a oanoantrated bearlns: fane.

l 1
e • (z F.,.)l • .5..L. mp11ement' of Slfft
,. ~eEr z.,e-r F
u"A""
/19'9 te..t equq.l

AI!' ~. ~~./"'
r b = ......>EL' ,.
... Yb')
"'"• ~F.W'
r.,. z. L. or ... ..
,-F_•_f_L_1_{_l=~~-=4-b'-)'9'-~

HGV resolve tbeae forces toaetber

I_ fr • jF..• + F/

- 17-
 A c
It ia nOOOOIIII'J to rid - ._unc bl'ackeloo to the ...111
4
!r'"":. ~::!!!"LIIl.~m!~::..1'=: ~-~~ :.~:..
"l'here very little
11 en the bnciiAt, t.ba elesttc
l.Dad bUt
IIICJI'emaDt of tbe fl'ame vtll caue &OJDB ra"'e to enter ttae

•
____.,..p
braakat tbi'Cqh tha cCIII'Iecttna vel.de. StAoe the comaect1ng
welda I"WW across the tall vt.d.th of the braoket, we vtll
cCID81del" cmlJ a 1 inc:h thick aecttcn. We vtll neglect 8lf7
reet.raiDiDI aat1Cil ot the bracket u.paa the main h'ame.
c.anatclar tbe eannectlng Velda to be eDt eo tbs fraM ta fTee
to 1111:n1e, lt 1 e llaal.de face wtU elAstlaallJ' al.oDgat.e •

€·f
Bow ·~ the IGZ'Ce ot the cOJmeottng veld to the brncket, tr= ..&...,. 'P eo.e i -- ...£:._- E..Ji.!!.i_
Ptrat oona:tdar the effect or the Yertlclll torce-
Vert.tcal llov••nt
t . f:" t - ~
--au. lii"iiii'""axlRl lDad· 11ormal sifrj$ {tensile) 'iJiur stre n
o-•}•-\:: E•f•ft 6.·~d·;~ It ve CGDI1del' the IIII%1Dum cCIIIblned et.Haau, t.blll becaa.e-

}<fl'vr&,. ~ + j(~)\(Vflf
duo to bonc11D1
{:.{+
-~~·lJa E·f·* 6··'d·W
total Aa •.O..""Ab• ~fbd
o;..,., J.[ cos 9 +j co,..9 + '{sin"B]
~~

JCDs~ + ~
Tbe d1sUnee of point (a) or the med;Jer to the
taqont of point (b) of the ...-r equals tba
lllOJII8D't. or the a rea 'Wider t.he mC'Illl8llt diagrara (!) or i =-p- [ C..s 8 +
2 o-..,, Sin" al~ = Q_f.
o;;...
tokan about polllt (a) dlvlded 1>7 EI.
see 2,9•7 Deatp of \faldiiBDU

PCos9)\ (Psip(/ = .1_

( 2T"" t- l Zt-
j cos•e +'I si/1"6
-

ai.P
• 'f..,.

8
Jib•'!:! iqs.:.'e co>& +&'eH SJn'e
e 2 •
3o' zo• 10' 6'
~~--·~+'--~.----
"('>
~c:;~~~\1-
Rw ve vUl PQ.t all or tnt.s together- cl.
-0
~
000
0 • ,6,-L:Ir or

----~~~ l
h-a.-.• bra.<.lle't t
or
8ot-
0 .!10

...... 0 -- "'ff --------' -- - I

A, =
ha.me.
,o.- t:lt.~
br-A. .. krt
~
' I - - t( f. ) -----1
..... ! ;~)afi!::J~
ohsar st.reas (
.J"'l~S;-t =t, tcz~t;..:"J..t!::r=,•=:,(!:""~"';)the
ls thln tba all<orabla,
T) vi

1f,~ ta-b The tact.ore 11s\e4 in t.he above table can be

proper tbroat atze.
usecl In these two !Ori!Dllas to arrive at ttw

'l'be thr<>st at e • 0 11011ld bo equal to the plate tltlclolus (t),

~~n·~l For a 1/2 lnch thlck Aldil plate Co;.. • 50 kal) st..,.. to the allowable of IT• 30 klll,
the aolt force aotbl1 alon1 the edie of t.he plata (and t.he weld) would be l$ lrip:~ par
linear lnoh. The all011ablA &hear on. the throat ot 110 veld 111eta.l 1a 21 kat, plate ts 20 kal.
The HqUi.red 'throat at8. 90° would be• o·
Example tT= 3.1; I<.Si : t (f) • ~2 ;~ ( ~00 ~~~) " • 7 5 in '
b• IB ,;,
d. ~0 ;,
fbla eBIIUIIISS a anltona dlatributtcm of atreas almg t.be tbroat and nepecta alqf aecandart
i,• ta-b • -t{U 1Ui){l11~) r '" MJfr, bendl.Dg stras reault!Ds trom an:t eccenV1c1ty. The ~entr1c1ty would probabll' increase
tba ......,.1 stress (tanolla) bnt ID the repon where tllis !!!lpt - (aboot& • 00), tbe
~' ~. (. (1~Si¥teip\'. '32,'1 ~,,;. throat cwmot ~ increaaed DmCh above the tb:l.Gkneaa ot tbe plat.e.
• -,cr- 7 '0 /~) For e jo!Dt In Vl>lcb tba plat.. lntereect •• en ""f!le of 67 l/2°, use tbe- date tor
e. 700 .. """ tba rcmmuas vltll e.
67 1/2°, title........ e-?o' ..... qssl [f.;.
~f'
rIr".J~. t r. •
jJ'-'+32.'1' ~ 'fB.'-1 "'It;. t= /;Jr-..'9-+~ sin•EJ • zfhl~'"h"+~slrf~'lt.· ~ .708 U.ch ~·'¥ ~·.?16.mu.

ihrot:c ~

•
. 18.
 A c
.J,.• L .. I,· ~''l"oO+ U,?/l't = 3~8, ~'10 m3
A.,• 'fq?."J ,;, (/e"''th o~ weld.)
Fo~ ~ /000 Ton'$ • 2,000 (op's

•
moment arm .. ~'ltn+IOin-1·q'fill" 30.tJ6 in

0
UPW V!ld at (Y tr'1;
TVlatla& b<ml>oatal)

•
(vertical)

Vertioal oheer ~.• f., • 2.~~~., "i.JS >J;p

Reoultoat ~· j ~: + ( ~- f,'j • J(to.O"')•t ('f.IS-.?0)' : IM>t. l<lif1

fhio roaultoat unu roroe or 10,66 klpo per llaeor taoh ie based upon a atand>rd ot
l bleb tbroat. !o trans1'0nl ~l.s unlt. force intO • aU, 8"t.ft8St 8~ divide tlr tbe
thl'oat. abe. ill t.hls cue 1 l.nch. llaace t.bla VOD.ld CGJTeapond. t.o a unit atreaa of 10.66 lml.

'1'ba all01111ble att. atre&8 tor the tbraa\ of • veld UDdar st.ea~tr loadl.ng 1s 2lksl.
(E'IO veld neta1),
T~e prea101t AISC ratlpe all..,obleo, oandUioa (16) or ()?), cate8017' (O), viti>
K • iata/lm: • HrO, 1IOUld allow the tolloulaB•

lS kal tor 100,000 o;roleo

U kat tor SOO,ooo eyolea
? kat tor 2,000,000 070lao
a kel tar orer 2.ooo.ooo c;rala
...,... ot ""' - ~ lA o..,.i-"'1 Ule eve.. .., the \bl'aot ot o vold, oopeeioll;r
rem ool.Uplo loo<IIAa, uri..,. ei- ot ...1do ....s p-VF or .-uoa, we will V..t
t11o volA •• • l.llll ....s .....l.dor t11o uait r- on tbio liAI, ~ veld at point ® The :rawl:t.ant. un.l\ terce oa. the weld 1a lwer htJI'8 and
vOdld. aot. cca.Vol the desiBD•
Ia tllio euoq\11, Uae ald nrt.oa IJl tno ond aloe, eo t11o llao vlll alao ttrt lA
NlaU..., oioa, !Ma 11 .s- b7 .-l-"'1 tllo otomlud veld to have a tllroet ot
1 laoh, md uta& tile ratio ot ao-1 tllroat to t.11o 1 tach at.andord •• tile rolatlYe
alee ot tile liAI, f,· '1. 15' ~,,.,
lt t.llo .U•obla alloor ... - t.llroat ot ... 11'10 vold 11 ,)0 or m, or.,.. -21 kal, tllla
beaoMI ... allwable 'IIDlt to:rae ot t • 21 ktpa per linear inch tor the standaJ'd lt.Da
ot vol4 (1 laob tllroatl •

• __t;. H~'-1 k"· t-tt:+l~

B

lolounn !wit
!!._j\2_~
z
c.blf&•Z1DO."'...;,

i f,•'fll.11-lp
D

~ ~
•elaft ;., • l 01>1 relottv•. I ~
~ ~"'pcrt.ft 2t I!!!!!!
'Sl2f!' • ~tz.. ·• ~~tt!"' • "Z.IZ I i. • Z(zb) • .<(z•s.:>"l• zao.i•
T.,.• 2. if'. '<D" j s:.r."f lj'll, loS, .r.3
A II • II

8 ,8
r,·z f· Wf!1- 'f4r.r.7. ,;,>
828.
~~· J.• r.•IY·'~l.; <il.~t.VI'f'1,87Q.•n"
-~~
14.,•2l'lo.ma;•

toto1 1.97.9 17,b79

CG -u• 1• n,";h'l•,q • 'B. I"

I,,lv• I,t ~- '1 =I:,-tr,·C6•M.' 9'f1,"30.·{3S.1'.(/~¥7'f) r 32?,"'0 iP"

I A 11•11 I,•ltl

C6toaW= ~: '4~• '3."/'1''

i..,,. ly+I,- '1/• I,•:r,- CEo•M• /'f,l:l'/-~.f/'1){19''1) • 1/,J'I'I.in'
noitt. lilr.d ..,.,(d on z !<.." t '" I'.' t:.

- 19-
 A c
HIN89"er tbere U a horizontal taroa ot ZOO klps aet.tng en t.h.ll!l joint. 'fhe resulting
unlt. baarbla preaeue is -

•
F zoo.r<ops au"·
cr= A"· ,:r·. 1''At·· 1• ~ ,s,
ApplTinl \bia w the pr,..101UI -dlq etreoo, t.hla vlll have the effect ot sbUtlng
the reference oxla \a tbe rlst>\ b7 tile ......,\ ot 1.. 8L kol,

In ctleclil:ln9 tP'Ie weld a he af tne above Llnlr. Suooart B.rack.et, members (A), (8), iNS.
(0) fal'lll a curved besm at the (.Qrners. Thla means that the neutral Bk1& will t~nift
tl\lil8rd, tharPDV lncreaatng the bending '8treas an ttle l'lner race, and ascnulng
tna handing str .. a an tna outer fac:a. As the radius gr cur\lut.~o.~n or thla tnware~
earner ls increased, this candiUan becamaa lees se~o~rn ana tne bending &tress ls
reduced. In thll fallowlng IIIDrk, we ha\le aaslollned ta start witn, t."at tne partial
penetnhan 9roowa weld on tne lnslde corner is 2 112• dri'ap cna rsJnrorced with It
'Ulet ~o~eld which wlll pravlda a radtus of curvature of 1/211 •
1~2~
!InA systf!?ln
Air a l!llde tor the allowable tatlpe atrua, ve vl.ll ue the US: vat.uea.
~
Uoln1 taUaue aondiUOII (16), partul pC~e\reU'"' . . - . veldo In
teaalao tranavene, oateaory (O), the tau ... t......W. .wid be
e.oi!SI
,-.::;r- q_.
Tha parttcu.lar load. eycle vlU produce a etreaa raop or I • o., huce Di.u~&.oKsl
Dfottee t.h.e lftd.Lcate4 \aDdle ~ e\reaa OD tbe l.aDer •urtaoe 111 7.31l kill.
VbaD the azlal campresaln toroe la add.ed1 tbls tan&lle bllld.tnc atrua 1a l'ttduced. to
S.SO ksl, wblcb La vltblll t.be 1'at.lpe all.ollable of B.o ksl tor a part.ial penet.ratlGD
P"OOI'B veld.
Suppc~~e the reeultat atreu wa ewer the fatlpa allovable• tar SUIIPle to. 0 ksi..,
In t.bu partlcular problelo, ,.klntl t.ha veld 1a....,..
(Jur lllc1'88oin1 U' • throat) vould
not hel,p because t.bla would ollllp]l' oxt.oad the root ot the ..u fUrther ln\o t.be
compresalcn area. fbe tensile area vhicb caratrols *be at.reaa 111 tbe teeld. la determl.ned.
by the cll.atan.ea from the sbl ft.ed neo.tral uta to the surface, and Wa vlll oot ehanp
•IJqplJ' by ~~aldlla the veld deeper. IA tbt.. eaae, lt vDUld be necuaary to increase t.he
t.hlckneu ot the bracket so that t.be dlattmoe of tbe sbltt.ed aeutral uls to tbe
aurtace VOiald beei:IDB c:nat.a:r.
Jlot.lce tbet th.e inward. veld. axt.en.da ap tbrQucb tbe ahltt.ed: neutral axU, tbte •ana
the\ u doea not tenainste In 'he ' - l l e rep.on, All of t.ha ooterlal above \hla
sbtftacl IWlt.l'al u.ls la aaswaed. to be ln cGJIJpl'fiUI.ciD..

t:~.tt«n•ri to
mtvdiP dte plrzte

S.A "'A,'( ~'t ').~·) ,.. :2,1/'f• 171dui.s of f~

fit• ~= tt.'N(I. 1• l§'.)t"Jf"O·~ ~ 11eutr4/ uit~
~endio.9 ~~~ inQer f~~-~f.--weld-· bearln& (tronsvene) vort.laal obear (parallel)

ab,M(r;-r(> .. /l.1"'"·1'1&"{:~.il'f.t&.") _ ~.--t;.~:. '1.1/"fit< f.·f;-~.... 35'"11;.

A(r1 - r. )r, !(, W(!u~·} (u39•-.l.ll'l'?l~·) • 7, 3 '-/ k:si

J";; i,..eld in com~<>IJ Allowbla tetl.pe otreoo on t.hroo\ ot ""ld, ...., AlSC tonoolaa, oODclhi.Gn :rT,
'/'------------
.(~we\4 in 'fens/1;,
~ (O), ovOl' z,ooo,ooo 070les, taUpo t......W. lo

1: .. ~ bare I • rdn/max • 0 beDae "tma.w !;" 8.0 t("S. ,·

IM.,. 1-1<. but. aot to axoeed. etoa value of 2_2.0 kat
,'~'-+~-----------------
, ['- ns14trat ll.~tti: rhifn
•7.3'fl<1i -!.red veld tbroo\ I.e ccm<ll~iml 16 requll'ed leg alae ls
condlttca 37
Jinuucl a:t t:ltrVI!' • 'f, &"'~I@ • i6o5" or '1b. ii!C b
benuin3 ·~,;, '-'"' t• '1.8'l"M •.C.IIi• e>r ~1nCb
w(.?o?)(B.o ..t) ' 'r:>

•
8.0 &'Sol
Slnoe 'he t.ho laoldo veld oxMndo ll8ylll<l tile neutral az18 Crnl• tho ~
Of tiWI weld I.e In the 0 - 0 J . m 1'8fl.Cilo bonco \bare U DO DO\ob
(""ot or veld) In the \elsiCil ret1Cil aad o01114 poull>J;r aee the taUpo
all-ble tar a •"'''le"' ponet.nUao .......,. weld.

• 20-
 A c

• p
~ ;...e 't

~p
•..:...:.:1
0
refr&.c'f~d
P"~it,(m

!hie tOJ"k Wt t.NCk baa a ec1aaors deYlce which aU.OW. tbe tork and ita loed. to
- . . out -ioon~, flSW'fl l.,
fho too dlapnal ...,.ben (a) and (b), CtSW'fl 2, ore pimled togotbar at polnt (5),
One - [a) la pimled at lta 1 - r end to the 1lf1obla portion or the t.nck, polnt (2),
lta upper 0114 elldaa vortl.QalJ¥. along the uppor 0114 of the fol'l< support, polnt (h),
fha - ........ (b) U pimled at lta lower ODd to tho lower 0114 or tho foJ'k oupport,
point (1), lta upper end olldaa vartlcdq along t.ho upper and of the 1lttlng portl.on
or t h o - · point (3),
It 11 neceasaJ7 to deteralna the a1101111t of veldlDI reqm.red. ai'Oillld the pin et \be center
or tho - - · polnt CSl •

• 8
S fXI"'II•I !,rces on member ( hj ~

- p ( ~) eo~s + r, eMf)-

0 cr F,"'Fy JM
F. Stiff) t
zero
PsinB- Pf coss ~ o

+ P(kf/-}-PfV/, + Pj-
left skle of Ftqu.re 6.
0

:£ tn:ume~e for~es"" membet {b) •zero

+ P[~).,m8-f;etn6-l'j,51n8t}>fs,;,t9.,. 'PcosQ~o
@)or f;,= P(~)-Fv ~ r P£ + P~
noUJ ie t eA~ua 1
In the abGvo fliiOI'• ), notice that the vortloa1 load (P) ot (1) o•=ot tnnoter wt ot
(l) or (k) booaooo of t.ha ellde wblob oalT tnnofon a borloonto1 fol'Oe, Ja order to
i:;!:::.,";:.:! ~8P!:"J..~!'!o (~~~ !! ::!\f!:"' pen tbl'oagla tho pin at (S),
A1oo the horiaonto1 forooo o n - (a) ot (2) and (k) oro oquol 01111 oppoalta to tba
horhontal forooo on - e r (b) ot (1) 01111 (3), :fb.aa - t tronarv tllroltcb tbo pln
at (S).
We can aee tbat the 98Z'"oal torea on t.be piA i.e P and. the horlzoAta1 Ioree le
F,• Pi i P('¥)· P(~)
In the Slime munner
f.tom(j) F. oti>61o- p(~)$08 ~If, I!!OSS + psine- Pi c..oseo
F. = _
,.
d••e) ~ ~ F. ~ f
'1. -a- 'Sih7f h 'ShoS
p -p tiT
e <'<>:>$
S'iR9

Pom!
2bh • - n1ue of 1!. eon be obtained 117 uelng the '"'""'"'"' or porollel torooo or the
aumatlcm Of tile t.ruavei'IN!I tONu on e1tber MJibNt to be SBI'O.

or F;,: p{ b~'e)

• 21 .
 c
A
_,.,

90&31!..
tt1Jt1AI /pttld (paml/el)
•
wct.l -treated as" lthe.
®1-r : ••
......·~
1' s•
opin:·o~•
.:: :'
' __ ,.1I
...
' 1
A~ l.O in"

I" '1.1!i in" (net uette>n)

~ /Z, 308 P''

, ¥ ..6... o,an.lh ~
to A,.. IZ,S1PI
~l<tt:i.l - 3,0Z8 p1.1
eompf1(!'5S(D i7
res~tl1emt
&f><ti.l
ferrs~n

max tensttJ'n
{net S«t"ttPI'/)

B
-(b)

z·!b1~...... <.SilJI.
D
•
t'tmst der f~t 1iu.e lt:Htt:l,;q
A'S~IItne
- £70 weld metQ.{
a httd euery S tninl(tes, ~hn p4r dtt'(
5" dtt9 wee/( 1 fiO wee/<~ per 'fear for lo year'
""'
{t'-'{B'/S"Xsofzo)~ '18-0,ooo. e~alt-~
C't:d~")Df'f @
5tres5 "'
tZ
I='F: :-
~I
SOO, 000 C'fc/es

I :z. /<5.1
/{:-;;~aD '
bcndoi!ct lottd (tRinsverse)

A• t,.o m...
;
'
elJ<tQI lead (par411el)
,.B,Il.

I· zr.. to+
•

ft1r /O,&JZBib {lfOrh) :- /t:J'f,Zf!JO p. !6

if
_Me .,(?o9.zec>){3) '='
.rTb·I 2'-

Q¥141
CtH'II]JferNbr'

4~ I IiJ
tenst~n

•
max tenst,n =
(net seetroPn)

OWB-234

• 22.
 A c
mtJment- em sec"t!~'r,{c--Ja~ member
'1"18, roo."* \

•
.Me-e. .. F, ( 11?a.).. 39,""-'-•(;;k':)·

ol<
ehec.k this -
Me-c.: Fa(Bfz)• S'1 76S"(Bi)• '(~8, oOO'* _ /

From ihe:,e ~or-ces, de'5Jqi1 -the rnember

0

. 0
..
2lte·· !
1
: 11 '/Aotlr ... ewp1•4J. dttWct;
f.rotn
1311 !,' , to bear-. A p.rt10n Df tiJtt
<:n$1.
I(F;-Fio) ,·fl. tntns~er-red 1nio
/
J :
s~o.pptirt/119 butl-do~er blade qs(FJ.),
• t'lii reiiiG'tnin~ ~rt1im (Fa) "
<'' J 'tr4n'$ ~errfd 1rito the member-
·"~ '•, 1 . • rn'wttnq tn G. bendtriq moment:
.,"'·,''~',\.,@I ,l·
.. , ,/:,,.. ')·\ '\: ""j·'
{ FF~()()().,.. ,/:_.:: . .....•.•• .r··v
'"" En<t;·,.n~l fore"" in e•rcle(\.~re appluod to member
uitetnAl f.,rc•";, SIIIIA,..[J 11re I"Q'ioi\tecl b., member

• <!00$1.der force'$ F., 8. F".,- t~..i su.ppor-"t

:E~"'o t- £o,a(x/{33")- Fr(7.o)

Fr'" ,o,ooo~~) .. 99,oc;o'*'-

e.. .. ntcr WISe ra'taftin C+)

=o
~-.. ... u. •. ,.,, f+)
8

-T·
bencla~<t 'Sec.·f:-t~n ~-c.)
Ct•3.9"~
I
l!( 4'~---.ll
.®
D

a. Mb.,. o ~,o,ooo( t3") - F; ~o) ~ o -t~~~~~~

F; .. ,po .ooo'&~) .. "3'1, CJod"' If"

noVJ '-"9-n"ider F', appl1ed io member

}orce'!.r,F. ll
+~~~hi
"-"-:.-:,CA.tttC" member ux.ed) I~
2'111c. ... o +~o.ooo('-t~·)- F.{B~) .....-til
F,.,. ~o,ooo1¥f-J:::. ;s-~ '16 o.'*'
-- ·- --- --.
~.hl"·o -tt.o,ooo•(n")- ;:;{8~) ""C:>

F1 u tlio~om).. 9~ '1~ o."'

~ H~;, .. o F, + F-a. t Fr = o
F.. --- f;-- F, ~ -(- 'l'!,t:JeJO) -(+ t~I,U,!r} • - ~.z.,'l·~

beca.u.~e of the Qepl ted force'!, the mem 6er 1i

'SIA.I> jec. ted io bend ttlCf
~ F,~ 39,000.

. 23.
 A c
max comp~s,'ve ~~~ ~~ 4Ft{c-c) wei d1~9 of -b:.p kr- t-o web cf member- a'f@
c:r=.!!!... ... .lf'{&~mi.St ~orc.e

•
11,2oo P"'' F, = 3 -,, Ot:JO fb
. S.. zt:..l?in"
i.-1.1 /en9 t-!1 o ~ weJcl. 9 " '3~"" IY ~
r: 3ftOOO = ~ 7 'If 0 1~;,;.,
r 19

~hec/{ hort zon'6:d shear 'Stress ,;,

('heck t:dltJwahle eompresst~e benrJuir; stress we·b of. member-
A l '5 C '3t> c. I. s. /,'IS"' i~ A~l. 'Steel 14." fi = s-:., 7~ 'I lb
tr =[;.o - &:t J. 2 Cc Cb
&..o t7y ~ 5'1, ?{,L/
'f"= ~ • ,_._ ~··If•... i3, !'TO p-:.i <. . Yt' "f.,,.. ~~;
ol<.
Ce" j ~aE'
2. • /2{..,/

L:. zoH

y.

8 D
•
we I d l~"' o~ /~"•' er- brad:eis ft:, 2uuer- bar -

torc.e Fa. • sz, ?~S 16s

{Dtz:J lenptll ~f. ft'//d IDeJ:I 8 .. 2~· • :zo,:,
~· iS :l,?j.;" 2. &. '-ID lb/t~
le~~ ~e to.. 1M~: "' ,~ ~10" or uu ~
[be=... ~ th"'" """)
.

weld 11;19 o~ &:!wer- b1'1:1Ckts t~:~ web of- member-

fcrc.e F,._= S2,'l's- lbs
~I lem,tlr of f/1/e:i weld 8"~e :1." =/~,,;
ratl&ae au-blo '"' Qld - AIBC - -ti.CD (37), cate11017 (0), k • lllln/""" • aero
('. ~.... ) 300 lb;,:, - 2 r'
at -111 .,. ueh pau or L qc1ea per trip • 1 trl.p .._ S mlmltea or
z 200 z 10 • 7681000 qcla lD 10 :rears. haDae ue a,ooo,ooo qalea.
11 • 12 :a:

r '' 't..... • ~
~~
" k\l .. 'It<~ i
'I1-.o 'b•:t
~
n.t t • .o.ce•"' Z-t ....)

let srz.e. w• /fi~g =- • '-~~" or tA.ae.@

•
-24-
 A pulley ta very .:aplp and cflff1cul t kt CDIIJil&t:ely llft&lyze. I ltave found very
A c
llUla lnFol'llatian an the deaign ar pulleya.
In pal't @ I ttave chackH U.a fDKn tram tne beU: an \tie pulley and Htatnea a
!: ~:;:1 :~:'.~~~ :ra!:',:~~:r!,a;~~:a::: !~~.'!:r~::~~· .m1 dtecf"
::C.~~s;:.:::c..: ~= ::-:.~ toba~:. '::~. (f r) D w.ll u the raeultant af She
F.,"2.2,'1''i ~~ .-:::"

• ,, ,.q,-?··
~,~
In part @ I have conaldand en. pulley kt be • alalple bHJI, euppor:ted !ly UQI twa:
beerlnge ihG obtalftad tu rnulttng bending IIDMftt an en. aullay,
In pert @ I neve gone rurtl'lar lind conailllera th8 bllftdlng ar • pulley llll"'ich ~tea
a lll"'aft irw1H.
• 'U '4'15" fb '·' "''•~"'~ "'
In part (!) I n.va trnaed the pullq Mall n a r.lftv. uaing a t• wlda atl'lP.
Tile uU eppUee• F,.•IF.'t2F;~ coset tFi•
e) radial forces
b) tenoanUel force• F;.•f(9J,'I¥F)£U('I/.'•I'Ir'/.2'1,Y6<f'J,"') + (211 '1"}& = /I)~ 800 16
to ttta rlng.
/ei. Sop "' a 11 '3 l!.;,.;.,h ,;., wrdth
S"2,;., ... ~e

Tna rln:g ie eupportad by•

c) tangenUel ahaer
d) a"'eer perelhl to the reaul tent Df the twa belt tanetan farces.

~~~&)•
aamanta.
.:!Jl:: ::.~:.:d;. :~l:!,.t:.~==~~.!~=d1~·~=-o:.:~:tn~S:~tng
1 ...auld augoeat you Check 'the warJc end the 11ethod Far accurac:w. 1 cauld neve •ada
a mletske, I have not rechecked t.he work.

I B 0
Wa wUl nat~~ treat the ehell es a ring and find t.he tJending atrueu on a 1 in~ The ""alumn Analogy 118thad 111111 be used ta detesina the banding atreesu wl thin tne
t~~ia alice or tha ahell. ring.
The ring will be dlvliHid ln'ta l8 parts, avery 20 d&QJ'UB.
The ring ia cut at. aame aoint ea that. it beCDIIIte ataUciSlly datennlnant ..
------------------------------------·-----
1)

1ha Shear on t.ha ring cauaed tJy t;he torelan fi'DID t.he llel t t.ansiona- 2) The forces are applied to tna ring enc1 the tlanding mament determined.
3) lhla mament diagram naw bec:amea the load an an analogous column. lhta anlllogaus
calumn has the same aut...ard dlmenelane as t.ne real ring, ttawaver Ua thlekneas
ia equal ta liEl of the real ring.

·-·-·-----·-. -- .. ·------·----- &. ) Thla loiHI (bending moment of the reel 1'1ng) naw ia treated aa
a) en adlll. force
b) a bendtnQ moment abaut h-•l axle
c) e bending ~~Ga&nt about h-y) ada
this farce camaa fralll thll belt. and
ac:t.a in • counter-.claekwlae dlrect.ton. S) The thraa •stresses• on the analcgaus column-
The HBhtlng shaer from tha a!'jacent. snell, act.a around tha entire circumference a) Pial G
8
or 18 segment&• in a clack w1Ba direction b) bending stress a~t b•d a;•
c) bandln9 atresa about <v-v> §Y
I~!'/ - 'I "j, '/ 1';/-;e9ment
.. - !~_.:_ ___________ nDIII Dacoma ttut corrective mamanta wt\ieh -.111 bri"9 t.ha at.attcallv dataminent
ring back t.a the initial staUclll.ly inaeterminant ring. Their eigne will ba
This meane there is a net ahear force undar tne belt. or- chqed and then added diractlv t.o tha lniUIIl. bending moment.

.,(i\
.. ·.
Each mD11811t. 1& found by muUiPlving t"'a particular force Dy tna distance Hblun
a Una through this fDrce and tna POint in quast.19n on the rlng. Mrment.a are
considllrad to be poslthe if thev are in a clackwiae direcUQII. rnaaa diatencaa
are ecaled orr of tne drawing.

To get. the IIICYB8nta on aecl'l segment. cauaed bv the

!I!!!!! rorces, U ia necaasarv to di'I!IW a great. tt"""t
dlltiDBt.er t.hrougl'l the paint Of eppl1cat1an Of tl'le
fo.rce 1n thll ring and measure tne anarteat
..... ~ "'- f.ot dietance rroa thie to thll center of the
ugmant ln queat1an. Un t.hls figure paint. a). . ::::
I& ,~· 1'18 ~
"'$
I?

'"'
If
1'/
50'
so•
?D"
<Jo•
:12l
:1" /bs
~D'l I~•
3Sl lb<
\'
13 no·

I bYr:
-~"16 !(.,s
/2 no· 'I'S" 1&. Ta get the momenta an asctt &&QIIlBnt caused by the
!!!!!!: farcn, 1t is necesserv to d1'11W e tangent
li /50" '18'1 lb• t.hs'ough the paint or aPP).icetian of the farc;e
/0 no• Sl'( {~· 1n tne r1nt llftCI measure thll ahort.eat alatance
F.. no· 'i'rO .:,: frOfll th1& ta the canter of the BI!Qm&nt in
question (in ttale i'igure &eQAJeRt a).
8"' ?to• 6> I~ :~s

-25.
 A
lpolnt (o) J
£!!I.U1
c
!!!!II. l!!!S!!2!!
16 -26& • ..., .• - l,lOl ·46.9 a .s • - 24 +117.3 • 1,.3 • • l!U
15 ·309.• 14.0 ... 4,325 -4&.9 • .s • - 178 +117 .. 3 a s.e • • 6&1
14 -352 • 21.6 • - 7,600 -4.6.9 " 10.0 • - '59 +117.3 • ll.l .. + 1,5)8
ll ·396 x H .. lt • -1D,470

•
to gat the IIQmllflt& an ncn aei)Dll!n't caused by- the -•6.9 • 1e.o • • e•6 ... +117,.) • 21.3 • + 2,500
~ faJ'cea, U 1e ftllceaaary ta draw a alngla 12 .., • 28.0 • -12,190 ·•6.9 • 26.0 • • 1,222"' +117.3 x 31,.8 • + l, 730
Iliii"'tiiiough the canter af the B&Qmant tn 11 ......... 26,.4 •. ·12,800 -1.6.9. 37.,5.- 1,7&D""' +117 .. ) • 40.9 • • 4,810
QUB&tlon (hera paint a), at an engle of 10 -521 • 21.6 • -11,•00 -46.9 • 45.6 ... 2,1..0:::: +117.]. 48,.6 • • :i,700
32 Clegreaa ( tnil 1a the angle of the 'tiJ +5'JO • 14.0 • • 7' liS •ltf.,.9 X 52,.0 a • 2,1eltCJ I •117.]. 5].7. + 6,310
reaul tant farce of the twa belt tenelon
fDI'cn). The attona,.t distance b&tldllen
each paint of B121211Ci1Uon of farce to thla
8 +614 " ... 9 • + 3,012

+73.7.
~:; 51,.0 : :: ::::-
~==~ • • 3,755
+117.] •
+117 .. ] •
+117.3 •
ss. 7 • •
54.5 .. +
49.9 • +
6,540
6,400
5,860
tine h maa&~Jred and 111 tha moment ar11,. +73. 7 • 45.6 ... 3,355 .. +117.] • u. 7 • • 5,015
+73. 7 Jl 37.5 •• 2, 7&0 ' +117,.]. ]),7 • • 3,955
+7),. 7 • 26,.0 •• 1,917 • ... +117,.) X 24.,0 ID + 2,817
+73 .. 7 • 18 ... 0 •• 1,327 !:" •117,.]. 14.7 • • 1,725
+73 .. 7 • 10,.0 • • 737 ... +117,.] x 7,.D .. + 821
·•9,091 +6,1'7? .sa,ss5'*"
fatal Me: • +15,61el inch pounda tM

.l'.esl!!l!l_
15 •J09 • ••"'·•--U•JI/5
lie •J52 x lle.O • • 4 1 9lD
-.9 • .s.- 2•
-46.9 • ),.8 • .. 178
+117.] • . 2r.8 • +
+117,]. 10.0 • •
l29
1,17]
ll ·39& " 21 .. 6 • • 8,560
12 -le» • 26,.4 • •11,500
11 . . . . . 28.0 •. •ll,580
::::: : t~:g : :
-46,9 • 26.0 .. - 1,222"'
:~: ~ +117.]. 19.] • •
+117.] • 28.8 • •
2,262
3,380
+117.3 • li,.O • + 4,460
10 ·527 • 26 ••• •ll,920 ·46.9. l7.5.- 1,760~ +117.] • 45.6 • + 5,!150

: :II.:
9 .,70 • 21.6 • +12,320 •46,.9 X 45,.6 a - 2 1 140 I +11?.] • 50.6 .... 5,930
8 +614 x U.O • + B,&DD
- 'l'l, o£1) ~:; 55.]
~=~ • • 4,065
+71 .. 7 .
~:~:-) +117.3. 52.7. +
+117.] • 51,.] • +
6,190
6,020
+117.. ] • 46,9 • • 5,510
...73.7. Sl.O 3,755). +117.]. 39.7 • + 4,660
+71.7. 45.6 •• 3,355 ~.. +117.3. lD.7. + 3,600
+71.7. 37,.5 .. + 2,7&0 I'll +117 .. ] • 20,9 .•• 2,455
.+7l. 7. 26.0 •• 1,917 ... +117.] • 11.7 • + 1,374
+7l. 7 • 18.0 •• 1,327 +117.3 x ~e.o • • ft69

• Sl,Uol. "'
Ta till Md • +l2, 21e2 lndl pounds """

lpaint (a)l

18 •178
17
16
15
lit
ll
£!!I.U1
•222 a
-266 •
X

-:1119 •
-l52 •
•HI x
le.9 • •
U,O • - J,107
21.6 • - 5, 7!10
26, ........110
28.,0 • - 9,150
26.6 • •10 1 070
81)
-.9. l!ll!t
_.,,, • ,5 • •
l.l..
....... 10.0 • -
-46.9 x 11.0 • •
::.::: : ~~:g : : ~:~t
2•
118
,.,,
Itt&
•117,)
·117.)
-117,)
•117.l
+117,.]
+li7.l
2.5 .; •
•• , • •
J,O • •
1,7 • +
•••• +
18.0 • +
29.
505
l52
200
ll0l2
2UI5
8 ltaaint (e)!

u
u
12
£!!I.U1
•l52.
-J!16 •
··l5 •
4.9 • - 1,723
a.o •• 5,5411
21,6 • • 9,~
11 . . . . . 26 ••• -12,800
10 -527. 28,.0 • •llt,'78D
9 +5-?0 • 26.4 • +15,Di0
8 +&lie • 21.6 • +13,280
-•6.9
•U.9
•U,9

..6.9
-.9
!!WI

........,,
,5 • •
],.8. ..
10.0 • -
18,.0 • -
26,0 • - 1,222 ..
l7.5 • - 1,760
leS.6 • - 2,140 ,
2•
178
• .,
8le6:
.s
+117.3.
+117.].
+117.3
•117.1
+117.3
·117.3
+117.3
W5!!!m
l.8. •
13.2 • • 1,550
22.7 • • 2,663
....6

n .. e •• l, 7lo
ll.t. • • t.,620
4'-.6 - + 5,225
1..6.6 • + 5,t.60
D
•
21,6 • ~ I,.UO
12
11
··l5 •
........ 14.0 ... 6,785 -.9 •
-46.9 • 4!1.6 • - l,lltQti::
52.0 • • 2,"0 ~
+117,)
+l17.l
27.6 • +
36.7 • +
l,21t0
.,lUI -JS,'D3 +7],.7
+73.7
52.0 • +
55.,3 • + lt,D&5
l,llld'"
to-
+117.]
+117.1
45.2 • • 5,310
~eo.a ·•• t., 790
10
9
a
•527 •
•570.
+61" x
• •••• 2,51111
" · ' . + 2,790
t•.o • • a,&DO
·•6.9 • 55.l • • 2,600 I
-"'·' .. 55.] .... 2,60D
~:: : ~~:2 : : ~:~}-
+117,)
+117,)
+117.l
+117,)
.9 •• "+
""·' ~ ..
51,4 •.•
5,200
5,800
6,DWJ
+73 .. 7
+7],.7
+73.7
55.l. + •• 0651:
:~:~ : : ~::: :·
+117.3
+117.. 3
+117,.]
3t..t. • • t.,040
2t..4 • • 2,862
lle.8 • • 1, 737

~:~=N::~
+7),7 3'7,.5 • + 2, '760 .,. +117,) 5.6 • + 657
+7]., 7 • 37.5 • • 2, 760 +117.3 +73 .. 7 2'6.0 • + 1,117 •ll7.J 2.2 • • 258
+7),.7 X 26.,0 • + 1 1 9J7 ~ +117,) ll.6 •
.,5JO
+7l. 7 • 18.0 • + 1,327 ~ +l17.l 29.6 •
,,.75 ~ ~z,e.\il. ....
+7l. 7 x 10.,0 • + 7J7 , ... +117..,) 19.7 • + ,Jl2 Total M • .,...4,037 lnch paunda CltL
•''·'. ].8 • • 280 .. +117,) 10.5 • + ,2J2
+7l,.7. .5 • + 37 +ll7.l l.D • + l52
·•5,1!10 -6,l06
lealnt cr>l
US!!l !!WI .Ell!li.!!9!l
Total M8 • •1,519 inch paunda .a,;
13
12
-396
.... )5
.... 9 •
• 14.0 •
- 1,960
- 6,090 =:::: : 3:: : : ~~: :
+117.3 •
+117.3.
...a . •
lle.l • +
S6t.
1,678
!paint (b)j 11 -r.e4 • 21,.6 • -10,1t8D -U.9 x 10.0 • • 469 :.. +117.3 • 23.5 • + 2, 760
10 •527 x 26,.t. • •13,ft0 -46.9 x 18.0 • ... 8'-6 ~ +117.3 • ]1,1 ... 3,650
l!I!U! !!!!II. 9 +527 x 28.0 • +15,960 -'-6 .. 9 • 26.0 • - 1,222 • +117,.3 x 36.2 • • ft,25D
17 •222 . . . . , • - 1,0&1
l& •266. t•.o ... J,7tl
-"'·' •
-46.9 •
.s • ...
],8.-
z•
178
•117,) • .7.- 82 8 +614 • 26 ••• +16,220 -46.9 A
•73. 7 •
37,.5 • -
45.,6 ...
1,"0
l,J55-
•112iJ •
+117,.] II
l8.2 • +
)6.,!1 c +
4,485
4 1 3]5
+117.l • ·'. + 82 - ,J ')t).
s.z • + 610
-.9 •
: ::
15 ·l09 lC 21,6 ... 6,675 -46.9 • lD.D • • U9 +117.l +73. 7 • 52.0 • • l,llD ... •117.] • 32.6 .... 3,826
lie •.JS2 X 26, .. c • IJ 1 JQD liKD • • eu +117,) 12.5 • + 1,467 +73,.7. 55.].+ 4,065 CQ +117.3 • 25.2 •• 2,957

:~~:~ :~:~ ~:= 2

1l -JH • 28.0 • -11,100 ..6.9 • 26.0 • - 1,222 ... +117,.) 21.7. + 2,51t5 +117.3 • 16.2 • + 1,900
12
11
10
-•a. •
-435 • 26 .... -11,500
21.6 • -1o,•so
•527 x llt,D • .. 7,!90
-'-'·'. l7.5 ... 1,760""
=:::: : ~~:~ : : =:~ ~
+117.l
+117.l
+117.l
l1,2 • + l,66U
ItO.) • + ... 7.30
ltB.D • + 5,637
+7). 7 • 45 .. 6 • • l,l55 :
+73.7. 37 .. 5 • • 2.760
+117,.] Jl
•117,.3 x
6.5
2,9
-117,). 10.5 • - 1,2J2
• •
e. ...
763
litO
9 •570 X lt,9 a + 2, 790 -1.6.9 • 55.3 • - 2,600' +117.l 53.1 • + 6,210
8 .&lit X 4,9 • + l,D12 _,.,,, • ·55.] • - 8,680 +117,tl 55.1 • + 6,'-60: ~ 'l'i I~"'" ...
.,,,,. st.o .. • J,7ss- +117,3 53.1 • • 6,310 >i"T,:at=•=l=";lrr.;,"-..so.;:...:.•OJ~Z~lnch.;:.....;_..;__.,.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
+7l.7 ...5.6 .. + J,J55 +117.l 49,.4 • + 5 1 8DO
+7), 7 X )7 ,5 • + 2,. 760 .., +117,) 42.1 • + .. ,835 )paint (glj
+7), 7 X 26.0 a + 1,917 ~ +117.l 33.2 • + l,IOD radial ~
+73, 7 x 18,0 • + 1,327 f" +117.J 23 .... + 2, 745
a!£!!!!!!
+7l,7ll 10.0 • + 7)7.,.
12 _,.,, • ..., ... 2,1l0 -•6.9 • .5 • ... 'tilt .... •117.3 • lt .. 9 • + 564
+117.) lle,.2 • + 1 1 667
+7),7. ).8 * + 280 +117,) 6.7 • + '716 11 -484 x 14,.0 • .. 6, 78! ·46,.9 x 3,8 • - 178 .. +117,.] X 13,.8 • + 1 1 620
10 -527 • 21.6 ....u,r.oo ·46 .. 9 x 10.0 • - t.69 eo._ +117.) • 21,.6 •• 2,536
-55,454 -ne +57,)82 "" 9 +570 X 26,.1e • +15 1 060 -46.9 • 18,.0 • - 846 N +117 .. ) • 26.6 - + ),120
Total "aJ • +1,780 tn.:h pauna1 or..
8 +614 • 28.0 • +17,220

.. "·""~
:;~:; ~~:~ : : : ~:~=~-· +117.3
+117,.3
•
x
28.,7
27 .. 3
• +
• +
1,370
l,2DD

•
•73.7 X le5.6 a + ) 1 ]55 1, •117.] • 22.9 •• 2,687

:: ::::::= ~',.
•7l. 7 • 52,.0 • + 3,8JQ Cb +117.3 • 15 .. 6 "' + 1,8JO
=~~: ~ :~:~
+117.] • 6.6 • + 775
-117.) • l.2 • • l76
=~~: ~ :~:: ~:~~
-117.) • 12•••• 1 •• 56
·117.J • 20,0 • • 2,JU
.. ,,S"
~~ + f~,Sl."'.,..
Total M • +49,9)6 tncn pounde
9

. 26.
 A fpotn& (a) I c
lpalnt (h)l DIU!1 l!l!!E .E!!IS.Usll
I!l!!ll ahea:r reaction +7J. 7 a .5 • + )7 _ •ll7,J X •• 7 o • 552
11 _,..., • "·' • - 2,)75 -4&.9 ll .5. - =•.. ,... +117.) • ...) • + 505 +7l.7 x l.8 • + 210• •ll7,J. "·7 •.• 1,562

=~~=~: ~~:::: l,j~~=

•ll7.l Ill 2l.5.- 2,760
10 ·527 • 14,.0 • - '1,JB5
9 +510 .. 21.6 • +12,)20 ::::: 1~:~:: ~=t
+117,.) X 12.0 • +
+117.) X 17.,2 a+
l,ftlO
2 1 020 •117,) • ll,2 ... l,660

•
8 +614 X 26,.ft • +16,220 -46.9 " 18.0 - - ~ +117.l 1111 19.2 • + 2,25S • i,t1~
+?l, 7 • 26.0 • + 1.915 +117.l. 17,8. + 2,090
+7l.7 • l7.S • + 2,76Dc,. +117.) • l:J.l • • 1,562 TaHl M • -6,1Sl lncb paunda ""
+7l. 7 • c.s.& • + l,l~5 > +117.) .. 6.0 • + 70ft
+?l. 7
+7),. 7
" !2.0 • + l,8l0
M 55,.) • + 4,065...,
c: •117.1 • l .. O • -
•117.) • 12.1 • -
l52
1,50)
lpa1nc !ell
+7).7 X 55,.) a+ 4,065: -117.J • 22.0 • - 2,580
D!l&!l one !!IW .E!!IS.Usll
+7l.7. 51.0 • + l,?55 •117.] • 29.6 - - J,•75 +7l,7. .s. + •ll7.l a 5.0 ., ... 585
+7), 7 II J.8 • + -117,) • 14.2 • - 1,667
of'f'l,~~· +<~,'-'""" +?l.7 x lO.D • + •117.] X 21., • • 2,560
Total 1\ • •"l,6'64 lm:n paunda ·'i,U1

l!l!!E .£!!!£!.&!!!! potnt.

10 -527 •
9 +5?0 X 14,.0 a + 7,980
e •&lit • 21.6 • +lJ,zao
..., .... 2,582 .....,_, •
•lo6,9 •
.... , . , JC
.5 • ..
J,8 • -
10.0 • -
2ft;.
178 •
46t,..
+117.) • l.& .. +
+U7.l x a.a •• l,Oll
+117.,) X 10,9 • + 1,280
1.11
+7l.7. .5. + )7~
... .E!!IS.Usll
•ll7.J X 4,& • • 5.40
•l.~ ··~
+9).7 X li.Q • + 1,)2'7 +117.J X 9,6 • + 1,128 +7l.7 X J.8 a+ zao, •117.J. 11.8 .... 1,4)2
-t
+7). 7 • 2& .. 0 • • 1,915 •117.l x s..o • • 586 -1'1,"1
+7l. 7 X l?.S • + 2,7&0,..... •ll?.J X 2,2 • • 258
+7),. 7 X 45,.6 a + J,J55 ;;;; -117,) X U.l • - l,l2& Total M • •1,655 ...
+7l. 7 x 52.0 • + l,B)Q _..
+7),. 7 X ~5.) • + &.,06" ""
+73,7 X 55,) • + &.,065 ?"
•117,) X 21,0 • • 2,ft65
-117,) X XJ,.2 • • J,51t2
-117.) Ill 37 .. 9 • - 4,450
ii4!biil l!l!!E
-~r.o~ , .E!!IS.Usll
+7l.7. .s - + l7 -117.l • J.a • .. 446

Joa1nt (JJJ
radial IE!!!£ .EI!!Sll9!l
N .. ao 1, SZ../0
9 +5?0- ... 9 • + 2,792 -46.9 Ill .s • ... 2&.: +117,3 X 2,0 • + 2)4
=~:;: l~:g : : ~~}!
8 +&14 111 1&..,.0 • + 8,61l0 +117.) X 4.2 • + &.9)
.. ,,,,q, +7l. 7 X 18.,0 • + 1,327 ...
.·u. 7 . H.D ... 1,915 •
+117.J
-ll7.J.
X 2,6 • +
1.9.-
-117.,)" 9.2 • - 1,080
J05
22J
+I"JZ,SZf

+7l.7 Ill l7.5 • • 2,760 .... -117,) " 18 .. 2 • - 2,ll&

•''· 7 )( 1!1.& 0 + l,l55 ~.. ·117,3 • 28.0 • - J,28S
:~~=~: ~~:~ :: !:~:,. •117.,) X 3&.,2 • • 4,250
•ll'J..,) X 4r..,8 • - 5,260
-1 s,to:r...-
Total "J .. •ll,977 inch paunda Dt:.

• (j,atnt

8 +&14 x
!k)

l!!!!!1
I
4,9 • + l 1 D10
+73.,7

+7), 7 •
+7),7 X
+7).,7.
-
.... 6.9 •
II
+7l. 7 • 10.0 - +
+7). 7 .. 11.0
26.0
37,5
lt5,6
.s - -
l.8 • +
•
•
•
•
2\,..
280
7]7
+ 1,327 )>
+ 1,915 •

'·'"'l;.
+ 2,760 AI
+
.EI!!Sll9!l
•117,) •
-ll7.J.
·' • •
1.5- -
•117.) • s ••• - ,,..
-117.,.) • 12.8 • - l,SD2
•117.3 x U.l
•117.3 x Jl.S
•117 1 l x WI.?
•
•
•
,,
176

• ~,!llill
• 1,700
... lt 1 785
B

1::.: .·
L: .. 1
.........• ,.
D

+7l. 7 x 52,0 • + l,8l0 1'

., ...,.
-117.3 " •8.J
,~
• - s,&&s : :·!:·::
• t•
. . ...:..l :.:.:.... -.
•

: .. !
.EI!!Sll9!l
'!:
-117.] • 1.0 - - 117
-117.] " 5.5 - - 6~6
-117.) • 12.8 • - 1,502
-117.] • 21.8 - - 2,560
-u?,l • n.& • - J,no
•117.l. ItO.& • - 1t,76D
•117.) • lt8.2 ... 5,6&0
·t&,'U'S"

I pa1nt (m) I
!!!!!!! l!l!!E .EI!!Sll9!l
+7l .. 7 Jl .s • + l7 •117.] • .., - - 528
=~~:~: l~:g :: ~~~ ~ •117.] • 11.8 - - 1,J85
•117.J • 21.0 - - 2,.6J
+7), 7 • 18,0 • + 1,)27: •117.) • lO, 7 • - J,600
+7),7 • 2&.0. + 1,915.,. •117 .. ) • )9,8 • - 4,&65 ·-~-·
..•. : !'
+7),7. l7.5. + 2,760
-,,,,q,
•117.J • ~7.2 - - 51550
.;
Total Mm • •11,135 inCh p.ounde ,ur
lpa1nt (n)l ···-·~ ... .,. . ...
.E!!!!!l .EI!!Sll9!l • '
I
+7l. 7 • .5 • +
+7l.7. l.& • +
+7J,7 • 10.0 • •
l7 ~
280 00:
7l7 ~
-117,3 a 4.2 • • 49l
•117.J • 13.2 • - 1,550
•ll7.l X 23.0 .... 2,7Dd
<:·: . . :.·!·i.
+7),? Jic 18,0 • + l,l27 :t' -117.] • J2,0 - - l,756
+7),7. 2&.0. + 1,915 ... •117.1 • " · 7 ..... ,&60
- ,,, 1$'1

•
u
Total M • •I,B£J Pit

"\":. l
\·,. I

. 27.
"'""" - • • an - ouUcollv - • ring (.,..\ riiiQ) ... """"" In tno A c
flgun Oft page 11. Since ,,.•• ...,.,. an ftDIII gal.ng to tr8 cant~SII•ru aa a lad
an u.. maJ.aeau• alu.t, 1 t will hi IIDH ccarrqnl•c to nsrl~~e~~ tnn ..1 en
corrcant:l'eUd V8luu. Thla can be dane by aal.UplylRQ tha val-.e by tne ere langtn
ar - _ , ar 10,1 tnBa. Tho naulCIIIQ ...n.:onua\od •ol- an . - In
r~g,...,

•
- talllllollng

/
I
/

•
b
•15,190
+17,800
+156,410
"
d +l22, .. 20
•, .....0,)'10
+SOO,:J20
g ...99,350
h ....... 3, .. 80
I +317,210
j +139,770
k ·17,730

.
1

•
-85,1t4D
•111,)50
-aa,6lD
a -61,5lD
-37,590

•"
q •1&,550
... ,090
Total·~

8
bDS!!!s !ii!l!!1 .!1!!1!!1 i!=!!l !.!!! i! !!!!1.siliU S!l!!!l

c
d
•
• 15,190
+ 17,800
+156,'-lD
+l22, ..2D
.41tD,l7D
,. (+28 .. 0)
• (+2&.3)
• (+21 ... )
1111 (+1 ... 0)
1111 (",B&)
•
•
•
•
•
- 425,JOO
+ •&B,l5D
•),l ..7,DDQ
+4,51 .. ,000
+2 1 1 .. 0,000
D
•
~ +510,)20 M (-t..,Bii) • -2, .. ll,SOO
g .....99,350 (Ml ... Q) • --6 1 991 1000
+lt4ll,.ltl0 (-21 ... , ...,, .. ,1,000
"JI +31'7,210
+1J9, 770
(-26.3)
(-28,0)
• -8,)4.3,000
• •3,913,500
k - 17,730 t-26,3) • • •&&,JDD
.
1
n
• 85, ••0
-111,350
• 88,630
t-21 •• )
c-t•.o> •
t-•.a6l •
• +l,B83,DDD
•1,559,000
+ U0,15fl
1\ a - 61,530 , ... ,86) • - 299,030
p • 37,590 (+14.D) • - S26,lDD

- -
q - 16,550 t.Zl •• ) • • 35.,110

/
/
.. • ... 4,090 (+ft.3) • - 107,560

--~26

/ •b - 15,190
• 17,8CO
( 0 ) -
(-9.57) .... 17D,lldJ
0
c +156,410 (-11 .. 0) • -1,815,200
d •322,420 c-z•.2> • -7,883,000
,• .....0,370
+!IDD,l2D
(-2'7.6) • -12,153,000
t-27.6) • •U,B09,DDD
g ••99,350 c-z•.z> • -12,aa3,ooo
/ h +.ltlt3,.8D (-18,.0) • ... 7 1 98) 1 000
'I I +317,210 (-9.57) • - 3,0J5,'JOD
J +1J9,77D ( 0 ) • 0
k - 17,730 (+9,51) • - 169,680
1 - as,••o t+U,Ol • - 1,5JB,DDD
II •111,350 (+2~.2)• - 2,69~,8DD
- 18,&30 (+27 .. &) .... 2,1t46.2DD
a - 61,5)0 (+21,6) • - 1,6511,200
p • 31,590 (+2 •• 2) • - 909,100
q • 16,550 x (+18.0) • .. Z97,9£JO
• • lt,D9D 111 '(+9,.57) • .. H,lltO

•
. 28.
 A c

• Tne reaul Ung •atreaaaa• an the analogous column tlecorq th8 carrecUng 11011111nta,
:ln other woJ"da Cf'lange thel r etQna and add dlhi:Ur ta tha 1n1 tiel mamanta of the
CUI' ring.

c c:. 111y• • try

"'·· -r.
•
b
.Z8,0
+26.3
• ?,JIG ln
+ 6,900
lil
.,,, 0
~ 9,6&0
0

d
• +21 ...
•t~.a
+ 5,&10
+ l,&ID
•18,0
-2~.2
•18,170
·24,420
•, .... 86
-~.86
+ 1,270
... 1,1711
·27.6
•27,6
-27,850
-27,850
g ·14.0 - ),6111 -2~.2 •24,UO
It -21.~ • lti1D •18,0 ·11,170
1 -26.3 • I,IGD -9,57 - 1,660
J -za.o
k •26,3
•7,DD
... 6,900
0
.,.5,
0
+ 9,660 ~ ~-!-!-: .
.
1
n
-21 ••
-14,0
-•.86
- 5,6111
- 3,680
... 1,270
•18.0
+24.2
+27.6
+18,110
+24 1 C.2D
+21,850
,,
i.
!
··••t•·l
. : ; ~ :::;
a
p
q
+4 .. 86
+14.0
+21 ...
+ 1,210
• ),680
• 1,110
•''·'
+24,2
+18.0
+27,850
+21t,UD
+11,1'70
+26,] + 6,1DD +9.57 • 9,6MI

OWB 20'1
Tl'te L1ncall"' Electric ~any Omar bJ Bladgett Nav,8,1%8

• "•
M

"v
"1
X
•1l,&2D
• 7,)50

.. 1,519
0
•ll,620
.. &,900
... 9,660
+ 1,780
c
•13,620
.. 5.&10
-18,170.
+15.61tl
d
·ll,61!11
... 3,689
-2~, .. 20

+32,242
•
·U,&ZO
• 1,270
-27,850
+41t 1 0l7
·U,620
- 1,270
-27,850
+5D,OJI
B D

"r - 7,789 •llt,IDD •1D,Il8 •IUN • J,ll7 • 7,292.

"'• '
-13,61!11 •ll,620 -13,620 ·13,620 •ll,620 •ll,62D

"·
M
y
- 3,680
-14~420
... 5,&10
-18,170
- 6,900
- 9,&60
... 7,350
0
- &,900
+ 9,660
- 5,610
+18,170
Ml +419,935 ..... ,148 +ll ''J2l +1),977 ... 1, 77) • I,S44
"r + 8,215 .. 6,9r.e + 1,51t1 - 6,993 -12,533 - ,,604

a
" p
M
M
M
.•
v
•ll,620
• 3 0 680
>2~.420
•ll,61!11
... 1,210
+2?,850
•ll,61!11
.. 1,270
+2"1,,850
•ll,&ZO
+ :S,680
.z~.~211
-ll,620
+ 5,610
+18,170
-11,&20
+ &,900
+ 9,&00
M1 •ll,U5 - 8,863

"r - ~.Dlt + ... ..,

- 6,153
+ ,,,.,
- ), 759
+10,721
- 1,655
+ 8,505
---
• 2,5Jl
~D'J

•atr-•
ldharet "• • ._..., r~ the laia1 laed d the .alopua column
II• • IRQIIII1nt rram tha bendlng •etl"aae• about b-x) orthe enelagaua ~:aluM.
"v • mamant from the bancUng •a:treaa• about <v-v> ar tha analCJQOLI.a colUIIUI.
Mi • inlt1al moment or tne at.aUcally d•terminant (cut) rlng,
"r • final moment ar tha atatlcallv ltN:Ietermlnant rtng.

MB•im~o~~~ IIDII.nt an rtng- M• - 1¥,6~ ,;, lk

Section Udulue or 1• wide l"ing s~ (1'~111.)'" =
.2" ~;,"
Bending atre•a in ring

~~ ~ ... o{.. z.oo ps

•
tr= oZ.4
1

t:."'mpres:u#n ~n &J~"t5Jd6'
t etr:Jtdn 11111 ln'Sir:ie

-29.
 A c
Ac\ually ,.,. ....u .... - 1• lly 1.7!1• aurr...1ag ~lnp, on 1~· ...,ttou. Ha&-llanhl Clangl\udlne1) lhoar atJ.doan Uoo onall and ,.,. aUffonlng ring.
Til• tnuUing bonding """"" an U.la 1~• Ofilia _ , _ la ~- a1ow•
}!:-a::-=::,--::d ':n:!~;•.!:!:a:a;::,.!• ~":!:-~'=•~.:;-~:r::,~:r!n":.~=11
8

•
1 tna .,.._ lld'llcl'l ia t.r~~n.teerlld \hnugh t.ne lfltlde.

r- in... TD Qllt the ...a.. ahur, we laak t'ar two pairrte 411ftlch llaue t.l'la tp'eetee\ ci'W'lga ln

·-··
2.0 3,, &landing _,.,_ FI'IUI llhlld: 19 U.le 8PCIBBI"I m bB palnte (c) and (d) , 10.1 lncnaa

fu thtl 1~ 0 •lila ...,uon, Uola HcaNa UB,91DlC1~) • 1SO,DDD ln lila

The bllndlnQ a&rnsea ua-
-io,:&.
tr= Me JlfAIJIXi'btl"t) ., _ 1, '9b pJ;
-y- »S$1' ""·.f. 7. '18"4 q, lk yl'(,,;) - -1()'1, 200 ,;, ,~.
tM/cie \ .M,.• {+ 2,n1 ni lkY 1¥ml • ... 'D, ~~)() in 16s
I?"= ~Jip.aro'trfi!J • + 5', ,70 p-si
:r. :I03.'t _ JI'IC: (-JDUIK>TI.,7) = - 89'1 fl$/
0,.-y ZDJ,'t

Tile ...'-- ttqaUva IIGUn& 11ft the 1• 1111lda ucU.an af &lla rl.ng le 11,&110 ln lba. f.·(- B'l'lf>tiXJtl'\t'l,? • - /S,H'o AS,
For &N 11,• wlda IAUan, Utle be~ UI,UII)(l4) • 101,000 1n lH
~ (•ltilti'IOYI.6?)
Tna blinding e&ranu are• tr,.= y• z.oi+ "' +Z.'IOp-a,"
F;. • fz'IOpt.IXN""IAt'j" .... !r,oe o 1~'5
Ttta dlffH811ca ln \haea twa bending farcn auat &renefer out ea ehear wlthln a
10.1 lneh lenoth•

r .. -16i";fo-(!6ioeo) ., Z07t::J ~hnch (t~<Jt> wetrls}

l"o /P•/

TMI auUlda eurrace ar the lft811 hb • tang..,Ual ltl'au _,.1ah varlae fi'GII a or 103() lb;,;, per C,'l/et we.lcl
tene1an ar 2 1 180 pel to a CIDIIPI". .1Dn ar 1,~ pel.
Tha lnalR edge ar &he atlft'enlng rlng hila • etnlla wblc:n verlea rru a tanalon
ar 1,170 Pill "' o - - l a n af 1,110 Pill•

Now ... will c::onat.ur the 14• wlfti Hctlan or tN 111'11111 with ltll aurr.nlng rlng H
a curve be• .nd 111 lf thla lncr•-- V.. bending a\naBD to any IJI'IIt extent ..
Baa O.aign af IRlc:rm.rtte, IICtlan 1.1
B D
•
~ \ I
~----- zz.·· _____...,
\ I
A y M~AY T.•Jt\Y
\ I Ia
ZZ'\<.!?it 1!.1~ D 0 0
\ I ..i"'tLS':t.-7/i( 3.'1'1 -tZ-bi~S /1.08125
•. , ... !Itt'
31./l.l. l.!i/t.a
e~F
MS t 5,4JZ" ~D1~~ /IB.bS'-
\/ c•nte.r total 21.'1~0 ~z.l'l$"0 /j'f.798
-f:.-c..---.,..,,..,..t-u.re
radt~ or .
Z S, 7
7 ;, ...- csntar of ,,... t'l Y·~· ~ ~ I. s-oo m•
0 1 A at"4'IO •
r.,.' T.•J:i~... T.'X, -{'l'f~)~ II,<{, '7'1[3- {t.!itJof.33.1'/S)•/f.!l.'7'/&- '18.'-FJS• J/{,.513ti{~-

bendoil<j -sire-s<; mSiae

M( r:- r;.) 111 (zs-.1ss--18.) _ • o'l'l'- ft-1
g; = A Us"- r~) rt" z,.n(tr.?o7-ZS:S6"s:X~-
bendtn'l stre ..,. ,...:to/Jt>
M(r.-rn) /1'1[?..8.-U.3H) ,. .o;oz M
tr, • A {r~- r.) r.: 21..UC U,7"7-2S".iiij'211)

•
.Tn tlu"s PKRmple-
m-;u Itant .. nit ;orce
~ • . 0'1'12 .111 = {.O<J'I2.){2o'I.OOcJtn//;) • 'f,OOO.p-s./
~= .o,oz ..,_ = (.rHoa){zo'i.ooo,;,/6) • .Z,oao. post'
Fr:i.J.~-~ (,)'+ r: ·/~o/tl.t.7·n8S)+("'s,:.~j ~ i!'-/':l9.? tL,.;

lr'l -:;,;., £70 weld rrei::z ·• "e;,. 11 ."~'"·-'~'"s

Z~'l.q,t tty,;,
r.o; {~I.OfJo,... 1 )~'''7} ~. 11>3¢>" a,.. bea:l:J"t' ::Jf !1;7l, use~
n

. 30.
 A c
Moment In dtic at"@
/14 Q Ms +- M., + M,

•
---------------
e.rt•
Fd=}(-t-M,•~..,."'Ot""""~+fif"'"'.''~YXGI.
lri.L Ft' .., !1.!1'. !!.• (Lt' +'1\
I{ r o f }

'I FJ.
M,= ~+'{

Lt'
F FJ "'N"
£..,
:t:ol +-?

L--iot~

~o~e. nee. J M.,

1
M _ B.Et And .a. M.L
,. ""' " ""' 'IFI
M~ • 14? + Ms

• B
'IFd
( &H
~)a.

/1'1 (Lt>
= '1 Fd
x;;;
" M. t

t-
1

#))
'I
M,"'fo\.: M-{1+ ~)~
L-t '"1 t
Mr -rrr--
y;:t'l { Lt'

~
) 0

we need .M,,
~~~:,t we mu~t f,~d M,.

•
. 31.
 A c

•
~>r M."

f1()W uns/der the

M11 • M,_ +Mn + MNJ
1imer dtic a"t CGJ B Example.:
D
•
1
tt' Z.Fd ~ ~~
S Fd
56 /1, =jl.tl )L
Lx;. +'I
l{LJ. • {L t' + I( )L
xa. -+-L ---Jj F-.. • /'!.,()()0 lb
wt -atu.l • 2.'1,178 I~
F• 2 2,000 /b d· zs'J¥u. wt Lva:ter • q,'tO?S
lb
., ,0 ~~
I .. ~\ '!!.f/2•. 2ol in, o~ -a-z,ooo 1\. em
Qt:at:-h beo.r-1'11'3
r; ='f ,;., r • 14 in
J:. = 1'/ • 3•.s- Deso<ln C)~ 'We/dments ?.'l-B
r. If

--------------·----------
vve nef'd M, 11
C!CIU 17
erlrje SIA('PIN"ted
Cll = .s"(
= 2.06

•
. 32-
 A c
IJufr!r
,;tnce ht vert AI shec:u- CU1d bendtnq. are -su/Jfec't to. q
t
et:Jmp/e.te rever-saf 1 we CtJu.ld use tim Far tne fct t '<i uE'
beno1n9 <otre~-s in•drsc. o.t h•b, pomt@ a.llo tNQ ble et"' d. ir:to'n -
radtill ten":>i /e stret>S
Z7 RP~
'l,ZOO. p-o 1
or ~'ttl6){ '1so){2o) = 15!> x./IP6 e9cle.s
"!>0 1./.Jt! w:/1 u.se oulllr Z~a,aoo cqc/O''S

't,_• 1~k .. ~~-o • '/,ooo ps,

1.21,;, or 1?f" ~
,%111 iF we were te~ a:>nsti:ler tlte ~ILter ecl9"'s of f.",.
dt's c to be st'mp/y '1>1Appt>t"ted, {ht~ l.ck:JUid cbt:~rqe tc. partt4.f pe.ae trn.fta·a '/fPD!Je weld
ffle fo 1/f) IAIIn"f -
3
li... • (l"s-Yts>' = .s1
1::::. 3 'f zo llwi ,. • 85s- 1;, 0 ,_ .?§" deep .
o/MO p$l
:r.... (2&>/)(,S'f
M.4 .(zz,ODoXls';y){.st){l+ .L 1 t - L t- .. •) .. 79.'100 ,~ IJ.
('lSI) ('Mi/) f'l.stJI

Th~ ac..t"ttal edqe C!dndt't;ptrS of. tl;e drs.'c w,'/1 he

SIJme wh.sre be'tu;een t1;ed and s(mp/4 S1A.pf>ort9J,
fience ,the f'Q.dJa.l 'tenstle stress r th• :r:·~-· .::r: ~fe
hu. 1:. wr II bE> ~ome wherC' 1h betl{)e{'n th("'.;e two sets
of ~Jetf«e'3. ..

• hl!et weld befltlecn tAe outer cliic an'lr

71le ciratm Fert?lltlal
the 5/vJft at' t»hf @ must be aJ/Je to trr~nsFer tl!ri
mtJment {1<4) ffl)m the sktft llito the d~ •
5,.,~ ~d'& 'ft'~B/m sa. 3 in..,
r ./01.... 1/Z,?OO _ z, z -.c.;
u,., /~'/':..
B
Welded
D

ro • --s;- • S'O. '3 - "'

qfso 11111st rmnsfer a torque af
- 1f3,ooo HP • 63,ooo{oroo).
T• RP.., Z.'7
Yi>Z.x>o 1 n /Js
a c:lo u biC' sc t of we Ids
rc>~ht-.r/r:l 'J..•11'~-s.'fl':>'· LfOZ.m-,

f+• {~v {'fr,if~:'D"I) = z, H-5'". lb,,/,

fo {ir,,S) • ZZ,OOO ( '12, ?S)

t t,F(
t.· 21.ooof"t2.~~): sr..'I(:O lb1 27.,0il>O If> <ll'l>C

A..,, 1td .. 'Ita· zs-,2. ,;, ..

-...,-- ..
I

(. l:
Is 'l A..,
S"f.,'IOO ..
c. ( z s)
1.,1 30, 11>;,,; ~

Allllllllllllllffih: -~~~::;~~~

•
bead ,.; 9 stress
Me _(7.1SO.;,"'•X3t~,;,). '1.05 "'";
f:eao.i/e ~·r- ~s.sr>t. t.•
COII"DreS$t•e
ltfc .e/
/SO.. ";P){2.o\~.,. 2 [gl
D;"r· 1ss.sst.l~ •
Mi

-33-
 c
Route 4th £d. PIIQII 220, CBU lit

•
~::a: :n-: ::r;:.: !~ ::U::r!::r:::~:f =~:,.:W"•
1 1

axle plu. any vertlcal portlon ar t"- weld, ... below.

:r ~ ·::1:!~..: ~r::::::!~ 1

Total lltllgth or alngla wld aaaU~&U to ba

erractlve 111 tranarenlng the vertical ah. .r ..

L~2.(21'H~\").,. 701-'ftP
Unl t ehaar rarca DR wela.
r, ..Y...
L•
L • ~
3'1"Z"'"
~ 1/,;8 y,,.
~ •

Lag alza or ru1at weld (£70 we-ld 118tal) ateadv lolld

!..) 'f. HI "fln ZCfS" •

=(.7D7X'-' "'~ ~ • ""
but bacau&e or the 1 1/2 lnch thiCk plata,
mlnl•um weld elza 11 5/16 lnch.
Ir 11111 . .uaa t"- rauawlftG retlgUII load condltlana: z,onotooo cyclea
atraaa range K • mtnJ•u • o, thle bec:amae AISC Fatigue catega.rv (F) and _ 3F(m'!.t)
.(); 'ftrlti'Ft'
[r"'-t'-1- zmr.'lr:-r."l-Bmr;r,•~ft+'fr.'r.Yifltl){l"'kft-f"]
• ' r: {m-1) + r.'" (m tt)
1
'i""' • =- ..::!i!:._: 1t. i
II1-D = Ill<'-' but not to exc:aed ataady value or 21 kal
1C~.f")~).._1] [ "'-s' ~ 2!~'(11~s'l-Bt\Ji'6'{s}~J.,. 'f +'1Wfsffkl'{i>te'ftJ" o. I ?I ~le
1-K
r

(s)'t~.. l)
6
' Y'ltf.;'i)'fiGoJD'b'l.l' ll1)'(;\-1) + &t<6tlfer) ·

!:rrt!.~":; ~~..:·~~~... a:, til.: ~~."!;-:. ::..101~!...""::"..-;;:.~

Thta Mlll produce • horizontal rarce or lll 111,... Jr we • .._. bn&lel ar ttt.
natuft ar the burlAp or the ahll.ve ahairt, that thla rarce le eurlad aqually bv
the outal' alde pl-'- end the lrtnBI' aldll plate, thla 1111111 ndu.n tne eppll.ad ron:a
tia aiiCh Plata to 56.5 111,..
B D
•
0, 2 Z /1/C/tt!S
(•t <e11ter)

F•&SO"
Roan ~&h Ed, ·PBu• 218~ """" 1
Treattno Chs outer atde plate 1111 a circular pJ.ete* wlth IINI wltftaut e arrtnl hOle,
almpla iiUPPDrte or rbad at tha autar adQe, w get a aallect1.Dn or valuee uelng
ronuJ.u rram Aoartt•a FaNUlaa rar Straaa I Streln, ltth Edltlan.

Dut-er ~J~e~ Df~":j t>"'feS

s/mplot •"P~r eJ

8;• 3"1.6 (<.,;

@
. ciro./4r P!"tl'
o;= '" 8 /(s;
t;;xmtMI ot
traf hilt

A 1:dJ, 37 melle:~
Rt center
~f-'IH1:
a-,• Iii, {t 1<si
::.1J:r~e
c.,:' 1!), 1'3 ~
711ts
follows on
5/Jee6®<111ti®
wo~l<

..lth -ttt/11 f»(fo .at center

a:,.
1
~o.q ~t~i
tJ:: 32.$"/<Si or :!-fent.i.t

G
""'"'
•f cBIIt4r r,
',.4t&& w ~ent:fAI

•
.tt -~ter r; (f..• li,'J K';i
='fr•:t...
IT.• l.fn~,; ot
eir&A{ar pMtt'
solid
4,. o. :1. :l /fteMs
_.t: t!mtter
~.~ .
A,• ~'f.::t"i:

• 34-
 Traa fgllacdlng aaclr:et and &hlll'lk for a large
ba 1nvaat1gatad ln ragard to weld &118 and
~:oupJ.er 1a to A c
stresses an the unit. These •atreeeae• . .aceme carrrctlvB momenta whlel'l must be •ddaa tD the ar1g1n•l
mamente of the st•Ucflly determlnent frame. Since they ere corrective, their
algna IWet be changed.

•
The reaultlng moment.a tnan became t.he final mamente an the statlcelly :lndeteJ'rdnent.
frame. ·
Tnere lo one ='::.
do the roaleUng shear farcaa occur only ln twa oojocent
aldea, figure h), el' ua t.hey 1n ell faur alGae, figure (b) 1

- 21,'1{,8 ..

a._,..

The resulting banding mamants era shm.~n bdaw-

]
811C8UBU Of t.na lGDBIII ... +ll.'l5'd'"'
f 1 t 1 we will aaeuma
that the shank cantaeta +6o,fil7r~lJl;,JIILIIII!miiii[J]]IllJIIII![I\t<o,,... 8'1/
the &aekat at just tw
oppaa1te pglnta •

• The socket ra~lll be traat.ed sa a at.ruct.urel frame. It 1e etatically lndatermlnant.

Th• •calU!Uft analooy• msthod utill be ueurd. Thh nthod la c.av•r.S ln Rmra d111taU
in the book •oeaign ar Welded Struct.una•, Section 6.1.
The calUIIll"' enalagy method involves finding t.ha propartlaa af the •aeaUon•. Tnat
the fra11a H the c~mtla section of a column. The dlmwneiana of t.ha •aacuan• are
B

T= /, 184 ZOO 11 tr
D

the same as tha soCket, BJICapt that the wldt.h af· th& •section• bacamaa l/£1 of th8 .... =I= J,9",ZOQ,. 28'-~N.
socket.. The fallowing three prapert.in of t.he section 81'8 found- r; d, ,,.,.,~

a) area Zl?, '80. 1£

b) 1110ment of inertia about the <•·•> neutrllll ada
c) RIGIII80t of inertia about the (y-y) neutral elllla
The fnN ie then cut at aoma paint, thh •ekes u atatically determinant, Md
the IDDRtanta are found using tne appUad loads,. CPc>lurnn
Tha resul Ung aoment.s an than t.reated as s lDad on tna •analvQG&e column• aecUan~ On a I" th.CI<. -r.I!Ce ol th•'s fn:ane,
These •1oade• will causa- t~ for<:•~ ,!>~me -
.L
d)
e)
f)
an axial laed (P)
e bantling moment about pia (x-x)
a .bendl_ng l'lloment about ads (y-y)
(M )
(foJ:)
T
"!fs''-
"r
Using t.hua •load&• and •ma!Mnte• with tha propartlal!l af the •analogous column•
aactlan, the resultlrtQ •etrasaas 111 on thie uection ar• found,.
g) BJiiel strne
"•. i
p l '--
M c
h) banding streaa •.-;;-
M C
l) banding stress (J
y =+ y

The ero~?. secfti:>n 1$ treated as .::~ Fr-4me{ ,

Tf t"s now t:""t so it become'S -statlcclfy cle ermmate

0
~%

• ~ 1.'14& IIUr
· ..-c:c..o.t here

-35.
 A c

f(ll~

•
·I!J,?I.>

-1!{11(;

O
(IJQ)
-B,?Iii
'
ilf".588
,.._

,.

(/TyJ

--·
... c.u. t
......
"---~,v--f ~rom th1~, """ 9et the f1;.21 rvl'!!=fl?i'-: :.~-
-;tgtlcall'f li?deter,'Tl/,'nate frame
,J ;,.:

-r; -stmph'f~ the wDr I<- the f.,/,4,.,,,.;., wlll be u.sed-

A~tt.;,l Ea~ne on &:~nt:l/d'!OU'S

P• ;a(taX~j." YJ,.,'I) + (!tl;,_~:¥9~ .::
aolttmn
~,.f<M-o
B
\Jue v,',tl eomider t~ 10 mch /e.J19th 0~ StJC/<e'f io
earrtt the two ~86.1 000 lb ~orces,
0
•
13end 1~ moment a~~u t

~
I'X-J<) QJU"J

l Jl.l?'tlGta't"'i·$:1S)-tl6.(31,1'1'1l'l.s'2!}i-3.tliU'/)ti(-31,J'I'tt'l.r6~- ~. IJ<II'I) ,_
M... EX rx £1:
I~ .!IO,,ooo
E"I . i:;;;;J
"i"'.U81b
Bendrry moment abo~t.t IY~Y) axt'S
f!1y=-O

(,,871 .... c
I.J I, 200 J"··
= .Att.c ., {1_73D.'@/af'l.5"~'- 5) .:: /S", rBB ./If,? PI')
Oi .:z:;, . OCt; d)/e-..r
''~A>o 14,c ,t2'139+0<) l~..r'(3.o'1!'1) ~ / 1,8'.3
d;.... .r;. stJ,, s In:

tlyz zero

•
. 36.
 A
resij,ftr~') •o;tte:us" or correcir'ue /lloment'S
c
lt m1ght be erguad that the torque 119 tronsferrsa tr•rouqh t~-11 fDLir plorte!l liB co,ecl tr:L:: qo.e, ?JBO e -t 2'1d 320
fallCIIolll"' A 3.l.S' . I

• \!.1r· · ·
'·-·l Za6Q::>6

/~88'1 11>
_Pl. c.
o;, - .:r. ·
_6;:, ?~,Boo F'IS":Js). r2 vd, 32CJ
so.l. s-

ln thb CIIISB we cen trem·fer the two outside farces in tna 1st ~:notvels tc tnesu
·four farces Dy ad~1no the rall['b•lng ta the prPsent Bl'li:llysls-

·r:.cse roncr·' •; •ts 41C llo<•.· 4/.-t·.'·i- .J. t~ t ht' /716f!l€'rrf: of

!i,.. ~,lafrr:>llr1 :1,...-/.',./mrrbnt ·frame ((-ut frQmP} o~
<:.hr:-e( 'I /e. tJ · C'

Ll&.int. the colwtn ~alagy matttad. we CL.rt one leg of"ll:' calcuh.te tne ll:m.tnt~ or tr.ie
aht1cdlly aetern.lnent fr-BILs •

• + 9~.330 B D

- ~9.330

rr:,I:?••J '' 1>acl'

e,, a .,e.tc1.~!,""
·""r '~~ "'"

a)l. t'al had'

p~ 2·~( 9'03o)'91ta)~ 9o~ 380 In
''/'l<:"ilt .P~6Uf /.Y· /)
11.- M'1'1,33oJ9%/1'f,S6jj)1 Ye('19,33tl)''17sY+ /.n 1)= +2,?S,,BOC) /f;J

m"mud t?!oiit l'r-Y) , '

;111 , fz/9''l310,l'9tef·'I.S$:.S)-t~(91,31o}9iaY-t.s::u) .. -~1S'-B.oa. !r.L

•
• 37-
 A c
.
AX• .-...- )( moHment raJiiltl'l mi...rd

•
T
y
CQ. •ses co tn preu tOn or
"'"ll'lt•ve rtM•n
(-f:}
L· /(

:t~;,(tHo<) e ,;, ees ot t eos !!> s,;,..,

ll,.
:ui. (sM)• cr
ll,.

set e&v.a.l

JL).[s•nte•«L}
ll--x sms ~

sin8'.:
eo~B·f
- ·-.L!_-)· (•d
£ ~-r~•~
coso~. + :t.. .
d smo~.-
..t
sr~ ) . x(ech<-J) 1 '( sirr<JI.
cl
r-}(.

o-= e: E t!M"'f~ ,,n~ fo.- pcsiitof' :rl r•u;,

"""' pt'f;~.p st~/km.ln)

no,., + !IIJ'l '" t enSflilt1

t:lrtd- Stqn 11 a.mptft11Dtl

Notloo oo oheet (3) tbot tbo Jan lloJol .,.... HCtl.cm of tbe rtaa t.o1lda t.o -
alodarl.llo, !bLII will c111111e • - portl.ooo of tbo l'lDa -tlaa t.o - · radia~
l.mrard; placiD& tbeo Ulldor ol.rcaatereatlol c_...,.l.oD, eed ot.bor portl.ano Hdia~
Ollt'IIUd, placiD& - . ODder ~ormtlal toael..,
B D
•
Ql oboot <•>• tlfe l'edlt.l.q c._orootllll otnooeo tbrout~J>oot tho HOtlca ora
detoft11De4, At tho bcttoa of tbla oboot I.e 111 _ . l e u tor tbo I.DterDal potootl.lll
energ oboorbad bjr tbLII atraoeed oocu... , !be - 1 nhloo 01'0 " " - em oboot (S),
oooumi.Da tbot tbe mu ooctl.cm (1 !.Deb thlck) rototeo - a b m BD8lo of 1°, !bLII
I.Dtonuol _ . , la oot ~ to tbe -mal BDV/11 of tbo oppllod. torque rotot!JI&
tbi~ tba oamo ana10 .of 1 , Prom tbla lt 1e f011Dd tbet tbo mu t.orquo far o ...-...
or 1 1.11 )201,7 !.nab ll1pa - !.Doh of looatb of rtaa, - · • tbo ootaol lllllt t.arqae
oppll,S bjr tho rp 1.11 602,1 lllcb ll1pa por Inch; tblo - tbot tllo octaol roto\1.<11 u
~ot.oe! !~1:!,; ~~~~:-~ !~5
4 :::.:::1 aUOCWitertmtUl atrease.a are .188 of

U1ln1 tbeee nw •aluu• tbe nerap olrcumfenntlal teDIIUe et.ra•• 1n t.ba bo\t.om plate
ot tbo •IDa 1lo fOOIIIII to bo 11,17 bl. em ahaot (6) ood an obeot(7) tbLII u r-.1 to...,.. b t lf•. ?J'3
o radial fcru of U26,J. tipo, Tbl.a foroo 1.11 n...sad to ot.roao tbLII - ploto to bbo c -1/,,.719
e._onDtLIIl toael101 olroe4v f-d, !be o.,..oopood!JI& Talno for tbo top plato of
tbo rtaa 1e fOUIId to be 829.9 kt.po on · - (8), d -1(••1111

Shoof; (9) ot tbo top, oanol.dora 1 al.aUor raollltonoo otfarod bjr tbo l lCI>al.todi.Dal web
platoo, All of tbl.a l.o .,._~d ot tbo l011v portion of obeot (9) and 1t 1.11 Dotl.cod
tbat- U.aa fGN:u balance oa.t Vff17 QU.

the vertlc•l •'-ar 'Lran1111fer ehCMJ at t.be top of ebee\ (10) ..... to be t.abn 081'11 of
tol.rq nU. At tho bottom of ohoot (10) l.t • - tbot tbo .....,.t \nnofor lll.pt 01111110
o problalll, •-u~ at tllo bott.oo plato of tho liq, !be top f"-- of ohoot (11)
bettor Ulliatratoo tbe problell boo- of the loci< of -t.tnc oold1l to tbo -
pbto of tbo ri.Dc 011d tho tnnnoroo web plotoo, fie leoor fl .... 1.8 a -tl.cm
vMeb 1tOilld prool.de o bettor t.ronator of foroo, .s\1" ;...""'~ _..tn.er
·~··11 ... ----------- ,..,.,2. 11
""'"""~'"
.~,ft .~ rtr-..•
pate~ """''

•
-38-
 A c
pto.te..
.!J c'f.:r~~'.r> k+11/i'l}.+(1:1.'1"1 x: .,'" ,, )+(""' ?.l}i ~ "/. 711.8
® . Ct.~%~;~{~9 [(-"12.J~j\~q"'''-,t..33,,1)t(• m~j ~

© '·'~n:!!\P [~u,.flt+C-:'"'"~·"'·06Jt(.,.,..,,~. .B~/1

f'i\\ C'IB~Yj,.f83) f~m.l'f-:tf-13?,1'fvif2,8l)t{iOJ.Bif~. j.86l (each cJrcum Fe rerrtta I weld)

,fb M3D•Io') L1
J.." J ., • £?D w~ld meta I
or ~ D... -:.tead'l /oad

S"'t the'~ t~J" eQoAQ( to eacb otltt'r

{t)/, ~ .. ,.;t tDr•rAeJ ,,~h ~~P~ of Fi, li;
torQ\lO per {nch o( ctrCL\mfercnce
or lerqtb of rinq 7anfcl'lfl,f.t (emile fence ,;, rtt~ f'/•10 forces
at ..,..p/t'c.at,~n ?P!f l""'l ~tweer>
t· -l ('-?.9'1o) =- ·"~'ls'1{27.'11fo)" 3'().t,7'l ~ of f.:>r::<> force<;
(t...ced kyon" ~tQioon of "','•) (tor"'-"') T~ /.539 F
i'KQIA.f 4Ntt '" 'fl, '65 ,;·,
!lowc•llr Mt •c.i UAI "nit Ur&ue ,, •. 10 ,...,.tNt•) •f"'C•cl sl.3'1m •p<~rt
l = 6t'I.S'"'~ X'43..l'8 irl)
a S"/.3'{ in
• "oz. I' ~~"~ ~<•p

tAere rore thF oc~··e>l t:~f19ular {7;)t,;;trt>ni'.J) t!I'Jd the (IIUSt b~ frQnT ferred D« t
eorre-::.pondr.n<"1 :;tre-~"''S wit/ 1-e F.' /12.~.'/J /flf~ b~ ~ .. itat.le weLd'l.
•
3 ~/."~ ~r ./BBD'/&>f tho~e va/u~'S alread4 used,

B The hon~nta I ra.duil

[
fto~o now 011 ~,,. o,_;/1 ~•.,tht: actual vq/11.e of th~ :streo:>I!''S PIJ.?~'
'"1 ITI"Ii ,[>lopirt:t the vreVIDlt~ value'S bl.j U"'o; foetor .1880'1 ~orce (F.) ,r, th( •·~to'f' piA'te.
of the rin9 rna~ abo be
,, ....... ............
fz>u nd b'l the fDUo wn1'1 Mel !?~a.
'

. ·,',,~~ ...... '~~~~

8.'110~ ~<.'....: -~'\. -loo, ~-. '· >, ~/3.t.Z'r"''

fl.,r·.:>~e at~41 mrmol -stre:.s ,;, fJ•.'·""' ('J"<JI!' iJI~ic ~~

tT rul!'f;auo ~ //. u,'fiiSJ

Now i/?e fRVt:'"J~Itin ,; ,; wfwt rod·.:i.l fore~ {t>dh~r un;te>rm

or concenirafecl) t$ relflLIIrecl to str~s'S tlus ruiq
!o the alxne Pircqm(ererd/a.t (l{oop) stress !
t!"n1ider the top p~te ;n a -s/mi/tu m.:>•mer
/111~ Foru m,~t be tranJnred throv 9 n the
circum fer entta f welds t!onnect thq t hts ~tt"f71 The auerl'l'le eircto(mfercflf ,;,f eompressive stress ,.,
phde to the rtnCJ. the t"p prate ,,:
~?./3Si/8.2_1/,. :t~./0?~ XSI

. 39·
 A These are the ferce~ 4ffllecJ tt:J s~tton d I the n;,9. c
The ~ t.veb jlfQtes r.uitl also d>(fer -:.ome ff";,•:t::tnC'e
to mo11e rneh t". 'II'IS"

f
ll ....

~~·
+
~"" port,on
I :J
e. 'l.(rms'fn.unY.•·IDZ)sin•a•• ~(01.DM(n.tf3t,e3)•mt8'+Mu. 7'1ifl7,f81t.. 18'1)~mtd'J • Jo'f't'l"
boffonr pt:>ttuin _, fbere 1.o o reoe-blo voaotor ot taroo (Ia!? .L klpa) hom \he IIPP01' tlonp ot the rea
bnokot tlorWp tbo 3 tro-.... web ploioo l.oto Ulo U j l - plot.e ot tile rill&. ol111o tho
zf'h('·"""YPl'/.1.1tTJ.)$ir,lfJ'+ M~.l11BX"V){.'-')SiniB''f- f.('f.m 'f"i''/..98'1)r,,lf'l' 'l!.oa~ web ploko oro ,.ldod dlftctlT to Ulo l'llla plato. I dCilt belieVe tbt8 Ia troo In*
oeee ot tllo 1o1m' ploto ot tile rlq. It tlooo DO\ oppoor tbat the 3 web plot.eo oro nldod
to tllo - - plot.e, I - -
- - l'llla 011\wonl ooa bo devolapod bT tbo n• brookot throulh tblo orlUC81 comer,
*
boo t11o rodlal , _ , ot 1126,S kl.po J'ell'llzed to poll

g...f.....-4 ...bt

i
tntsttnq momeqt M..(B)9.21.~,.,.7'C{u~)<l<'-"'l:t'~.ll>?)+(ll2f.H")(",'2o) '31,~:t'll 111111
p
<~ppl1eJ mo1116flt M• fll't,!>'ftt3.~l>8) ... 3o,96'"1ft JtP

B l waulcl 11Uq08•t eome a~ethad of W8ld1r'lg the 3 trii!1Mv_..e W~lb platu tD tne D
bQUDG plate of the ring rnu:Uon ae wdl as to tha tap plate. Parhapa tnla
caula be done before the central and 1nward wllll plat .. are put tn
The central c.reb plllte could tie welde£1 by uetng • single bavll
plac:•l
groove IUI!IIld.

. --,.-~~=
I

I
•
I
I t ·----
·:-:--
I I
• '
r 1 :~ I
I
ll·~·~.f~ 1~ 1 .
I'
'.
I
I

_
I'
I
""11'l.Sil ' I
I
t,aJ I I ''
F•1t'I.S~
L __:_.:_--:._-
I
I
I
I .. __
''
'' ''
,_._:
I
I
l_~~=
'II '--
·- ---
msK
·------------·
I I
h'l"'-' e 1 U 11110Uld nelo to add same harhantd
briiCk.ta lnllde the rtng secUan to
help ln transferrinG the horbontal
r11d1ll farce dF C.2?., k lps from the
flanglt of ttle nm bracket into the
trBI'averae r11eb pletl!la, both tnp
and bntt.am •

.
- ' :J
LI
.. ..'
I
I

l
: ...
I
I
.
I

I
I
I .:
I
I
I
I
j loaJ
I I
I
I
I

L ___

II
1 .
I

'TransFer .,f {,acJ as moment. 7lte llfper /lprtiDntal mclt.;_l

eom~nent pus/res the -t11p plate .r;F tfte rtt1f tit~ o ~1174/ler­
t!irde. The ~wer honiorrtllt rar/ta/ tompon~nr. ent~ tlte
b"ttom plate-:. oF tht: rin9 qnd p<t.!h th~m thtut lorferct~le·

. 40.
 A c
Tht's .re-s;~tinq moment- ez"t 0 re.prneqtecl bq h,r-ce-s (~~
ac.ttnq o:t a di•t.qrrce (e), wilt CO~<H' ~fie- f.,p_,.,, !':.·1
moment at t:l.'l'f 9;,., f"'t'i7't ®

11..,·- Pr cos S
Pr cos 6 ..
M., • F., e." z.]Z:e -. 2.{1:

The SQme re~u·stin9 mtJment &lt (}) ""ill co<~~o<se the

FoJ/~twing t•r•ILe 4i!' point @

a
~ Pr sine
f., • ~b ">in 6• · 2. ~ e
'' \
\
~ c.o«~~ter-t::./ocJcwtse
- --_A_ _L_ ~ ) (+) torQ~.<e

T,;1 " t., e. .. -aPrs/ns

/2. e. e or
-.-
t 111
Pr sinS
•+ Z.{Z

cros.s sectr"n
of. rin'l

B - -- D

4A~ ~eded a.:. iheJ.e IS M reslstt~

0 .S -tor~ue, ,/u::;t rett3t'"1 ~17'(

The same "l>u.pport reacttDn at (j) will cause tl>e

tDI/Dwins torQu.e at pDtnt @

~ M, • t ({i:-) also = f. e
Pr
or ~. • 2.JZ

• 41 •
Up to the point. ® o'" the Jrrst lo• d
A c
e- o -t#} '(,s•
8• 0 it. '($" 0 8 • 415'·~ fa•
,-v•• t-[d s~ns+r(,mB-W)] M.·-ls•ne( d +,21lZ9or)
I
T.•!-[d CDS9+r(~tcM-t)] T.•l ccse(d+•.zllZ'1or)

•rt> "•
• l&SJ!"OIP
To
+ 1811./UP
v.
]0111
-
--
-1192 429.

-- ••z.
-
j_

.
j_

+
7

+
5 + ?
+ 0

8
D
From po•nt® of. the fr.:St load to P"'ht ®
e = '1~· to 9.? 0

.M8 ~~[(1-i}}sinc9. +htt- 4-)cos~ + 'fJ sin 9

orjM... ?f(2.-./2.)sJn9 +{is,;,(;) I lfle•O"" .. ''~in, KtP

mrnrJeJ'lt dta9/12m
To "'~ [tlf- :lf) 51;,h ~- ~)12»e]t .r;C~J&e~ P,f~-li)cosQ t .fl ~a fJ f rlnfJ

or\ 7;. ~(.?. --Ia) el5 D ~ !'j ro~ B-1

l • • . • • • .

-:. heo.~ d rQ.'I tQJn

on rtnq

. 42.
 A c
••lllc.a banding amnent ...... Ui5J. ln. kl.pa

1 1
~~0~ ~ ~1~0n:!..!:f!."i!i
appear to be relatively low.
=
Oft abeet fZ) , I have considered the foraes to be traneferl'ed tbl'cu.gh
tbe two cil'aamferential fillet welds. If we aasume t.he flanges to
!"S.:sett!"i":~o~~o~..::: :o!:"'~:;.,.
~hls
1

work. should be checked.

Bowever, when. ve t.reat the flange as we abould, in that: it deflects
somewhat and 1nUoduoea momut int.o the ad of the shell, tbeD the
'• . . . . ln. klp \ • lO kip . atreaaea ill the shell and, of aourse, tbe connecting welds could
be IIIQCb blghar. On sheets Ill and It I, l have used fomulas from
Roark •a 11 Fozmulas for Stress au4 Strain• Fourth Edition, page 307,
aaae 32. This would indicate a l<mgUudinal bending st:resa ln the
shell adjacent to the fillet weld of 11,310. pal. On sheet lSI, I
have used similar fonaulas fl'om Harvey • a 11 PI'eaaure Vessel De&itJn",
page 14& and arX"ived at: a bandiDg st.resa of 18,400 psi, 1110 there is
naaoft&ble atJI'eemeftt.
GoiAg' back to sheet: (!) , t.here is an axial stress in the shell of
i50 pal. Consl.derlng that the unit luis an applied l<>&d of 4000 lbs.
- 11,500 lba., this would indicate a range in cambined·longitud1nal
stress ())end.intJ and axial) of +18,720 psi t:o -9,055 psi, or a range
of 27,755 pal.
"'mer:zn dimen:w®s
DF- se~t;t<.n If t:heae fiCJUres are correct, I believe this would inclicat:e the .possi-
bility of fatiCJUe ~l'acking 1n tbe shell just: adjacent to the circum-
ferential fillet weld.
'l'he.ae calculations are on the basis that the ahell, with it:s axial
load of 4000 lbs. :t 11,500 lba., is 11upported only by the flange.
IUIOthe.- Jmpoztant question ill fatigue loading is the proper stress
allowable to use. If rc!JU were to use AISC fatique allovablea as a
igU1de, the allowable fOX' the &bell (center tu.be) plate because of t:he
attached fillet weld would oome under condition 30 1 catagory (B) , and.
fOI' 2,000,000 cycles, t:he alloWable stress wou.ld be -
, I o- a 7~~:
•.!·

where K• ruqe of stress := • ;:!:

In t:bis example applied P max • 4,000 + 11,500 • +15,500 lbs.
J' min .. 4,000 - 11,500 • -7500 lbs.
:::
and X - ;U~3oo a -.484
eo the allcWable fat:ique stress would be -

•
U' • i~1~.484l 4720 pal
however, ve found the maximum oalculated atzess t:o be 18,720 pal.
Sheet Ull sbowa """"' possible methods of BUPPMt of the bolts to t:he
shell wbicb will qrea.Uy decrease t:he bending stress in the shell.

B D
E70 weld met-a/

i~ the amverler IS charyed ever'! h.t~IF h,u.r

2x 2.'1 h4u~ • 3'-o dars • 30 ~n szs;''OO c.~
or U$t! ..V~ S'C4 ooo"" t» 2.~01 0t:Jtt:)"""

Pari11:i/ per>e~ra,tt,;n ~ove weld in siJeqr-

Fati9Ut> cDn d r t16n @ CJr o::d:e9or'( ®

1" ~ = 1/,"oo,.,; /e'l! ~... '!/::,~ ~~~ =: 0

lienee 141!!
7"= '"()()()psi
!""rita I pcrrtt r.f,,·,, *when -the rinq is tlite~- 90:
9n'"' e wrtd
'I • ' 37u
'll' I
f: i/,000 7 'I
"the
from -B-
CrDs:s ~ec tu/n
~o -[E]-
l!n<~f711P5

h:J.~ r.~t /f~S 't/,;,'7

and there ,;. 11" lr~fl?it.'!:'1'1'ql
;~ :If". 35'1 shear Dn Hie weld ff"'m ,..,r:un.,,
hence use
beco"se of W~ J<· ~·~ = 0

hence u::.e ~· +Ye' Dr

f.'2." de-ep
.. 9roove
,., ____________._____________
IJ.n &~nal'l<.i!S :shot.t!d te 1114de wr'th the rm9 "7'hts ass~mes ~ n.9/d fla119.e 1 170 d;llecf.-~n,...,
;n other /'0:;/ttdn-s, for e.xQrnf>le t/lt'~<>' over hence ;«s't an tfUtqf 'elnc/ ~pqq/ ,..~rce.
to pour.
flpwe~er flam.;f! d61M del!t?ct' and places ·&I
behd//19 HffJil!lfn't on rne ede;e tPf t-he she//.
tm flte /1f'J(f 5/teefS /(;e ~vi// C'"n-;/der- (he 'Sfrf!,~IPS
on 1/le shell eke to the ·mpvement ~F file f!e~n9e -

-43-
 A c
Use ~ • F"rmu.la1

T~-n
a~ at.''

•
b = 3'1~·
d • 'IZW,"
t. t,•·
II~ ~z.·
p=o

l~li
P = ;s;soolk

r· P =Jc~(:£~) .. 3

r
t~t3a'+s-d·) .. ,..,)' ~,,).+6"('1Zt.)•J.,
T, .. h '(d.·- a ..) (te).. [('fz~) "- ( ·")'] 3. '" 9

j 91. 5" ;n /Psj !ltfe«r Inch

bend u?9 ~ires~

(# M• • ~(t"fl.~)
tr-= h,'t. (t.,)~

~*=

M,..
•
( 11• T,<~-te& f. t )V. +hTtP ·A lit 1'(f -It 'Ti)
;. a r. 11 - 1.'ft.¥t
' h'

ta.)(1./i,9)-tt•sr.(if~)](-/t/,2.) 1- ';..{.tJt.?o) (ls;SDD)- zero

M' ?J,fhf) (k)- '3,'1, IV)
B
lf thl• 1a breaking beciiUH at the lndlcatltd bandlnQ et.HeBIIa ln thtl ahell acJjacent
H t.ha flUe\ wald• parh.- eaN af thll fallowing ldne might tla helpful.

8rac1Cate cauld b8 plKBd bet.an the nanga and

D
•
shall an aacn aida at the bDlt.a.
1<1. • + 18 '1· ~ lh /l>;,;,ch

a;... ..!._ /$.~00 •

. .,- 3 ,(11/j •
t
A S'SO ps.1
A t.hnldad round atack, wlt.h an offaat. could b8
1118lded dlractly tia the ahall and t.ha flange. lt-la

+18,"1~0~~·
ldOUld t.n:nafar the ulal forca aon dlrect.ly t.a
the shall wlt.hDut aa rauc:h banding acuan.

+----·
1~/bs
•/7,(,U1 '

:on the reve>rse qte/e +'~-//.SOO • 7S"CJo/6, A at.ralQt-t thrallded I'DUJ1d atock could be walc18d
dll'tlctly t.a t.l'te shall and thll tlenga. Trtle also
~= + IBI70{-J,'f:6)= ; 6'li:J0pa/ would tiranafar the a:aclal foi'D8 mara dlNcUy to
t.hll ehllll wlt.haut u CDUCh btlndlng act.lon.

A thicker shell aecUan adjacent to the flange,

and tna ahllll could ba uaad. Trtle would grntly
reduce tihl banding atraaaea in \lila raglan.
Far PUtPle, wl tn 1 112• thldc aact1Dn next. to t.fta
1/2• flange,_ tne bandlng at.nas &J&OUlq reduce to
Or .:? ra119e ,.;, '5tren .,f about lt760 pel (calc...lat.lld). Thlt!l 11 lllhV moat
t-. -f,O!SY ps/
'I
r
D1d'S/Je Of Site// "t 1817ZO psi rlangea uaad ln PliPlftQ and pnaaun vnaala have
I. a hpand aacUan.
tns/cie of <t.he/1 -17,1.2opa/ t-. -t'2525""ps/

1 r! 11
-44-
 A c
If 'the crusher ia a\opp8CII ln one
n\lal1.1Uan or e etrak• af 1 1/lt j.nch,
end we ..."" thia la tne IIDIDUnt of
1110veant of the pitman where lt atrllcea
the na1at1ng flarce af a atnl objact
accidently di'OtJtJI!Id inta the crusher,
th.na
Work • F d

Crank le S/8 inch off center ..

Mu:lmum t.hrcw of Cl'llf'dl: 1a
2 • 5/8 inch "' 1 1/lt tnch.,

"..!!!!' '!!!!!!!!! !I! -~!l!£1!.~- ~

r..· W(r,'-r.'l-~t!ll~f~]
:r...· c-1 eo. in lb ~·""
'!1!:!!l!!= ~rnarsv !! ~ fllitz!l!eda•

"_ :r.. 1.()2_ {z•t.3BoX:t~.,l' _

--~- 7 - 2.. -

F(l~irj =- :v~~o,'1~0 ;, fh

F = 3•'St..o, '? 2 0 :: ~)088, 7 ?>&. 1'11.,

lf't

B D

!be lup n.n-...

~pt- .... "" ...-
oapporlburlDp ot . . · - · tiWo - - ..... ~
pl'tMa .. tbe •batt .rot;eta. . . . left, blad. ttcure.
........ -b--·b -"'
~ _ , ot . .
la ~

'rbo toaJ.o plno - u • lllllt Uld olao ...... • ll1liii&SIII - - ot tbo pitaoDo
!be rtibt lwul f~ roP*-
\be ooo- ...., vl\b • eo.....,__. ...... - ·
rod!. . . . lolq\b 1o (r), Tbl.o - boo- a f - bU' 1I.Dialpp ......._ !be - . (I')
11Jlpl1o4 .......1 to lbo ~ ot ~ p t - ...,... nao\10118 ot (P~) _ , _ to \be
- Ollila ot "'" p i -
fie \OQle plot.e 1o - ,.... ._...1011, \btl - . 017 bo - - la\0 ""'
raoo\1011-1 to \bo p t - (I'~)- ~ - · )
.._-, -
- - ' 1o 1 ,_u.
• ...,........ 1o -
toroo ooUas Ia lbo me ot \be p t - ( z. ~ iJ
1tao vl\b
I
z
'fbeoo ""' · - ' " olao - · ' n lbo ap- u4 ot \be p t - u4 vl\b \be -
{ ~)
oq1e
(If} u ot \bo l..cnror

oov oo t.bo -
ODd, !be raoalt.aDt ot tbtllo two • ...,.........

ob.ott wld.Ch • - 1o \bo - • ODd 1o o\Vahod to \be l1;rwoo1.

I
'l'b1o renlt.aDl toreo 1o aoo - - 4WD laH tbo ""' ....,......... - . b oot ao tbo Hllll
obott, - oov Wipe\ \o tbo n.ft u4 ~ 0\bor oov aona1 R' ...U..l \0 ~ outt.
I
'rho v..,-tal toree . _ . . , - ..J.t1plled -.r
ta ...... lolq\b (r) - t.bo \Oiqq
wld.ah 1o aappltod
boa\ will 'V lbo oatt, \b.o ndiol force " - ' -
wappl;r \be _.,... 011 lbo boulaao
DOt. ottoo\ \a ' - •

X, ~r CoS G x.. •- t SIIIM Y~· r ct~1M-Q

a·;. a {+J nllm/)er

)( • ~ l(,+llz.
2. Xa--~
&.

o{~ t!JttBO"-:ujJ-M

F ~in ol
F.,.· Tilii1
a= 73 ;,
t. 31 ,.,.
pe88 ito
,... fa t(,

• 45-
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,.,.ItA/ rodoctl
'SU,«.
e Y, ¢ f r "' ol..
f9:i &iiiii

•
K, ~ 1//t

0 •. r.zsd" 0 .. I71CO~m ~-~~'lffl 108. m<~' ·-~~~~ ~~ .li~ .JW. .1~flf

""'- bow.,..-- w. - • - -Uplled. by the fone appl.l.e4 - 1 w

!loa-.-"'--
•• s8'13 ,tl38 119-'lll.l n.t150 JOII.:IWI l/dl:tt>l'f - ~1'1, ,t.18h ·.IH6 w.

ol-.. . -.
111.1po1M at "-o pl.- (J') """by""' 1oDc'b at tbo ona ... (r) ftPNOoa\a "-
20
'ID
4.0
+.'17811
•. ?>Ia$
.'101 ""''
11'tb3, 52.5588 117.8'1'1¥ •. ~73'7 110'1-ll'lf'/ .·~ ~oMS ~8
.'S'II'6 I '1\5'11'1 S2.81'1& o?.S'I'I'I t.'l~~ 't7. 3020 2'/.0'11'1 • NB't .:l$3
- - ill -t.et~a~ ~ t - (F) oa W. pl-.,

(I.&Wpna) lA t.o dl..U. l \ lAW JJ? . . _ . """--

eo •.tfl8$ ,f.IS! 52.'1115 1821851 t.DI'IWI 111.~ 'IUSI33 _qJ<tl .'IS6(~ ""' ....... -..1 ...~ at ..... 161•Vo.._...
'"''~ W.uplutl.a\eMeSa __ at_lO -\l.pl;r·\hl.a naby
/0() -.1()8, .r..ISS n•w• S211'1DS' lf'/.3852 ·.oB'f'I'T P?.~ltlt'l •"".$11'1~ +,2'188 51'18
·''25 52.81'18 1~1.5'1$'1 - ,.y,r /I?,'JS<fll
tllo
1'10 -.'178&
/liD -.5813
.5'11'
...'IDI? n'IDJS
,.~
'IU~l't

,,.,_,,, 52.5:188 1118'11'1 .·m? 1011. 2'-¥i

S2-l150 l/JB 'M.Ifl ,'15"'-
~Jt!O
JD6.6$'12 ,IMS
III.'IU. .,;.~ .~m
o,o$'111
·""'"
•. ,03'3
I~
e l!eil!lt\.
30 .DI/.
.uso 0 13.tlo:IIJ sn'[qO l!f&m'l ,'I'IDf
181)
"zoo -.S8'11 -,2.138 171.7886> 51.1)61 lii~l .,.,,,'3 ~-~~ :;-.,iitil -.m.L, r'.Wl<l
!...~·U'!'I •l'l'j.2186
"""
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.:1.0
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220 -.'1'188 .'101'( u.s'I'IS ist'J.'l"'IJ'f lfll-t."S ., H7'f liO, DCfl'l 181J.(JI)9$ .M'11 .,ogqu, ';'I() .~
2'10 -,'li)S ,!i'IIJ 12.'W'I'I . SO.'TI'I8 ,,,,~'Jl ,')'111 IIDJ.I'I'I'i ~37~ ,5'1.8'/ 3D'1o ,5'0 IP • -se'ftnerlt ~ .n'f~ rttJrans
zr.o -,1085' -,&.ISS' ~,,,
·!IUh?b JIIJ.IIhl -,ll8S'II 1/D.'l.ll~
·~ .... ·"~'' .YB(,.I ()
,!1_1/
5'1 I": f$ IRch

...,.
280 .IIJ85 -,ltrSS 71.38'16 SO.Sltfl. '116, ' ' ' t.l>i5'11 10.(!'02 ~\1l83'16 ,'l'W1 ,,os7 .5'6
J1L
JOO 'Wl5 -,S'II' U~S'l'l S0.71~8 ·1/!lll'f'l, +,?.'I'll /t/1.?~0.2. 418.8'/IJ~ .()12!1~ .r.'l5'1
*·
zo .•1
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no ~. 581l -,ll'f& I ~'18Sf.
3t.fJ • ·".so (> I7Mil1o
51.%1)4 ,~, •.'IU1
.. 1118. """
51.'11'10 111f.'!_~ .,~~ fl8.'-'11l>
~sw> .'i'W! -~
·~u..o ,'$1{/)'f .3'WL
30
'ffl
0
·''
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t.2
W.,rK=

Eneryy 1n i~<M ~fy wheels

t-,- ~ .5'8
'() .5'3 .f.,.: .J;,w ~. z(U8o.Y.JCU.) •
511 ·'f'l 2. z.
co'ci. )
" " ' · - wolau '""the -....u-1 ill - or ( 2 'lin; 0 'S'i .Q_: 3, 8 60, '12.0. lit·l'"
are pl.MtM optao\ the -11• - - or Ule erut ( &) oa \he ~ """"'- tDO 30
/10 ·'-
IZ.O ,()'f S...t eG!WLI
·~

, t1o 1 F"' a,st.o,qz.o

3,86~'fZO
F "' • 'ill) 'J

1
~-

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B

We wUl- calal&W""' paol""" ot W. llldpOtJd ot tllo p l - ~ tllo aubl.q

._.u.. .,,flH'Uo .au--'-
D
•
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p mao
9 J(, y, x. y, . ~~ 'lr. {II
o• •. t.'l$0" O" '*f,.~ i-ll&'IIJIIO l·l'f.~_H' ~
20 •.fS'I t,?-1'118 -~.'U'I58 1-BL'f'I'IS 1-1'1.'16~ I-'!LHJ8
~0 •.'1'18 ,"101'1 ·2'151.'11 -ea. 3D'!' 1::1'1-5"10 ~'i5l8
(.0 +. ,,,. t>S'II?. I-~IR'I2. -81. ?.1<1'\ ·l'l.lt'f~ ....sm
eo •• 1()8 •-~>ISS ~S'I,, b&,~I'IO -19.'1'111 -'10o8DI8
• /08S •·415'5 1-~rMJ. ~~~
~
/DO 7e>.W~'I2
IZ.O -.~1:1.5 •.fi~l1 141.517.!1 lo'IIS'l 1"1!.'16'1'1 ,o,,I'JZ
I 'I() .'1'188
lhO .. ;s" .,,a
'fl>l'l ~~
-11f,J.S'fl --~~
-'!1._1'1!.1 '10.'181'1
lll.<t'l')ll "''f..~215' ~'1'1
180 •,t.,60 .D... -:&~ -8S)0'8 -lf,qq&J -'f.I>Ol'l
zoo • 581} .0.1~8
~·
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..
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2.8" ./D8~ .415'5 1-%1. 11'1'1 f-111"180 -1'1.6Dfn. ·'11.111.8 7o.rt1a
... )00 '· 3125 .5'113 f-tf,/H'6 •'1501 -IY-'116' "-11..9987 'ID·'fia.
szo .'1'188 ··'!PI'l 1!1-211111 f-1111=-S -1'!.3'f&'l -'11.8110 7D·2li'l~
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thea Yolau 1ft plottM GD U. am olloft. :,of
M!mtt.= ~--,...__·~-'-1-!+t:lf a "'" plt~ua lll · - o.a - .
I.UC. U. - - - -

-~p.~+;-s 11av rworldJtll """"' (1),

vUlllft ...
uolllc tid. dl.otame ot o.a - .....- - tbo 1 lA t.aohN

.
r

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rc~t
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.41At BOOU 'J.., -.D/27'1

.....~
at tMtmt •f hnpae. t""'-
"'' o• 0 ()

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9
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, _ (r) • -
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v. 1Jill p1ft - yoJMo et (:.C:.;) llpl.llot \bo (t), 'hta I.e - .... - - -"
v. ' - - ' 111'11 - •'-1 ...,..,, ..... - ·~ - · (W)
.. ..,.... et ......u. (111'11) vlll-• Uaarll" 111"' \bo -u ....., 1.e ....-...
vlll e1loe - -
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{w)

-6• 6
f1m8 at. t!tstiVI( Df /Jrl~et
tf • l:tme '"hen pitmon - - . to ,...t
averi:l'fe 40fWetr ~loc:,i!'l cJ,.r,nq tlu' ftme tr:
:l.u, ~ o zlf." i 0 , ~ rAciJ.,
w.,. = --z-- = --r- • '"'· ~ '5e

.ftlne t.D C~;me t:t> rest

daitetnce FT4d
'It
t f• Velocity c 12.1~ .l~~'f Set:OPdS

. 47.
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nla.. "" ~­
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•
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u . - ~"' , ..... - lmo Use oru-, - om wo dD - - ' Uf
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-·
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... - , _ . (r) 11114 "'" (r).
1. 11a4~ - -

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llft"'Cpapldel1
wl.l1 i!lft u. -
- - wl.l1...
1 llue liDo-~~ .....
fll 0.01 .,... 'llle
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II - . 11114 - · to~ llol.'lplftaa U.S. ~
- -
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wo
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r1a11. ollwPle.
fll t11o •torill le \Ill
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of
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tbl.e waal4 ooko o · - oeo\l.cll .,, of "" 01111 ~
no... plato ooald .,. . - .
:o'l ."'I Cltanfe P1 1111111entum of tire two U'f 141heels U \be wob plo""• .,._ 11114 llmor plotoo .,.... 3 lllollu tllt.ot. ODd - ODd poDol
ioereuod t.o 18 ~ o\ tllo - · U.S. ...U i!lM u o
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'b" -. V Z,J"ll/D•Ik Z'~ LY> •
'T= A;" IPS th'L , ,,.,.., "'' 0
.I'mp•he =(AreaX'r) •(to:J.'IF,X~.) ·.()~'{ F jf. we anclud,. the f!Antt• t/ltcl:n'i5 fo,.. tlted..ptlr tJf tiP UJe.b
.Tmp ..lse ... Cha'!fe 1n al!tJt.dar 111PPU!'ntam
A ...~ 2( }on ""'~•;,)= '"" ,;,..
"'- .Y. as alitlin , .
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• tJ&.'f F = ~ 1 ~.as?

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"S/IIt4('' AIIDWt116te. 'T''"·'Ic?by .. ,'10("-«<Ipsi)= /'(,I(()Op'SI.

•
F=
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Jltbaap tllo .._.. • - • II ~ I dGD\ IMilleoo tile - wU1 buk1o . - U.S.
oboeUl.lll-- lood.

• 48-
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ro fbld tho _ , ot blertlo of tblo

eombtaed aeetl-., ve ehall. ue u 1
Nfennoo ado (.....,) o llarlaoot.ol llllc
""""'ah tho - • ot tho web plato.

A y M•AY I,· MY r...l.

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I.onsitwllna1 - Ill !Wet Velda1 porallel to tile azlo of tho welda

f.~ v~~·•a,v.). t'7o•('IO•Z'I.~'/tl'l.l~·ze,'ll) c 2. I2.S' r ,,.,

1
T~------------~
>I
•
'fblo -
n
oroJ oUFtl¥ Ill.,...
'l'l,f.'I8(Zwof4c)
••leo
tar the la>aitladblal olloor oo tba nllot wold lA \bl.o
_ l e , 1ll.ll oot obmp tllo ronltont lllllt toroo •817 lllDb. rile lea ol.oe ot tllo
tlllet veld. wCillld not ln01'88H.

8 D

T
h'l'f'

Tbo les ol.oe ot tho !Wet wold u """ - 117 dlvl.diq t111o N811ltont ..,l\ f - ot
1
b,67 lr:lpa ,P81' lbloor lllcll 117 tile wold aU-ble,
Far ataaciJ loadbls aDd 170 •ld metll1 tbo au-llle u (,30)(70 kal) • n kal

ar 'f.&7"t.td._ ~15' o/i •

tu•(.101){11k~l)'' cr "'
but bocaU8o at tho 2 lllcb tblok tlanp plato, """' uo @
FOr tatliue load&• uaa tbB "'al.UII prod.d&4 "1 the AISC.
• • • - 1000 000 oreleo, tlllot wold aOlldiUOII (JS) parallel oboar, oatoFJ7 (F) llld • I
fWot veld conditlan (37) tooolan tnnavene, oet1FJ7 (0) wW oGDVel. 1 1;,.• 15'~1 @ veld on oolli:ID vitbbl beam oaaneotlm
I'""''-".
a= ..,,.1..- ~aaM!,{U2"}'&~'1\.Io)
rn. {,.,.,. ..... • e.o'f .,Ill
k,.
Ct...t not tD e~J Z.l "'I)
to tbu .,., be .-blod tba - · ...u tor-
A pDI'tlcu at tho - tleop tone ....t be trmofOJTocl
or U5e@ -all t;b1o wold wltbbl tile dUtoooo d............q,.,
Tba •-bldor of thlo rarao u - - dlroot!J'
Into tbe bartaGDt.ll atWeaere.
f. • F ~ 0 dfo• li&.!.'l•z\ ..,~(p
""' A...,• .....H "" (1849 ...Z.)fZflO... J) • l 'I I
.. baaed - "" averaae ot 3 eyoleo pv hoar, 8 boDzoo, 200 dQU, ODd 20 roora. t.bt8 1a a ualt. 1'oroe Cll tbe veld. of
.... Jm Z~'l•
~·~~(, ' "
..... ~~·II'

tho roolll\orlt Wilt tone on tho Weld lo

~.·)f:+ ~:. Jr..o''+ r..C.l1 • 10.'1{, "'1,;.

tho les aloe ot tho nllet wld lo

. 49.
 c

I W II.•"" Ar 18. 8 /p
I,~ 83!.. ln4
2

•
b .. d A z Jlf•AZ I•MZ I .r, ~.rid f'l"pert,es
,
If If(
:17,.
1./)0
s.oo
c.
J~
0
B.IZSO
0
/3.:1031
I .J'{()i.
~~0112.
of ,;ect,;m
WT 8•3'- k= 9.41 inz
~U..I S.oo tl.lZSO. /$"."1'17'1 :I;"' 'I 8. 3ln4
y=- 1.13 ill
c,• 1.011..~ lfl• /,?>"'I •n
Co' '.ZS-1.~'11' l.iS"f in

~dlf1 f /lever 6e.a, {oi.d mo.qrnrun Jo,d

M# PL t.r"' ~ ,. 1¥-- "r p: r:; en beam Wllo•"'~
A
18.9
Y <llst.u.:e
/'1. 3 S'
M•.AY
Z4"l."76 3B1l31j
I..Z:.•i'IY l.:t<
83(,.
e:~//e>w&~.6te ost~-s ASI'I Steel (f!Jenciii!CIK ftmpereJ) d;•totJ!rSI
WT8•32. '/.Ill 0 0 I 0 1,..~
"TDtttJ Z.8 .Z I U'l-7 .. I '1'15'£!."/
,-=.ti.' ~r· [.r,,){toox~l)" tJ.(, xsi

P.. .a_.
J.. G.
~ Kst)(~<.'1tO Jiif)
"6.0 in)(/. 8~ i~
" '1.55'" .Ale> V· lf.ss"

Vo.Y ll'o"X"·'IIIo'l'I.S4in) 6 ~<.'

hortaqnf:-a{ smr f . rn. l'-'':s·~""'•)li-1....)" s. '1 '"/liMtr tnelt
Alloo.u... ble -sheQr orr J~in ch4nrett'r p/a9 weld l/!0 WFiri l!'e!o:~'
F = {l~"qV1r po•IIOO<'Oi): 2"1. 2S' I<•P~ lot!f SIZ, ,.f ~Wet weld w ·~.!;}17!c)· .2.~'i or 'At Inch
Bot. hooao.. or tho , 71$ !Deb t.bl.clr tlaop, aoat - @

B D
•

I,..= 'lfJOO, in'~-

At ceMe1"llaao tbON · - t . he ........ vel,d to t.r...fer 72,67 kip, there u a vold at.
tho top •• v.U •• at tile bottom at t11a bozo, h811Ce ...h veld baa )6,]4 kip. Clleck bend triq :!tre s ~ in bea lfJ •
Aoouoll! • leacth at s lnchea or veld, M" (~o in'f.7S t<i11' = "'SOO tneh l<•pr
34.l4 olp • c _('15'00 in ~tX s1Et ...~
r ~ (·707){11 ~1)". ye<r II'/• e>r
- M
r- ""':- 36'1.~ tnor " "'·
<>
0
•
"''

Thti t'.l Above the yietJ 5iren1 th () f A 'II.( I steo~l, hence

At. - b 811111 tho reaoUon
bot.t.cm, md oOilld uoe
•
u hoU or ti!U, or 18,17 ldp on oaob veld, tcp md
· ac.counts Ft:ir the hell!ltn f'tt'lti? a/ermcment /Jend
occa<;;/on.:rllr. Thtr wou.ld no h&~ppen /f the
beam were marie o" t () F A S/1/ -:,tee I lif_u.enc/111d
and tempered) since tlu"s ht.l:t a /(){) ;<SI ttield stren'jtQ•

• 50-
 t!!D~tld also treo:t as a ltne
c
't= ~
~

~-'f"t .. ¥ where C. •
J= 2.
Dm
r • f).O r 6!.,

li>t

l
Treat 1t?9 tilts sectton crs a t?;e IJ,.,)..~1d (t)
a .. 3 t bm y-:f(.&.603)b,:: .S'J7'JS L.'t1 Check. colu.mn 1n bencla~

T:;;- r!,SD t b;
.J>Jf'{.&,a3}'~-~')•Ji(,U603.XIZ.z<t!.//,7/~" ~,I?Z. in+
f.b= Vra. Y,.. (.8660~) V_ • 3 lf~ll 1 Y
2 2.6"bm - bm M·(~«<I 1~3~n)• I,~OO.~m 11-
tr= .t!Lc,.fJ.BOt::!.oooYtz.29). /o, zoo pru'
I 2,172.

8 D
chec.J IPnr/tudtital sheor from !Jend/;,_, -
~ _ 8(. B~)V(b!-b,') • B(.8,(,03'f.Str~:~'f1Z.Z't!ll.11')
b- 15 ( 1>:- b;•) I!J ( ll.Z'f"-1/.11")

ch~c/t hnp/t-udrnal ';fht!!4r fmm t~rS/i:Jn-

r • 'f 'T • 't(~DOO., 60) ~
lj, .. b~ + b," " n.ztt'+J/.11'

Tlle unit -sheor foi"C.e 1.. it: where t{b..-b,).~o3 rep~"t, trecdl;.,fj sec'tton as a ;,;,e
' " l..fio t:b:.· z..so(ft)~t)'"" 21'-D
,;, ...
~= (!.sea. ""o :(tz.zq) = /P, ?oops,·
:1 16C)

hn9;t'11o'tn¢1 shtu2r from Jt!!/Kitt?<;-

or
f. • lB'~ 3) Y. CF%o3)(.rooo) " l'l 0 lA;,;,
b l.fi 2.~( IZ.)
.
IDnf/~~tdtnal ,h_r ff'l:Jrn
cthe sec.t:/6n a.s a
cou.ld trea.t /me- tof:s,;,n-
...... d on .. he- flcow)
1--b,.--!f
where A = area t.ui thn1
med1on = z.sqa ~ ,,--- ---, \
L
li • s: 1
T Sl>OIJ• 60
q' II! • (1.191. )( rz-)"
: jf Ol

I
,' \
'
I \
T ·, \ ,)
\

. ~-----J
,/
,'
'b;,;,

-51 •
 A c
a" Z.'II'IO (b:.-h.') Cl-= tr(r..'- r,·) ~rea held !J'{ we/Js)
.. (b~-~'")
y =•S"/DZ, ( b;-1!')
~~~~ ;-r;') _tt{r,...+r,r. tr.•)
(d,stance between C6

:C= /.B602 (b:-b.')

1nertiR D{ whofe sec:tl(;n
V = shet:tr df'plterJ to member
t:~f tll!'s (l~U
and Mil. of w/,p/e sec ttlfJn)

!TII)ment of
_ / Y =-,'IT(r...·-r.· - 31T(r.:r,)
~
"'"-

I=
{d,\Uince betiAJeen c.c:; ,( t!lr., an1:1
and A/.A. of. LVht:~le sect1~n)

~ !Drce D.!J. welt!- fn:~m benrhrlty
I~ per hnear inch of weh'
;rcr. ~-r."~).
( /lii)ITietrl- o~ lll~rita o( ~·;!,,k, :·1';·l.~)
V• shear appluid tl> member-
•
/pnep"tttdtOal shear force on .Weld
(each wefci)

I
.------,
F= Vr 'l2..Y
..1....------'-
I
dt.te "to bendto/,
Jl,.s pjr lm'enr tnch of we lei
(2 welds)

Tre4 t ~~ this sec. tto'n as a hne (bm) ami(t)

a., 'It A, yc. ?BBSJ b, I= 6.11./8 b~ t

f.b· .._____v
• 25'5"<;7
b.,.

L.emyita d11ia/ ~ ~ 7ira...ea B

where c ·.H"3" O .. t b.)
t• I.Z.t:J71 (6.-P.)
J= s.?~"'~" ox-b.') T Uar.)

The u.nit ~hEttr f-orce ,., T "t where t· r..-r;

c. T(r-..t-r.)t v T(r;1-r,)l"-r.)
't 1r(~;.4-re"') 1t Zr.;•- r.¥ or

Treed ,,;9 f/le -s,u "tt~n 111s 1ft ltne -

where c.• r.,
f • 'T'"t = If..! where c c 1. so,s? b,
i J

T 1.'30€.5"? b, t
f~"' "· 31 3"' b! t ft #1'". 1:" Tt-
2:tv r:,
or .,...-£--t-.-~-T-r-:r--.
( : • /lfJ60 T"
l"t b·.,

er bcase d upon shear- ~low

•
•.•/dl 'let the '5a.me result U.'i111'l

. 52.
 A c

lA +
....-----"\
\ ~
~~-- tl.ltS

"=:: .. ,._-: __
center "~
Clir~at.irE' -..1

Ths banding atraaa at env polnt (r) tn a sacUon af a curvad memttar ta:

center o~
1...3rv4tull!'
---ol
r.· ~(1.Z.Alocj.li)·~
T.i r;

b I .

.C==~~-r,..D
l r.-
r, • radluB to inner f'aea Df IDBIIIbBr (and GU'tBI' fibBJ' Df inner plata) ®
ax/a/ stress
d.ii=-
F
A=
ANMJ00/1.
.2'/.tr,;,.. =+ /
3,;j,90 pt•.t-fensmn}
.10 • radlua tg outer face af member
·r..._ ... radius to tnnar fiber af inner plata <!)
r 8 • radius to neutral BJtla
r .. radius Ul center af gravity
9
c • distance fi'OII nautral &Jt1a ta point 1n quaatlon
c 1 ... dlatam::a from neutral uta ta inner fiber af 1nnar plata (!)
c;L • CI1Btence frcua neutral ax1a ta outer fiber uf inner plate (!}
b .. width of the lnner plate

B D
I
I
lcmterol
.~
4
benduiq 5tre:;:.o;:, an bac.k 'S ,.cle
I
o; .. M(t;-r..) ~ {MtwJo•Pf.'i8s'JI'I•'IS'- 3-4/.L - /Z,S'70ps•(t!1Jmprl:3SIM)
1-r---l ll(f3·rn} r. ('.9,2.!lJ.'-'·3.(,1Y.IV.1S) -
r·r01 il--l Tot-41:: t 3:190- n.. !i?O • - 9,'J.BO ps/ fcomprPSsron)

Force 1n inner flo.n9e diA.e io bend inq

F= A7r,"-r•} ~ ltt~,e ~: - (r,;r.)J

or

Tna radius <r,) of the central effect af thia force (f) 11-

rF·
Z(arb dr) r
:E .r~b c:lr
F ... {t'frt, ~00 x. 71Z)"' /t/)~1 zoo lb

The Clanaminator is the total forr:a (F) SJtd h88 bean celc:ulatad above, BD 1 t
ls anlv necusary to calculata 'the nuaaret.ar, and 1t la-
center of 9rtll'l.t'l oj: tl11's force

~r
P~ fi~~ r~ r..(r...-n)J~i ,.... ) (2.2f"'-J..rL) ~ /, 30/
• _f:!1k_ {_n.-r) dt r • ...!::!..!_) (r,.-r) dr .~ (r.r--ra\ ... ' \ 1,,, (~.2S'•I.S •
) --e.--
A{I;- ra)
~n
r A£r,- rn
~~
A!!i•rn) 2 /r•rt
'"'G r, 1.,.5l..cr.~~-n) ·?lz. -:vz:. /.827"
rt
~ [r.( r~- r;)- r"';z.-r,J
...A(r;-rn)

r;,(r... -ri)·(¥/
so r,'
r. lo 1 *- {r,..- n)
or

- 63.
 A c

•
Y• r., c:os e

F =- P(4 + r;. rl)ss) z

d F• PZ (- S/n t9) c:/!)
lu.t n• r;, e ar~d dn= !;dB
c = hnF ~
18 a a
dF c
r,.dD
PZf- Stn!J) d6
r,. de = _ .fZ... .B
t; '5111

-then p,.. ..:.F...;.A.:..(~r..J..,-"r.;;.=)'---=-----=-

(<t +rn)b rn '·~e ~- (r.llt- rt~
B
Moment •r•• diatanca l:l•tw••n nautrel

-''II."- r. e.:o,,g ..
Bending IMHnlftt ~~pplhd

M .. q~(n8'~in) ..
H
to thla
1

~::rau
•d• end appUcat1an of laad
4 ·-9.1,3'~:i5'f• .. fi!/,'B6<.t"
a.cttan, uaumlng • 9

?so,7e inch t<iP'

k.l.~ loM
D
•
sub si:itu ti!: tlu$ Into the Formula tor (f"s)
~,. F Sth8
s {at r,) r.

$/nee mqximum (f,) occur:!> when

this hec.ome<5-

(b<~ th welda)
r,• r. (r,-fi)- ~(r;!-r.'). '1£3{4\-,t..)- ~ t~'-("'1.), =
ra IDfc ~- (r.t.-li) 't"3'"-k- (c.~-~~)
Thla unit ahaar farce ta figured along the axta ar the cantral afhct or the lnw.rd radial untt rer.:a an walda (2 flllat wdds)
farce (r, ). It rtq:JI'IIB&nta the dlfferanca ·tn the rtanga ron:a (F) whiCh awat
out as anaar (" ). tr the conn-.ct1ng WBld 1a nat located exactly an tnla
t:Gia8
axle Cr, ), than tn1a value nwat be adjusted because of the difference 1n the
or l'Blu• f.• .L.13.00t
r. '·'-'-'llu~ • nn
'l'f'l"''
length the weld. If (r•) rapreaanta tha
thla un1 t anaar farca IW&t be lrlUl t1pl1ad by t;. )
af tna connecting wld, than
r., • ----·-··- ------------
Thia unt t r1dhl farca would CIIUae tha fall;~wtng a Una an 'lha throat ar
these flll•t waldl'
;(8.:1.~ liSt
and (both wslds) JB.fj(,
l'i.l'i
II. '32
This value wound tnan ba divided bY the n~r or welda. lfow check tha longltudinel shear on th . . . fillat welda.

£"&1.111p/e~ F • 106,2.00 lb. r;.•z.u• {~ld a.t ( oF Flo.nge)

•
__E_.. /0&,,2.00 /b"S ,. tt2(oO ~· (l.oth welds)
f..-£cttl'h)r., (l()'t'at3.,t)z.2& -. • "'

or f~,. 1,630. ll>n;, ea.ch weld

. 54.
 A c
Tho - - longl\udlnol ollou tho OIOldo W1ll DC- 0' 6 'llfi' olnco tho
....,., aa \ha £1'1111 uc\lan chana•• ura l'arl1dlv t'lua.
Dn o
111 figure Ill , ,.. -.t.ce ~~ tile applied -ill!l -~ 1111
aau... a U..olle fane IPI l.D ""' lowu' f1U19e •
.F,·. ~0 •r..(tJ) .. '1.2.0 ../ill Beoauoe ~ flange 1e ouzved ltlle - - i o o 1e cuzved), tbio
tn11 111111 lncn... VII pnutc.,. atran•• by zr.s. U..oile fOJtce ...,.... an 1mlud J:adlel 11J1U f - If.,) dine~
· - u d tile -~ of """"tva ·m be ~ed m any oecUoD of
tile fleDge,. He figareo 121 and IJ).
The tallawlno la..,. uw appll.c! an ttl• given era•• ucUan:. 'l'hh 11J1U redial fOJtoe applied m a DDi~ width of tile fl8119•
F t • 5.29 kltl8 fiiS'DI tl'8n8VII'. . ta UCtlan 11• vide), figure 141, . .,.... U to defleol: deOIDwud lndiaUy
F1 • 1.28 tlp '••co PVOllol to oocUon l.D-l ao a be... 111 oo doiii!J, i u rodiua to tile oeo~u of
can>a~uu will cbaoge al01>11 tile width of tile flU19e -.l1II!J to
N ... 250.8 ln k lpa _.nt ebaut n.utr11 u11 ar uctlan tile deflectloo """"".
'l'lle canual pc>J:t:ioo -111!1 - ll.Dwudl will ...,... tile ndlu ·~
Aalal litr••• an MC-t.ilm- tbla pol.D.~ to decnopa by tile -~ of tile deflacUoo. IU radial
oual.D will be E • ;r-.
_.
0
Ft- _ 6",z<'ll< I..C ~a 1'
""' Jr" - '1.5"1111•" .. ... ~~ IU oual.D ill the auaa.f- OJ: UDge~~Ual dluotlOR will aloo
be ~ to thla -~. By ll\llUpli,.iii!J tbla valu by tile ~....
:~!:·~~. 1:1.!;!.·~~,.:: :t': .~~~!:i~ :-"'..!!!"u...
cbaDgo iD oUaoo 1-reUiOD) will CIOCJUJ tllenfou, tile l.Dl~ial
uoalle ·~·· iD tile fleDge iD tbio h!lioD will daoru-.
to tbla ..,uple, tile oot;ar edge of tile fleDge dofleol:o _...s
l o a - ) , and iu J:..U.ae g tile aeabJ: of OIIZ9&mu wUl l.DOitaOH,
pJ:odocio9 • paaUhe auaio eod a paaUiYO ~·• cbeDga l~ile).
'l'lleufOJ:a, tile ioiUal UDelle ~- l.D ~be fleDge •~ tblo h!lioD
will 11110raa...
Ae a renlt of thia auip of ~ fleoge beadiDg ae a beea, then
will be a uaa-ae ~-11• ouaao 1-111!11 ac:roaa the faeo of
the fleDge, being -~.oua •~· the - of the fleDge ju~ aa l.D a
olaileJ: - · Aloo, tble ouip of fleo9e acUOil u a - wUl
J:OUb ltll a~ ""' pol.D~ of euppoJ:t:, tile fille~ wold m tile web. I t
1o tblo J:OUU011 nleb - u - tile wold.
'l'be followlDg will belpa

Ill If tile fleDge could be made thloku, tlleoe ~·-• eod

-~wuld-.
121 n - l d be po. .il>le to ..~ tile web plebe iD oli9bUr to
• paiD~ - " • thb _.al.u rouUoa •~ tile tl8ld VD\1ld be
ouo.

8 , We/Jed 2. '"Tiin Prets F~me D

lfoOO Jb<.
2~ ®-------------
2...,

-t
~--m~q-~tr,rtl"T-~
I' \.,.1.:..
L~Lw-·1~4l chect v~rtte41 seetmn (i-i)
r, • .,, ~"
~ett• of cu.rwd'"'rl!
£A 'A/'•
Z~t 3~''
r.· .:r(I>J..r.#-)"' z·:..·~ 'Hf=
benda01 ntm- IDMr ~

~~
'moment" di<><tram
at" M(r.,-r.) • 2000 lb"Zllt'):''I.Z,!.z,n1
A 0;- r,) re '·'~ ~s--~z&) z.1s

-55-
 A c

r,· ?.$"
£A
1"""£11(~~)" z,.,..ZfO li - '·
.;!ll.t.,n~
~ -
37"

&Jil U!:!.u
F ZCJoo lh
DO.& A= .,,7f;- /p'L " .Y~o. P'/

ehecl<. buck/1~9 aF back. Stdf'~

'fdresa-
- /S'-/0 ps/ $mp)
+ '120 . /
"!Dial - 1/:J.Opsi(t'tJmP)

~.,\w'n ~I. 3{..,

B D
•
&.~mprnsum
~1
~a·?"~ CJ>mp/'Y!IJS,;,n
i '-i I<-
ol..= 'Yb" .%ra= z. "
0

$t11Ce
. IT
.ac. =,. tr,. we 90 -to step (l)

® ~nsert 11alue CJf. ff /nt-o Formulct ®

.. Dj. (f!f-r- • r~3·,o'X3.3z,.,., 4t ,., aoq ;

tr~ ./8% ayz. t(ff}'- .1836(s.3'Vo~)~+('-3Z.wto")z. 33
' ps Shear
dt'octrom
and cr/tJC.a/ 6uckl1i9 'S'trc!'S3
r.,: &cr- ,.. try
Fr-om f/11~ 1 we wou..ld e.xpect no

•
anws ua./ 6uci hn9 proi$/em-s
Since
tlct"~<~al aompnesston 1~ a/Jout s;8"8'0.ps,'
a/sCJ the tank w/11 st,f{eo thr; t-e9/on.

. 56.
 A c

® I
ru 1
'h
~.~r
'·l~
~""'

~~" encl pfo.tt> l" iMid<!' plo.te

... nit ~=e en weld uno't force on welcl

( • '13'/,l ~ c
r '1•1?in
"
•
'I Kt .
m F• ~:\~: = I.'Jfl«tin
'l'be vvt1aal - " ' force ot 417,1 kipo "" the left, eater a tile web
leq st3e o~ f<"U..t weld (E10) leq s,-2 e of frlld weld - 1 41recUy f,_ tile 3-1/2" tllld: -
l/2' verUaal fillet -ua.
plate tllrough tile ot pair
w= t:..'?>t

or
•tw. .. ••ns.~
.7o?{:lt~<~o)

...:~e Y~' ~
W
/.75 "lm
= .70'1{:1.1 K~l)

bu.t becQu.~e of l" 1

c
•
.
II B on
•

1.1~e $)r.,' 1:1,

:!f:.~ =:=J:-!t
'l'be 2" l:biclo: :Lnll14e plate appl1ee a vertical alleer foroe of 129.1

already 11110 a verttaal

7.'beae boc! va1uea a44
~~~!.Cirtoo~':f;ll~~:f.f~!!:!..
toOau of 337.5 kipa (oae-Mlf of 675 k:Lpel.
417.1 kipo.

B D

I
v_. 1&6".'1!'
..:::. TT
n!
'(.
.t;
;::
L, ..,., ~ ~

Yli'
F,• ,3'1.2"
------- f t
F•.2S't.2" v·t:.?sk
~ web plAt~ t... ...
~
•
~

.......
+ ----- ..... -
"""' a SJ!I9~ ,.

1
I ";:a "' II"
.., po.nef ~ ...
N
... ...;
'1-
• " •
i::} ~ ~

~«--• a·va· ____,., t TT -

v . 18( ..
~·

A y fiii•AY r._•MY ra
"'"'t hom.potAI shear ferce on {.,'1/et we/J heiMu::en flaage A wep 3~<.'
'""''
,~1·· )'Ill,'
G.3.00
'ILl ..,
815"
~o.~?>
SS'.I1S"
,.,.,'J,qi.!
'IS.ll't
30~,,.'t8
/&•..0'18
Ul'f.'i S'
, v, 186: G• • .
?.•:~.'f•11'4' 4o..:lS" :t31'f.~'lS" •nrnsct '.IA."\'18
r,•-r = ~· 1.~0 ftro 5"'1,5"0
/'jS,OO 3867.<I!fl ~~~'I~0."-8
l£9 .,.,;.e of fitfd ,.,,.JrJ
M _ '!S67.'1l6 .. .. ~,
?.20 "'in L18f!i'
IV= .101 (2.1 ••I) "" .-, ~r U)e Yz" 1:::.. Nfi•A"'- /"ffi,OO r
1 r••-

J;.A• l:t:r"i-(rVA)M• n~;J'IO.:l8-~'f.'i'&.(3f387.'138)" ss;'J."'/,~7 in+

c.h<!'c../( ?heo.r ,t-r~s ,;., web
+ :b. 180.'1"
' = A .. =
.. .
ll,'•l:l"te". I ··'-0 K'\1 Hor;:.ontal shegr pf fitlst "'"14 befwetll tti!l (/sOfe t11nJ we6
: 'Y:r.. y J~3~.l•Y:l•?.lo.'•n""'J'ao.'!J') • .,,"' '3~ lltm
d WO';Lid be we(/ t~ keep flu$ w.•'tlu~ '1'•,'10G, -.'lo{'!t~)· l"f,'-/K1i
<>tlrt:rw,.e i{le reo.oltlll? oil•?"',../ cDMptrn_, mtVbf <»ucr t-./ti""'DF- ..,..f>.
f (No..,woool>) {n, 'l.'ll,ldt'J.'I .,etch)

a I" tluC.!< we6 pfa.te w~ ... td d" thts /~"' ~tie 3

w= ,1D1(11KS1}.
"·"' "of., • .ll'J.
0
7
V. J8tio'i~ '
"i"=~= ~· 1~,<(0 1<!>1
b~<t bec:,.u,;e ~~ :l~" t m~<st u.se Jz' ~

. 57.
 A c

,,.I oendJn9 stress (Jh ~nner s~rhtce -

/~6GOps/
I

/f. thts were a st-rru91Jt hee~m

.,.. = _,111_ ,. N>t:i I( 96
S /,J2.7
= z 2 .n::> rw
-,.

The. re~d~1is IJf. the ~nt/ffl/ ef.fect of fh1s force ,S-

t; = r;,(r.,t-lj·)-~(,_.~-li'): /,033fS"Z-,'IIJ)-~{.5"Z\Y•) ","lot."
F t;, lo'/a ~ -( r.~e·Ji) ./$'}

8
~o---- 3. o• .~· le-
I
trl d1a/ fore e on t-he two Sl'cle:J. -
I
I F.. • F
r., ~
H'/0.
m 73 u7~ 1J'!117• (;t,.,o stde"
•
• )

I or fr = 3'70 ~'1,;, {1Jpe :uCie)

I
I t'Ats res~.~tts ;n 11 17!1dllil shet:~r st-,_3 of!-
I .....I "' ~~~
"t- '• .IZ 30, 6oo ps/ .. ~
?1¥11~
fvce
I
1.-- ""'~
chec:; l~n'fltud/nal s/tf!!4,..
ass um~ r.; • ,.d,/is t~F ~ oF mner fla'19e •. Y''"
r _ F ,. 33'f0 ,.. 7 S. J~· (1:.- de)
r-,.- (a+t;,) r.. (9'1"/.~nY,•i') WI s1 :s

or I,=- 37.s- lbJin (one s,.'de)

this res11lfs Iii 11 late~~:~/ skt:lr sfms of -

..,.. = it. a?,S" ,.

-t = --:;z:: 3/0 p•,.
..

L o~ ro.duis

•
center
of ao.rvot11.re

. 58.
TORSIONAL MEMBERS A {jf c
.s Dl'f
~~... J
a "o"-.J rJ
~~S" oil
; o....
·E-J.-
~ J.i
..r·-1
...~o__,
:!r

a lLl
7:= T.· D!.
-~
~
b L ~

4,.-l;a+~'td)+ !jet
T. _-T, a -{latb) - ia+b4Cl
d- L
e-T•bH..a
,.- E,R
e' ,E
£.R

8 D

·A • ena enclosed. vlt.h.lD. MaD di_..lCII

\8 • tbi- ot oectlCII at ·poW (a)

a •
1• •
eL
=•
~ • shear 1tzoe.. at potnt. (a)

t.orelcwael rui.lltuaa,

••lon&Q
~:-=~':.~
....,wr llrlot, n4lua
or-..
sJI
aheer n...& n,.• PIJ.IIlbcr o~ ltnq,h:dialll
a ttant..erte mem••ra

T ·d·
d R=~
l. b+d
.~r~l:,.(T.<I,!R,)+.ji J;,(ml,+R.)l or A" ~ ~[.:!!._+ ~1
A, !DE,J;[ ~r,t.+JII,I>,U,+il<) ] 4,- 1,SJl E, I, Jd
~·>or, f~ l~.sz, + R,) 1
l u:,(n:r,.a..)+~ild(I01.~i;lj

._ If nBQlact d8fbct1on due ta bending af elda end end memb•r•• ::t'• cD

«-.tr naglect. at.lrtn••• dYe t.o \.Qnlonal nelatllf'ce ar aide and end Ulllbar•• 1.,•0

-59-
 A SullaUtutllog t•> into fai'IIIUla (6) we get c
- F; ian B- F sin cc: + F2 sin (/) •o G)

•
Taka foi'IIUlae (5) and (7). solva for (F2 ) and sat these tlllll equal to aach other -

F L"OS o(.
cos; ®
Fit sin tP " r3 tQn I!) + F'>ino<

Fa= ~tan 61
t~ ®
'Sin~ sln¢

-F-.
(!05 tfJ
+ F t!.OS
cos ¢
b(
:::: F, tan&
sin¢
f F sind-
sin¢

This is the tall g~~te of a trtJck. Aa the 1111terial is dumpeo into the tall
and or the truCk, this oate ls pulled forward by No hydraulic cyUndan and
h{- c~¢> - ~'f: $)
forc:n the material into the truck under prea Sure. Occaaianall y a solid

_J~:
DbJsct b8CD111118 Janned into the f'rllllll 1 8118 left hand elde, Blld holds thia end
of the frame fi"'OA I!Dving further while the other end conUntJas ta be pulled
forward. The h""raulic cvUndera are capable or exerting a force or about
lO,DOO pound&. This subjects the frame to a twisting action. The rnme la
rather fluible ln regard to toraion because of 1t 1 a open J tleam .sections
and flat plate, hDWJver 1t does have Iii 6 inch diameter tube llllong it's
F,•
length &nd thl& contributes almost entirely to \he torsional resistance of
the friiiDa. Thls torque therefore will be reeiated almos\ entirely by this
tube, vet 1t alone doea not have aufflclent atren;th to do this.
Leost;
and
o•
F, f3 tan&
F { l'osrA. tan~- s;no(]
tan tP + tan t9 /j ~
F coosa(- F3
~OS rp
F,
Fs- s/n I!)

E)t.arnple d=60"
!- = 30. 00-:J s 'S
9
:; in a.. • .S"4? ::>tn
0
¢. , . ~IWd
/tJ.
';_l•t:;'l • /'/;)6
CO'i.r).• , 8660 t!os¢• .t736 tafl6 • 19'1'/
icw~· S.6713
B

Po1nte (a) end (tl) •r• rallara mounted on the end mambar of tha frama
in tracka flhown aa daehad lines in flDIJI"I 1,
llftD rids
fi" 30,000 (
.SM,O•S.'-'113- ,S()OO)
.1'1'1'1+ S:t;713 •
30,()00 !.'!!1:22,${>.)/1
• ........
A force (F) is applied to \ha lower IIO:rtUn of' \he and ll:aaba~ u roller (b).
!::la~=r;~~=·~:a:i~BCI!~!i:~ ~r:!u~:r:; ~~i) t:!~::!l t::.~!!:~;.
~~ ~=::::;.a~~!~: ~~) d:,::.,rats!!!::'~h!n..!, d!~::!o~n::a:!::'.:'i~'
!: :::::..
\a
® "so lb :.2 2,

=!::~ i:n~~!edroti.!:. the left, \here 1B an axial tensile farce (F' 2 • F ")
® ·~~.&SO • ./Cf'{l{=
~~= ::a~O::~r!:.:.=!: o;rt=~::.;.:a;::r~~!i~ ;:;!:•~r t~ai:~s r:!~~:r (~.a
1

dirac\ ion a\ righ\ angles \a \he mSIDbar and 1n \he appalua dirac\ ion of (F ;),.
3
fr\ 30,000• '8,60 - l ,,,so
I(!:) • '17 3~
AMlal fOf'ce 1n end aulbar ( t.analan) la the aame •' 00\h enda-

F,=-F'y (!) '-f,O/& -i J,o~ o.ib

~t roller (a) -
./908

Fr sin B =- ~ • F1 ®
F.s- cos $ = - F. Fs ®·
,..,.. thio we gat tan 6) ~ g Sin~:a
\he 6 inch plQ& cantribu'ties the graatas\ 'ta the torsional reeia\enca of \hll
frBM, lt will wUhtl\and moat or thia torque. Ita polar moment or lna.rtta la -
J"' 2.r= 2.(2a.JII,;,~) .. 6,.:2a ,:r."

•
and will raaul' in a al'lur a\raaa of •
At tollal' (b) .. taking \he summatlan at forcaa in lina of \tte u.ia of the and
m~r to be zara - 't- Tc _(I, 35'3,,ooX3.3~) ao,ooops.i
- J'" - j"G, !!8
F~ + Fa. eos ¢> - F C!O$ o(, e 0 0 Thla would 8CE:OUnt far \ha plpa tearing au\ of \he wllba of \he friiiD8.
taking the ~H~~~~~Btlan of for1:11a a\ fight angles to the &Mia of
\he and ~~~HJ~bar \a bl!l zero ...

- F, - Fs/nol. + ~ sin ~ eo @
. 60.
 Stepped box

/,,')it.
Punching Shear
10.5.1 10.8

<------'
·(3
CljJ .. .30 1.0
~I ~
ifll > 0.6 ifll " 0.6
Of = 1.22 - 0.5U 1.0 .25
~ ~ OjJ= 0(1 - (J)
1.0
~

allowable punching shear stress iTO>"Q.5 ifll c;; 0.5

CD I; rp = ___!!_y__all Of
0.9 ,0.7
I'
;
Ot = 1.22- 0.5U
~....--.
1.0
____..,__.
if u > 0.44 if u .;;; 0.44
but not to exceed 0.40oy allowable punching shear stress
K .. 1 + sin 8
a 2 sin 8 ·
Kb=1+3sin8
4 sin 2 8
@ ,, P r a$ a;of]
, .. tb
tc
[a a sin 8
Ka
+ !!t]
Kb
~;~n of plane bending
· ab = J aby + ab.z
but not to exceed 0.40 ay

K = a + b sin 8 K = a + 3b sin 8
a (a + bl sin 8 b (a + 3b) sin' o
actual punching shear stress
1
.. ..!2
tc
[a a Kasin ° + ..'Kb
!..b...] if out of plane bending
use· ~----,--
V + ObZ
=...!Q_sin 2 11 (~
40 • Ob = Oby
® r
tc
b
· 1 + sin 8 + l + 3 sin 8
]

actual punching shear stress

For circular sections in which JL> 3600 local
tc ay
a-. _ lb . , fla + b) a a (a + 3b) Ob]
buckling at IIXial compressive stresses less than
yield strength shall be investigated 10.3.1.
o,:v 1
- tc sm 9 La
+ b sin tJ + a + 3b sin e

fillet welds limited to jJ .;; .8 10.13.1.3

If sufficient thickness (tel of main member is
used a distance of %beyond each weld, general
collapse need not be checked 10.5.2.2.

The use of fillet welds limited to ll c;; ~ 10.13.1.3.

Optional Yield Line Analysis Box Section

10.5.1.4
from Commentary)
!11 < .s 1 ( Table C1 0.5.1.4b
axial load in plane bending
allowable shear stress _!!__ +--2-
1 -II v'1=j
@ r = SKF OIJ.-!L_ OjJ = shape factor . II> 0.625 Ojl = 4111 +/ir-
'---------1
0.5T a1 = ut1.1.IZatlon
. f
actor

~
for suggested values) .!L + ..!1....:!.1..
K = reserve strength factor see commentary
2 1 -ll
SF =
sef~ty factor Table C1 0.5.1.4& ..a < 0625
. n.
-, = 4111 + JJ)
U = rat1o actual to allowable stress - main
member

vltlmafe
shear 0/'1 Me moill mem/Ju
shear area , /
at f'qillll"e , ' ,.,

.brace member of
_____ ,,
_L:~ ... ,'
~J_j ___ T
9
ultimate .strength or
-----~--r---- .R
welded COIInectlon , ,,'
,,
yie/o' stren~th t ,
I
,, ~ ,
=1.8
• ----~~---- n
tz Ta i: lb.jin.
,,'
,' t: _fa_
1111
,',' '·
1,' ~;sine
fw • Z.il7 (.7o7w){.so exx) ~
----- ---- ------
----!.,·1 J..L----
weld_
--4 1"1- (fillet weld) __.61.1-
(lnif rorce on weld ,!rom /JrQC8
111~m1Jer of yteld stren,ptll
~ 1111/1 kf1.9llt ,{weN
~w =*z.,7 (twH.3o Exx) _ll
~t,)­
~j weld) fs., I.e Tat lb. ) partial joint penetration )
F, = Uy tb ( in. sine ( in. of weld (. groove weld
(14a) (14b) (14c)

- 61 -
 Stepped box- 10.5.1.3
Matched Box 10.5.1.1

•
If I (J > .81 or I (J > 11 or I both
I (J = 1.o I
a < b sin 6
O(J and Of as in Fig. 11
O(J = 1.25 (1 + 11)
~·
= ~
2.5
if T/ < 1.0 if T/ ;;> 1.0 allowable capacity

1.22 - 0.5U = 1.0

if u > 0.44
~ ~
if u~ 0.44 (j) F = 1.2 tc Oy ay [ins + ~]
allowable capacity

@ I= F 0.8 tc ay
a + fJtc .Op a, J
rLS'iil8 0 12
I 10.5.1.2
Full static load
capacity of branch
(J = ~ allowed if:
D
D Complete joint penetration groove weld and
'Y =~ matching weld metal.

n=aox= a 2 ~< 22 or 'Y < 11

D sin 8
3 av of main not less than that of branch.

•
tb
4 "t; ~ 0.72 or

!~
"" -- 1.0 an d U .s;;; 0.44 (main ·member)

FATIGUE STRESS ALLOWABLES

5 11 > 1.0

X --
~~~~
f'_l I
I'
---50004000

,.._ E'.... o'

-
......:

" ,
c•-
....
D 5..'-
- 30005z
- zooo' Ill
~
u

F
E
...
~ 14- 1-
-:
: &i~
""'
·- -I --
~
~ ......_6 ~':.l-:: iiiii;; 600
~ :""!..
~
:"...,;:! ~:-....
,...
...... .... 1--
500 Ill
K ~
::'Iii:. .... _ c-;; t- 4oo I
' I"
~
-.
"""
~
if' X- 300

.... ..... .... II: z

lr
::iii
~
200 ~
T r-.. l ~
:::::: ~ ...-t-.
t;;:: ~~ ~ i- Ill

'I;
= ..I
:!

--
!
!'ooi"'!o;;;: 8;
r..:.. 100 ~
s,.,.

•
I

2 ~ '!;: t:= ....

Q:

... K- I-- Ill

T
4 5 1
10 10 10
N- CYCLES OF LOAD

. 62-
 ~
FatigUe Stress Allowable Categories
<D ® lj TCBR
Unwelded
ALLOWABLE FATIGUE
® ~ { reinforcement
Butt weld -complete joint-
RANGE OF STRESS
off For Tubular Structures AWS 01.1-Rav. 1-73- Section 10
® radiographic or ultrasonic
inspected TCBR

ctb
® ~ @ { reinforcement K-~
Butt weld- complete joint- max stress
off
no radiographic nor ultrasonic
T = tension B = bending
@ inspection TCBR
C = compression R = r~rsal
Butt weld -complete joint -
©{ ~~~~rcement on · •but not to exceed steady stress allowable

Stiffened connection - bela- joint Slrnple T, Y, or K connections - no additional

stiffening
Force is transferred through joint by
additional -tarial Stress distribution in branch rnemiJer is not
uniform
Stress distribution in lnnch -
is essurned to be unlforrn Check main member by ®or ® 10• 1a•
Pipe with N • CYCLE& OF LOAD
longitudinal weld
® TCBR CompleK tubular connections where load is transferred by:

Mernbers with continuously

welded longitudinally
® otiffeners TCB R

Members with transverse ®

~@
or short attachmerm - @
TCBR eccentricity Stiffening rings Gusset plates
Complete joint Partial joint Cornplete joint Partial joint traduction in fatigue strength is caused by uneven distribution
penetration penetration penetration penetration of stress in lnnch - . I Main member checked by @or®
groove weld groove weld or groove weld groove weld or welds checked by @')
TCBR fillet weld fillet weld.
Also check punching
TCBR Welds checked bV @ TCBR Welds checked by @> lit shear in overlapped
(uniformly loaded) @@@ (nono<Jniformly portion of branch TCBR
in branch member
In branch member member
loaded)
Here the attechrnent is long enough so It will load up. Hence a
force rnust transfer out of the end, through the notch or change
in section, causing a stress raiser in the 111e111ber at this point. Tee joint in Simple T, Y, or K ~..;;24
Welds checked by @ (unlforrnlv loaded) Lap joint tenaion·or connections with I

bending fillet or partial

penetration groove weld

®
Simple K SlmpleY Simple T
connection conneCtion connection
Allowable punching lhaar otrass on shear eree of main -bar.
TCBR Por R/t > 24, raduce allowable stress in proportion to
At termination of
double wrap
At termination of
cover plate
At termination of
longitudinal @@ @@
Allowable fatigue stress =( 24) 0 7
•

stiffeners or @ ®' Stressfromcurve ®or® R/t

Shear in weld Shear ·in weld
gusset Shear in weld Where actual stresa concentration factors or hot spot strains are
(does not apply at simple tubular connectoons)
Uniform load Nono<Jniform load known* use curve ®
on weld on weld
 CURVES FOR DETERMINING DIHEDRAL ANGLE

+ t:JG-
t....
....

uo ..
•---.--• ...,f-f-Y-/4-/'V''-V"'J.<Q

. l
..... ---------k./-l-?/-J/-,4~~~
..r'o "--~~----~--- . . ·······-------t>•....
'-/-'/-/~/-v--/-1
9·35"

•
!:__
0
-;too- ~ , . -·······-·---Jl)!f..r.'/__,~V-,L­
~ta­
'6
: 10-

~ 70:·- ~,. -----W#'~~

i
ID-·-·--·

10--"
. ,Ii j
------4---1
tao
-1-i..lW
1W t40 tsa 110 t70 110

9=40"

110---

..
'ii-1'H ·-

rHO·•
OUIG

j 10-·--· ...

'"
Ci 10 --···

. ..
no-···- ---- ----- ----··

110---- - · - --- ----+/-b4--!-,---4:~~ ..

9=55" •
....~ 1 4 0 - -.. ·--~----- ··--·--J-r-/·t-/'1-c.b-+-'..
r,., ____
j.lO---------J-1-'f-,/,_• -;,<--_;-<;-;._..=.,_.. :~~~~=t
uo----· 1ino-----·
1
1•00·----·
;;,. _______ •£' •------i-
0 1-i'-V'-/f'AY~""--
j u-- ------ ----'--/fi~A/-vi;A,/--1-.
•
!

j
, 1 : 'li
I. L.L .., ...... .
;

l.
tOO no 110 ~~ uoo no '10 t10 110

9=6fJ

1t0---

tTO- ••

1==~-
:110 ___ ----·-r:;;
Juo___ ,. . . . t-

•
IDO~
90-----l
0

-64-
 &n$ider us""l a fl!ld weld
c
tlte "1<1Yi!J1'.1171 Mnit [,rce on tile t"dnnf'ct'~ tfJe!d frettt:trdff"::J'3
.,f t'fpe. of vJe!d ) fll4'1 be 'o .. '1d by mult,iJ/tfiPJ fhe
p<•nc l1·~"l o;kar :trp-;1. ;orm~la (T) b'f the fhtcl<n~s e.(
/he ma'f1 mo'1 b,.r {t), To ~"ha"''e (rom '! hP nl.lrmQ(
~orce '"ompo••ent ta llr Pctil.al 1/fJ/uf!, we mq;t t/lctr
bra ne h mcrn ~~ t <In•,(/(' thtTJt-Ujh P'f ('Sin8)
oo· z<1.o,;,
Il}• 2 "l,t)Jn-
t.• /.!),',
A • ?Z. Z' ;,•
I • '178~00i•
4
II .~{¥,;
fmct. L"<l'K'f <I 'h'.'QI"'
+ i;J I
-;frC~) {tnoa. j,l.nlt fore~ on weJ:d.)
3
"' • 3 '18.'1:1 iP

f'IO weto· mefQ/

f>OO ro<h ~·P•

F• +1000 l<•i>s A/5o checf< r. - ,,.o,;,. 57
-x- - ' 1.~ ;,, •
11i71:-e t t,,s raf:o 0 r tt:>::lii t'"•ceed ~ J'&
fhP /;ranrh merne.-n,e• 'll·t:t ~,.. tl'veiJri al~n9 tl,f'
s1de p:ut1on of -!~r r:;rJ"er:'•of7 -seF.-'It.tJS Fi'f~.t9.1.'3

8 D

Un euen p,·s tri bt< t1i:m d L(J(J,J "n Connect r~t} Weld:. 10.5'.1
A•Z1rr-f•211'Cus;.)Cu, )• t2,2,,.•
Bntt:e member "" vielrl stt~tlf(/7
S• l'll'r"-,•(/..}ll(u..f•~IS..S·'
X• ~1rr' -o(IJ¥1rlu.G),'"'II4.'
bend '~'1 ~tress in branch member s· !·'!:!:J!f.·· '~e.z ;.,t
/11 !)00 ,;., •
U(t!inate 5/iearDfl main member 5h_earqr«t qt fqil~<rf'
Pbr S ..- 39B,Z ln' = /, 25 /CSI
f.,'> /.B.t"~l· 68('-31KSoYJ~.;,) = jl.f,O"f Kiln
'S1n 5in 'tS"

If), s. I ()Jtimate strell!fth of weldecl c.qanection

3b r<si ~ ~. 3/ J<S/ ~.. : z.~~>'1/.•Y2.t KlOI) = Mo'(,'lff•-IIP){:~.I 11~) ~ 3'Uo t( "'ltn

o. 9 ( "/.() '")"' 7
IY>tn

I f " eoJip/stf> pen,tn~t!M <JnJtJ~I! wdJ were used, /t wou.ld not

be JH!C~11t:lr'f to e/lec.l. the ab:JtJe unell41l d•stributtDn of /QQ.d
.:>n the connect1nq weld
'T'~ iL{.£ + ...ei).. to,;,
"' )(,. Kb tft ,;,
(r:J.s'
t.?s
f• 51 + ~··) .. .s: so xsi
t,re I Lamellae (ettr /0.m s-.
't -rn~ ,...;fiKIII 11Jdra/ ()£ frtlnSVt!""' /8t"'k
'IJttns "fPili"~ to flu surk.a• 6f tM IIIDin member '~»V be fo~~J 6v /110/tlplvmq tilt!
s.ao < ~. 3 I IJI'r>:e. or< form• r.,; !foe llltl,;,..,.. jl<ln<htilq shear .tren (1") b~ the thtckness of the ITIIJth
V<ilkt"> o' J(.•/.75 tmJ rb•I.S8 flle111 l>er [t> ancl clivlclrivf b't tlte It:~~ srie <If the fillet weld lkl) ar tlri'Otl.t "~ the
Qrt Foon d horr c IIQr 1 'i f'!'Ove w elcl {t.,).

a(io=~(~+~\"Y' t..(§...tA.\
w t:,., "'•) t;; K., K, )

in thic er<ttm pit "'''t II'. In)

tr='if. eot,om "' a. 70 ""'; <z o ,..~;
hu/Ce 01(

. 65-
,V.,.., consider the ':lame CCJr~nectttin 1<nder the fotiDIAIWrq fotl</~f'~ofldrJ A c
N=number ~~ er<te<. •1•10 6
~nqe K• -1lli; • +/It

t=idt~u.e af/l.wable in branch !l£mbe.r

•
(assufllr (illel LOe/ds<lr
fi'l Q9 ad egor'( l.9 pt/Jfll pMTetndttlfr '/(DOlle
welds 'tzteto beiAsec/)
From ~oqu.re. /1), 7. 'f read stres<> mn9e OOr• z.B "~;
c!l;r z.s~s, _ ,.,.;
,o o-._.• t-K • 1- ?v = 3 73

B.. t act Wlf -5trr..s ,5 ~ )'/ xsi ~ 3.'13 xsi

hence f.ill~t we !ti-s or padtaf icnetrw.ttdtt 9rt»V€' welds
~ Pe use<~,

Tn~re{ore use t>tJmplcfc penefttJtiM :;re-ove wefd-s

<4nd ~~ io;
f·'<j~ cat e9ory ® (Cbmplefe ~netro:t.,Dr, 'jrtJO•e we(ds)
( ronr f i~~tr~ to.'{, 'I read ~trt!'SS ranqe b",. • ? ""
u-.,.
'I ~s,·
so o-...-•• ~. ~, -r.a 3 "''.
t:<ctuo.l ~tress ts ?.3'11<'>1 < ~3Jx~t' hef/Ce OJ<

'3,nce CDmplete f!:''et r~ (,o·n rrOt:Jv 'i! welcJ~ are (o

l>euo;ed 1 it. wi II flot bt" nra-;.:;ar<f to c!1('c 1: the
uneven d~tribu.t•o'n of loacl on the connec.td19 LUetcl<;
as In /Q,S. 3 /h1s only QpjJ/Jf>s to ft~fet wefclf; Ql,c:/
par-tialrperyetrott<'fl tr"oue wetd-:..
lamt'//qr I ear~'?<] /tJ. s; lf
tr".!! .~ •••XJ%tn). lf.lo~" < zo J<S•
tw (IIi>) ht!nC.~ OIC.

8
The followill<j wou.ld be one of o;ev~rul method"> uled to oHa•n
suitable jol'nt details around th~ l>l"'och mem""r- for the
welded CDnnection
aJti4/ ~' itl 6rttneh member
F. s~• · ·
11&• A. 7~.2.& In\ = &,qa, Kll
y 3o'io 50' so· t. B''
~endin'i st~' tn bmncl! member
n'l' to IJS"
0.• ~ = ZSO ••t ., &. 2. IC-, 1•
• .. J98.Z. • o·
t()tal tr: &,92 +.&."-.~ ?,S'( ICSi
qo•
'37' u, '15'

A/lowo.bl;..., .,hear in mai~J,...mcmbcr (fatt{Jile 164d) . IA'l

~.·'l~e~ C«t&ttO"''W N~ , .. ofc/e$ K·~· +lit ,o•
h·om ~•1u.re to,?. '"I reAd st~ess mnlfe T,.. • 2,S' n•'
'l>o 1'::
1114
• .-!it_.
• t-1<.
•!;t
2
1
= '3. S ~ KS• {tn.tn.t fo e•ue<J 5'1-;Jv
af/•waiJit l>f '·" ~~•)

Cafc..!ated puncht'n'f 'SheAr :rtrn'5 tJfl main member

_.!t(r.K.,
'1' - f t
~., ~Din
1:~ .J I fr it>
("•z. + ·1>2),.
T.'ff t.S8
z."'o ,,,. <J,,; h~r~ce ()/<

•
Y· anf{le art>utK! ao\r< of bn>n<h wemkr, weo-.ure& from the /1«'{
dihedrAl an'lle
t t::~nf/e removed frDm S.Or.to.re edqe
remttin1nq antj{e ()f edqe of branch mem/H'r
ind~<decJ an9te ()~ joint
rp., ~ +w • ~ +'10-c(

• 66-
 A c
SHOCK LOADING
W • .atlflllcar vcloc.d.yJ rddlliii'S/:Sec..qd
F • fr•" ..."""• ~~ln/ssund
Ril'l• re .. lv.toontmtiuoJe
@ ~L V • veloc.it't, tiKk•!•ec...nd
2 t • rQd ,,... , tnc.lle~
m=ma-n. • '-1. IS
d,es /t l11t ft'll (rom ou.'t W.• u.e19hf, pou.od'l
D( nowhere when 'li!JtJ 5. !J~C.t"/er•t,O,, olqnawof~' ~&&.. itlf•ec. ..
dt;,n-1. e, piF'ct it F. • centrifu'f"'l forc.e, f"'"-Rd ">
r • d.;.t, bet""'~"'""t""'..r 'l"'"i"f ~rotattoir,1hch.,,
h • h""!ht ol k~>uid , ioc ~es
~~ndi< enl'rQu £.·¥ Q'" .5•den-.lf~oll•v•'d ,!V./i~ 1
---...,.,--_;;-=:..Y.__ p• umt ~rnwr# tJt LDtl•"" 1 p>t
-~:te:.t·o! ~- x~--
,..0"" F_ _". t• ttme,H:<ond'S
~ T F•f.,rc•·P"':'nd'S
, . t/1tJdlfht ,,. llle-rt> • i.,· k,h E,•fa.FO• W• wor!l tnc.h-1{1~
- - - - - - - " ' - - - - - - - - - - - 6 • .dclld.t ,.;, . mD•• ment, inche5
nsr"" ft>r '" 1 b.rtf mtr.sC'I w = ... d '""''" ......nd, K. ':.f'r•n~ CD/I'> tR"'t r "k..' lb. per inc.h
F"ffl'l P• power, on-lbf•ec.
P• Yf- • FV
1 HP• ~50 ft·l!yt«• ~~JDOft·l~l,.i•• i>6tJOJi>·l6/>«"l'"·:JDOdlllrmin •'l'fl• watts

V.Jo~ · ooot' on D t.odl:f ~~ IPtOIA.41 to:

A) <haqqe /n />{netic ""'r:$<1 w. m(v:-v,')
2-

In-pufte

Mom en tum ~ mV

B D
ld1th thh almpla •thad, ona ahrta with ttte farmula far the mavuant af thl
11181Dbar, .. elano•11ian far tanslh ar CDIDPr.a&lva load1ng 1nd dafllt;Uan hr
b8tld1ng.
hlghar fore:• from &..lvlda the applhd farce by thh mavam~nt (A) ta abtaln tha aprlng canaunt (K).
applied 1 aad
The patantlal anargy atared h then-
aame atrangth

From the abava, lt 1e aeen Ln &hoek loadlng, that. the fDJ'CB rasulting from the
load Ia greater than lf l t ware appllad in e steady manner. Tha atrenoth of
the material (member and welds) f'or all p:ractlc:al purposes la the aama aa when
undel' steady laacUng.

FoJ'mulas are avallabla for cllllculating tha raaul tlng a trees and daflectlon far
shaCk loadtng, but tbay a:r11 nat alwaya varv sccurate, thera Ill'S too many
r'Bctara whlch wlll change the rasul t, Haa.a\1&1' 1 tnaae eua farmulu cen ba uaad
ta batter understand tt'!a problem and • • 1n what dlnctlan one waulel go ta
lmprove the problem. Far example, ccneldar a almply auppDrtad beam wl\lc.h muet pt.J
support a shoCk load aL mlda•an, case (1) of Table l. We could Lake tne foJ'IIIUla 1).:: 'IBeX
far the energy absorbed-
F '18FI
I<=?;; ,.. -rr-
E~."Z
and cnange 1 t around ta g lve the ~:saul tlng streaa-

• .jr..H..sz
.,,..
Although thls formula may nat glve a vary eccurat!' value far the stress (a) 1
nev.ertheleas lt daea shaw us that the atreas c&n be nduced by lncreaelng tne
lenQth (L). In regard t.a Lha Prapartv of' tna crass sBCtlan of the millibar, the
atnaa can be rKiucad by l~reaalng tha value af (1/~. Notlce that we~ cannot
separate the moment of lnertla (I) from tha dhtence Co the outer flbar td,
Lhasa IDUSt be consldar•d together.

- 67-
 A c

m.
A
v
-"·
·~k L..
7[
b~fore tinpq.ci
J:
~
~instAnt
"f i "'
•
F,.••• v,.{Ki - - ""''1~!'f'=:.:..\ mometrtu.rn ---~1

hotn thl~ I.Ue 'let v... v.(m,!'~)

Kine~i
. e.tlu<f
£.· ¥- L

SoM Y•lue• ot IPI'IDs coartanW are lbted belw.

(bod~ ,:. _,ins)

__..., L. ~
Tl

LU -1M sum oF kitlmc .1. PotutMI t!l1er'f'es is undtl.t-+

V."lll'
z l111•.,;.•l + 2ii,
~ -r~er~-,l r.~
= ""'2T. + ~u..
x:_

n• munber ol t~<ru
d • diameter if rod
I From tho's w~ 'l"t

F._=m,v,~ or f.."'rJ,V,~
D• IJle<~n dr4met<'r ol cod
£,• rmd•l•:; tli- eiD-:.t.Crl:~ (~~.... ~)

8
1-ro---d- ~d
(•1 "'•
r
I
:X:. ~~;.,P'"'
~u.pports
T
bI
/ ~ •.ied
ends
ol \118 -1dll bo -~
Th
r*MJ;Jl!J;l r@:;llvir1 ...
~--~;;-d"~ t
1.

l l ~
.Not loehorc ornpoct

171, "· + me D 'I

• ., llntut
-·
(m,+me) "·
-~ct
~~~.....:;:..~....T

~ COIIS<r1:!ti""..f-'fl"I!Jflftfu.•
hom tho's ~><e~
lv~·v.6n.rma} I
J(tfteTW::
enet<f' c,..·~ c.·~v·
IC 2. \

- - - \118 - ol ""' - !lo,) I.e evenl¥ distl'tbuted. - or

~ ~ .
""'""'- .. ~~tilt. •r-
.. ~ ~
I

fr.L£
and
'!lie laltl.al fOI'CO ol I.Dpot (1'1) 1lill Dot be U creat, bea&UH tl8 I008a ol tile -
(Joe) I.e Dot --~reel aU at ..,.., but.l.a epraad aut .,.., • perl.o4 ot u..o.
Pufttoi/41
ener1'f tp • m.!!Jh Ep• -6.
:a. • Ejo• + 2. a -/11, 'a 6
- ..., (Pz) vi.U ........,. baoa- 1ua -
-jiGJ'ti.JOiol (liz) ottl8o_.,rto-not .....
I.e aboorbed Ill -sac .... (llz~l
r.• ~-Pt.9jt
F.' F.
or ell;+
2. I lK, 'L
0
!bl.a prai>loll- bo ...... ldencii>J' """" .. oquival-· .....
4apaDil1aa liP'"' bw U I.e . _ w aDd bw lt u loacled, for ezilopl.o-
<-.>
~"" tile - (liz)
--71o~ suar .f IUMioU Pt::ft:'J...ff'""'"- is um'btnt ~
I
. ~--~~~.... +-lf:-. lI 'iir.-
F. ... +JL. -m.!J .!i.

-[ -I
~ K..
2.1(,

cr
'
J; - 'm•'l F,.-
\S ~m.;:, =- o
111,1- "

m,[~tN+~J F~1•i•~sfw!~~~

•
,. f"c Dr

-68-
 c
Iron Dn dropa fram a Cl'lute 1ncl1ned at
lt5° with 'the varUcel at an 1nlt1al
® ~11M' .... of-- @ Y~Opllao MH of..- velac.Uy af v1 = lDO lncnea par aecana ..
The raUlng are etrlkea a bUIRPIIr .,.:a.ta,
l.2&l 1nchea belaw. whl~h h inclined at
lfl'' with tn.1 WBI'ticel.
Find th• raacUan an the plate ®• to tna
fal:.lng an.

k-j<--ld"----.1

H-4
~ 1'--Ji'
w-..•I'IS'.IS" 16
~
r. • 1~8,1 io4
T
5"

1--}lz·
l
® ® _ ..._•.;.l\1.::,_,
....l!t..[ f
plate

F=v.Jif F·W.~/w.•+-~a. F•W,~ --"'-

':l(W,~Wo) N{•
F= '!>:l,I3Z.Ih F=~~ 2 n.u.~ F• :>.~. 0 l 3. lb• F• ~~.1 'l. 3. ll.s
f7""' z1,1en~i 2'f, 87~. !"•' r• z 1, 'I 's, p•i
fP
t.r• ~ •• '"'· p•l
6• (J./'1'1 '"
a• (),/fiO in 4•0.to7,;, 4• o./0?#1

B D
a 11000 pGOII4
at S laabu -
o~Uo -•llllc "'
S ldlell - .._. IJI to be otappod Ia • .u.u..,.
~ l.lnO o wU. !be ' - " ' IJI to be oluUoolll" m....- lor
• opria..

llhat tono ... , tbe -tiDe 1111ldo be doolpo4 tor7 veloc.it"t (i) v_, = 9t + v"
c:l,',tc:tnce /z) 9t ..
'm K fc.l!en t: 'Y'"-r+V~t

~
:'::"""" F/J. F'"
From (I) we 'let

~ E!.J-' «'
2 ·:~.11:
v.~- v.,
trlnet/c, enllf9'f p11tentl•l .,..,.,'I cr {~) t " - 9-

set eQIA.a/ ~. m v,'

2

IF~¥'1
1'-,oso. lbs or ('1)

Dr A(JUJSO)• '80 :l.S lbs on e41!1t '"PPDrt .Tr. th•5 n am p le

:l~l;w,IS Df ~'1 r,Uef wtl<l
4
/his t'O .. fd pe tlarr-/eJ b't v.. ~ V, CO :I lfS" ~ (/tJO y. 70710'/) "' '/0. 1/0'1 Rr/:~ec
~Ia,;..) (~ ln){.'1o?)(~I.OOOp-..j"" ...J1S 90• .IJ,s Vv..= Jz. 9 Y +'1,.z. =j z.{3~.t/tY.IZOln) d'IO.'ltfJ'I)'" = 'o'(. 'lOS~
. J f'i)
£?()1\oual:i
metal
(•'
'.j t~
V..gV., -_30Y.'IDS- '10.'1107
3a&.o't
: • id:H>3. se.CJ:>nc/S

horriootAI d,:,tance X" t ~

V,= V, sin 'tS 0 •1DD(.70?II/J) :::-7~7107 ~ ..
Jl.~{~os3Y71.),7/0'I) = 'l:l.go ,;;~bn

-69·
 A c
Tllo ..locUy •' &110 Uti I!!E.!l1!! &o tho - , . . lll•~o (V') will no& _,PlW
any '•rca unleu tn.re le .... nii~.~C:Uen ln val.. tty lllwt te fri.ctt.n lllltd.,.
tne 111111ng are _,.. t"- plata. Jr than ahaulct lr• 8\lf ra~n tn thill ..11'KU1m,

•
U: would ba parellal ta the plat. . .., woullf nat c:auu u u Dend.

\
\
\
\
\
\
\
I
I
\
I The valaclty af the are !!S£!!1 to tha bumper plata 1a raducael to ••ra bac•u.•
I the an atrtkaa tha plata ~d anaota aut P•nllll t.a the plata.
I
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
I
\
\

(f.)
Tnis change in the narmal velocity of tha are caua.a • forcatta ba applied

Xn.wwiq ""~.-1 Un we
!!!B!!!lta tha platat and in the a~~Qaalte directian t.a the appUIId valocit'l
vect.ar. Tnia farce may ba faunell in the fallawin~ ftUIRitar.
/ t!An qet 8_,.nd V,

\1." Jll,G/0 10hc

• /!.07"

8
.l!!f!&U.

CH!NGf
18 the applhd fare:• (F0 ) 11Ult1p11all by l.ha tncrnant af time (AT)
fUr1nQ whiCh the fan:• acta ..

li'C MOMENTUM i l the lilna ar tNI Ntutal invalvd aurtng t.ha tlmo ~T)
DW11:illl1111 by ib cl'l.nga in velocity (Vn • D) ..
D

•
Th.tlnaw. of 11'1 will bl CDnltant 1:hrDUQhau1. it.& mtln fllll, tnat h thl flaw
in IHM'Idl par minute will ba canatant.. Jr the m1tarlal bahevld •• a liquid,
tlla erne aactlanal araa would vary lnvanaly 1111th 11:1 valacity, Tho fa•t•r
11: travel•, the .malllr would be ito craaa aacUonal area.. S1nca thll ara
canaiata ar 11111111 aolid Jt.arttc:laa, there cttuld be ai:JIDII aproading aut during the
fall, with air vl1da praaant 1n tn. intariar, a that ito craaa aactianal .rae
ay app.~~ar to ba greater then it octuolly 1&. We ciiN\Cit mo1a~o~r1 tne craaa
aacUanal ar•• af the ar• flaw juat •• 11:i atrlkaa tna plata, and if we could, it
prabllbly would nat bl • true walua bae.uaa ar tna air voida. Sine• tha rna
ar flaw at tho plata. ia tna auo 11 tha nu of flaw fram tho cnuta, we w1ll
uu thl latter linea U can ba muaurad.

The 10111 of t.h1 ara in.,alv.U during tn. u ... interval at (4T) ia

rna valacity J!I!I!!ll.el. to the bl,..mper pla1.~~r h A V, .5 tAT)

V,•v,a..~(I1.0.,i30)"31,.Sl41S'13,1J'/• ":l-:!.5.:1~ ,;,n,.c rnQ.n (m) = 9
Tne valocUy .22£!!1. to the bumper Plate 1a
Yn·U...~'n{I).O?t3o)=312.S/ smY3.47'- 313.'1/ "Yser:

•
-70·
 A
If we wue to ne'll~t. tlte dfeet DF tilt ii..tA ol fit•
c
hmper pl11te 4.5Semlll'f

mv'
a

FlAT) = m (v.-o)
IIIPULSE I:HANGE IN 104£NTIM

F::::

B . D
'i1 we consider the effect of t/Jt! mert1a of tht' hu.mper
p/fA..te assembly
Suppaaa • 111 pound piec:a ar ll'an ar• ahaW.II DC.Ceaionall y fall out or tha
chub and •tr1k• tha pl ta. whai. wa.uld be tha :naul Ung banding atr... on tha
plata aaaMbly 1

~·zo• pl...te

n•t.Ce tire r-ed~~.c.t/im ,;, ~rce w-ht~n Me Jnertti:t DF

~W 1.• zS" t.-ms the bumper plate assem611.1 1~ ~~ns/d•retl
~~ Ao7-~5",n'
I• S3.5" in"~
d • ,,S1on
Lr ItO in
W,•z.~q., Jb,

eQ w.•\}(wt")~IH.B lb.,
d.e.flec.tro'n

A• t "' lf.OI,WiD
"
IV
lf71> 6
• •08 f) Jnt:.hes

~,'/let welds b...tween 6" p/a..te and ~ea.m

Proper t'( of bumper pla.fe - IL..e rekren<e •••;, £z.-z) IAnit ~orce 00 wetJ v~ %. = ?01 730. ~'
A y lfi•AY r•~t~Y .:rs 'l....:.l'~~=:..,.;:;:.A..:~.u. =- .:1.0 ~b. t~.y;nc.'!.,
t.·~l!O· zo.oo ,26' z.s ,,zs 2ll.t'Jt()'f
t ... W6•2S' .1'1.'10 T.·fl!l5" S'f,II>'IS 19'1.1!.11(, 10 'f,()
2'1.'70 $"(..(, '1 ,O'l,-1'1
N.-1 ...... r·~ ~~!" z.a't ,;,

t I=-l;-t.r,-f'=J;i'.:xHy){/>4) • Jo7.'f'i-@.z'lX6C..6'1 }..- /77.,7 fr,4-

. 71 -
 A c
kriletic eneuty of moving frudc
E. tn..v~z WL'41.
z.

•
/('f:.
29
Pot.entttif ener9'1 abst:Jrbetd b., ffJn9ue.
Fa.
Ep• Y11 Ftl er
set these etr~~a.l

"'"""
_Fl
ZK
= m,
-y-
v, ' ar
IF v.JK = m.

h!J .1.•euer
1

-~·~
\ f.

B
canal"er naw tnat. thl! trallar t.a atuck in tns earul., The t:ruck i& backe" up NM~ wa auat .gat en BKIWeaalan for the velocUv af t.M truck at the t.n&tant ar
allghtly unUl U ill. tight: agalnat: tl'le hUcn, figure (b) irld tnen maiU!IB 8 '"""u cv2l.
run far U, aU.empt:lng. to jal'k thl trailer aack ont:a thl!l roadway, flgura (c)~
Tna truck atart:lnQ st nat wlll eceoalarata to a velaclty ar (U ) wUhln the A •vlnt tlady atart:lnQ •t rnt: and aut.jact to a conetant ~~ecel•rat1an (a), hence
2 Iii eoaat.n' fare• (f)Jwlll prgduce the fallawlng vllac;ltle& F': ~
111et:.-n.:a (S).. ale rlllll •••ume tb8 traUar ln thla CBill doltlil nat mava lllld tha
ttnaU.:. anargy of tha n·uCIC k.!lll be abR:rb:ed by the c.ongue af tne t:rall~ar ..
~·a·~
Ft
Q)v a.t-
!!La
m.
FtL
®<J " z. 2m.
y~ .. 24':l 2 FS
hence® --,;r;-
Ct-ud pulls a/Jcad lila wlll •••..,.. • c:arhtn pawer •v•U•bla at thta f1nel ·v•lacl ty Just befof'a
lmpocl (P).
hq c:
® P"FV
Sull1t.lt.utlng ttlla lntD (!} lid gat
/"'preunt t I!IDVIi.c, irw;J:.

.,__ __ :... ----··~

·F FL
tr•A £A

•
. 72.
 A c
Sl.H or rw.t. nl4. to ••1'17 u:ota obaot -

~~ co: II
lo-'1"-1

Slaee ve bo.. -...011 Ula -.,.. Ia tbio ooaldu\ol obaot lGid, - - l l d l -

t.o U1e 7lel4 Rnllo ('f) 1 ""v1U laorouo U.. veld ..U..ble 1Q' Uae . _ t..-

Unit to- ... tWet. veld

=-LF = 1/1,8,3 1!.~ 9322 • lb;,,;
F IZ. 1h "

las ol.H or tul8t nl4 , 1'10 ...u - -

'13ZZ 3"
w::{U.?Xzt.ooo)(.7o?) "' o. J?G, e~r 7e b..

B D
E•IIDPll: The truck walgha ~tODD 11111&, thete ie 1/2 1nc.n 11 play 11 ln the hitch,
we will aaaume thet the pewer af the truCk buUda up to 25 HP at thl lnat•nt "'
impact when tha maximum.. valaclty at (V 2 ) ta relehelll. The tgngua ia mGe af
Ia
tt. _.... . . - af tlae \HUor - tlae H04 0114 OD 1~\ap\ la •de t.o 3uk "
twa Chlll\nela, hav1ng • tatal craaa aacUanal area af 3 .. 18 1n2 11rut a length at _ ...... - -.. -Ia....__...
50 tnchBI.

P=ZSHP" n 1 7SD r.t-~., /.t,fiJ</0~m-l%oc:

Wa <(OOO II.
m~-= T = 3&-o'~.. m,• mau of trU:ek-
0:, "' k. 1~c.fr V,. ve.loc.it'i .,f tt"-~" be~ore . im P.act
m.• mo.ss .of trailer =DO (stw.c.k in E!<1~tll)
A= ~.18 in ... ~· v. • 0 (eo.rth d.. es n.ot move)
To avotct the Pl'Db!em cf mulUplylng t.~nrtnUy by zera squared 1n \he case ar
t:= SO /n
<mz><u2 f and ('"2)(Ul)e, u wUl be boUu to do the roliawlng-
SiiJce V..... V,• 0
Z.( /,(,~A./()r)( fa.)
if""'o;;~..,~ F-j K(m, v.~ r¢...'l- m, v:- ry/;) I I< m. (V.'-v;)
t- a

orl F= v,{K:J
Th.i.'" ia abaut tha vtela strength af ttw BiBel.
here

f= z.fi,Jt..jdqoaoxto'Y.'!JfS:t) " JJI,Br..3. lbs

.L
5>~'SS
F
tr= A.. 111.8'-~ lh_ -:or-177
3• 18 fn... - .,,,, P'". c.or
/ at y1e
. td)

-73-
 A, c
TM tl"'ltler langue muet tnn~~rer Ute rorcae stu. ta the deld laM blaldllr) an ~·
tnUer. Hawavar, thue farcu ere not v•J'V gnat etnce it ,..., ill paaelille fol"

•
ana ..,.. to pick up th• taneua lll1d CDMact it ta hta truck. lf ~·•• war• t1ta
rmly fal'cee involved, then wuld be 1t0 pralll• 1n daelgning 1 aut\Ule \Piller ®
t.angw. The prabl• li11 1n ahack laedll encauntered ·in pulling tbll tr1ller
•lang the. ned. Thaae fare•• 1r1 rattler hiQh be.ceuee any bUIIP ln the roed will
nave an e•tr...ly .nart u .. lntervel, pruduclng hlgh accelnattone and thereran
la.rp ro.raee. Foll..awing •r• aau typo of attack laede lmpoeiHI upan the treller
tangua.

Jn flfJura (e) 111111 •••wu the center or ntetlan ar thtl unit ie the hitch. Any
up and dawn 1111tlan ar the nH a.Ul apply 1 \lerttc:el force an the treller through
it 'e whll1l1.If the wheeh an located at 1 point known •• the S!!!l!£ !!
.I!!J:S!!II!.!!•
tUn will be no varttcd eccalentian at point (a) ( tn. hi tDh) lnd
th11nfon na vertlcel fare. would be applied ta the hit.dt or the tengua Coute1ct.
or thaee c:eueed by th1 deH lpad).

f
.
CG
,___T""__.....___--:0 (p)
F l"'int oF
po•nt of. rot o.t/Dn
p~ld,lon

Tha point or percueeian wlll lie allgnUy b•yand the c~~nter ar gravltv ar the
trailer Un ~il figure, to tha left) ..

Sim:e the whe1l1 an ueuallv placed alightlv ~M-van&t th8 e-nter or gravity Un thlil
figun, ta the lett) 10 that thtl taneue would ard1nerUv rest on the ground, I
would ...... tnat tn practiCe, thl lllheele en verv cloaa to the canter of
pen:uaa1an (altnaugh ther• was no 1ntentlon of •otnv th1al. Far th1a r•••an 1
dan•t baliava thara will ba much up and dawn •at1an ar th• hitch dUll to the
.1E!!1!£ itself 110ving avar a rough ron. I don't belteve thla will pne~Mtt cnuch
or • problp. Th1a 1a 1llustrat:ad ln figure (a).

8
Hawever. then 1tl • prabl• with the truck mavlng up and dawn, flgura (b). in
thia cue a rapid vartic•l 11111vU~ant or tM hitch due ta the trUCk gaing av•r 8
bump 1dll cauee a twiating action ta \ha trailer and w•ldu. B•c::•u•• ar the
!1!!1 !!1!121 .a! ..l!ll.!:1!! af thia unit nalaUng t:hia rotation, there will 1M' 11at: up
liar ..,. nee• tM .... -•nt ar lnartla ar th• w.ldar and t:raller. Th• actual
value ia rather •itricul t ta find, but lll8 ahell ••• .... that the wa1ght ia
unifU8l.y •tetrlbutall avar • langth ef 60 lncnaa (5 flat).

lOa
a ra•i•Ung tarqua equal ta

T=-IC( (For tor.oo.e)

F= m a. (for 1-Qrce) I[]
A
I
IJ~
m•3• 181() ""
~··
"7 J6(al'
,, --,;,-"'

t = vs . dista.n~~
Vei'i<7lii
so

T= Fd

•
h Q z.,t.ches "'·"7fee't
S ~ IIJ ~3 •, illl Feet
d • 7 feet
V .. 30 mph

. 74.

Mam.nt an tangu• af treUer
M= Fe:: ~lzo 16XY~m)
A c
1 believe tna ;rntaat: rar-cn 1n the tengVI' emf tNllar- en "'... 11¥ "'- ca..-
hitch (truck) moving var, rapidly up 1111• Uwn •v• te &I~ 1ft the ..... , Ill
flgura (b). lha valuaa af thaae ·rar-cn era •itflcult H . .tanlnl IIKeYII • '
• 'io/, 8tJO;i, /6 the uncertainUu ar-

or :12,'1~0 tn lh ~n eacb '1/de

1) actual aiza or tr. bump ar hale in the ~"••••
2) .BIIlDUnt af 'an.rgy ebul'bld by tha Uraa and aprlnp af tna trucJc,
3) velocity af the ti'U:IOir.,
2!t'•ZI'z'•~· an9/e' It) NBI IIID!IIef1t of inartle af the welder and trailer •
.r,. ••
981( in""
A~ I.'J':Iin' Hawavar, I ballave t:ttaaa are real forcn, tNt they caulll be vary high uftCier
unusual road candi Uana and therefan 1 batter ta"9U1 ahttuld be uan. far
IK&mpla, that·mada af tRI 11• Channel.

17, 3oO psl compressHJn l bdiave no patnta af weakneaa enauld be allawuf, far ....ple,. c:ut auta, II'
carnera 1 cut, bllllt, and then welded, with poor quality welda, the quality 111hict'l
may vary wl'daly from ana tangua ta the na.t.

It aha bat.hara ID8 that 1111 muat rely uPlift ~~Mae cuatalllr t:a llllkl thll iq~~~rt.,t
carvt.ctlng welda ta tn. trailer, aaM \n ttte avarhaad paaUlan. Thil . .Y be
tha f1rat aut af paaUian 1111lding thl cuetomar 111a ever mellla in hh life.

What }or.ld (P) D

can tlte'iie ws.ld'S
trfJIIS fer ?

rrelcl
a - ~- P

~-- ~·~
f--2.'1Z"4
8
Of caure• tn•B• atrUeaa •r• calCiulated on the bi!IBh af the truak (ar hitch)
gain; over a certain aiza bi.Dp ( · i.nct., ''lut',) at 30 •Uaa ptlr huur. ate don't
knN wMt apeer:la and ain af bumpa shauld be uaad. Never the leu, U a 11• ••r.h .:emn~tlln t.
5.,1t lb cha•nal .,." uead, the aPia driving conditione would reSult 1n a
r.OUC:ad b11ndlng atnaa af 11 1 600 pal. And thia tong..,. wuuld nDt hav• anv cut
S.,· Y+J'{,,.t~.a~¥· 'M•?in'"
awaV ucUan whllfh wauld we~en it. ~or two ~nnf!d'ums
'S.,.,. •.,,r.'? = 't.3¥in'
--- ---
--- ---
F,;· Pees a •· 'IBS" P
...., .. F,;.n,;, .,. F.• PtinB •,1'1'/P
Nllllffr
d.t:-Wtlf' (o-me 8 • 10:)
---
--- ---
--- -[ I.· 3,8E>m"
A ~ 1. set irF
M".ifB5PC88•n)-t.!7'1P(2.~11o) ~ 1.2s~ P(inJ
.41
r--;- <~>r
f.b • .t1
S... •
1.288 P{lll)
.,,,., ,.,, or
f6' ·l'i?'t .L.
m

--- ---
Thle brlnga out thll advantega af tha four wt'teal traUar, Jn thil cue till
tangua 1a hinglld and anY vertical movement at the hitch will Jua.t move U up
and down wlthaut introducing anv moment ar banding atreaa.

ln rtgura (c) tha uial farce 1a epplhd to the trai••r by m:.calaraUng and
braking the truck. These farces could be cauaed bv the truck ar trailer hitting Rr,.. lt4'1t ,.,;,t r.., .. btl weld f,..=/(~... f.)'+ f.'
chuck halaa in the ~ad. figure (d) lllustrataa the tranaverae force ceuead bv
aide matla11 af either the truck ar traller etriking ruta in thll raad. ~r -j(.mt-l;+.ot.~f,)'i-{.ot'J.If,;)" "'. z.o~ <; 16,
The ring tvpe tratlar hitch hils a loaaa fit and 111ill praduce mor• of·a jerking
action 1n caaae (b) 1 (c). and (d). A batter fitting hitch, fo.r I)I.B~SJPll a ball b.._-t ~.· .707 W '-I,ODO Jt.. 'Set et~~U.O.I "to . ZDcS'r ~,;
and aockat typs ad:OUld reduce t:ha P88lr:l an thne loada.
, lO''t-#;" .'/O?w '-1,0()0 ~U." a • '70?{ II, m) 2.j,(J()0 ~,;,•
The tangua lllUat have aama tlorizantal atltfnaaa and atrangth ta prevent tt tram
p..(.?o7Y&X~·ot)o) 10
binding if the tralln ehould •jack knife• IMhtle backt.ng 1f the rear whaala or the
truck ahauld be PIJ'Bhed inta the tongue, see ftgu.re (a). ' .~6
or P= n.ooo lbs
th•s ,~ for st~dct /d4d 4/le
e?D we lcl tneta.f

. 75.
 A c
bend•"'=t '1.'1~ ''hr.

-
\be
t11a booo 1.8 troo to _., \ID ...trlpotal tano h<D t11a l'Ot<lt.lDc 'bclq oa\IDI ca
'b••• vll1 var,. .
•
y
I

u 'bclq (a,)-•1-, - . , 1.8 OD lm<ud rodlolacaolon~lml ot (o,), fb1ll vaal.d oa..o

• t01'08 otr, • •••• w ""' ca t11a _.n~.q booo <•.>·
:ra CAl, llol>b torvoo ot

"' ""
acooloroUca ot t11a - bOd1lo on em tho - ODd - to - . l \ ~ o.,..ID11\
to aocoloro\o 11J1Vud (o1.), :r. (B), - torvoo at occolordlca ot \ID - bodiu aa\
T.J!" =~· t!W,
:... ·=..e:,
dou.:",.;.:",:_~ot\o:;.••·~=
- • l o r • - ot t11a to<o 'bodl.ao vW bo oll.ahtll' lou, or ~ oL ,

!be 1'00111\Jac ~ toroe h<D tho bCid;r vUl bo

('bclq) r • •• (o,• .._)
«r.(Uitn'c wei 'ht
aad tbl.o _ , bo - 1 \o t11a tano vlll.ab • - t11a boao \o occolon\o
'~" 2. lbs
r.,•r1(~+·~)· L$'~•Mt¥-·~~~{] (booo) r • ...l
S1Doe t.beJoe are two bodiu• u.z.e an two tonu. haae
1
.....-~ S"-----1 IK" tlf'l .,. ;.'

A~z.r(J • 2£z.7rXI.I)~'Ib)o 4.2'10 in .2m1 (Q,·¢a) • ~a..

(a•••• o) ( 1 buo)

e~-r"'
rt&>\6 (z.'fS)(.90U1)
u'""~' , 2.1 '1? •
111
al-.o a,• w"r- $1> w'r-al = ml:;,•
r 1... t1~-liaf!)•(z".1,)(,.JJ~'II.-·¥}·1S.fi 28 itt lh {!:;t•) = w..r and a .. • w"r(~m,"!: m..)

B
A y M•AY ~·l'.'f_ r._
s• r.oo
a•ZI'el' •u.s
+LOO
-.Dt.25 .. 2"
• S.Dtll) +S,DOO
07 ,,,0()
0

'-2'10" u.~
to;fr.l IS.'t'l
.,1'17 ·13.?6'1
-8.'11$' 1--·"" 1&.180
j,ljljq
!be 1'00111~ - 1 t l l p l tone oo\l.q ca t11a 'bclq 1ll t11a •muol - - u
~
F,•m.(a.-a~) • 2.m,+llla
HA•~• ~· -,S?'9ito
','"·
J;..·r.•J;·.f• 38.180-
(;~;7{/ =- '~'fBO m
.., fb1ll 1.8 looo - t h o ...trl.fllpl t..._o oo\l.q ca tlla 'bclq ID tho borlson\ol 41rac\loa

f'b= m,a. • w... rm,

ts>'
Iy•tr t · .. /S.,28 • 6'::t.,07 m
ll{Zlfs){z,S)+ •" !be ronp ID t - oo\IDc ca t11a 'bclq 1.8
k.. S. ... !!.("'~rm.tn. \/_1_\ ... --.!!!!__
J..• r., t r,· '2.~80 .._ s2."o 7 • B s: s-6? in' F,... r., uvm• ]\i..,~rm.J a m,-t-mz.
~·.oaela.,.trolto of Y"'"~~
Aw• l!i.'i<f in (le"'ltb .~ welcl) bodot Ill,• "~"2. lhfj 32. z ~~.... 38G. ..,_.
bos,. m, • $l'DD ILJ_,
Frm:es. en wel4
centrlf~<y<tl forc.e v., v T<Pflo)a. •
F• W. ir'-rlii.P~,. 'fU. u,, .._zltoiriJliOOD : Z.B 71/J..J/n,• l8.11 l<1f1'S
§ "J(JD '"" • '100 •
b&or&i>'l reA<'ttt;n {alSIJ s.lrear lfn welcl} Po\!IU o~lo ca vo14 USC - ..... tulo\ 101ldl1 oon41.\1CIII ()7) 1 ooi.ocao7 (0)
!t•V·~.. (:eB.7f)• 14.3' 1c1p• o..r t,ooo,ooo 07"108, aa11 1;.• a bi

bend,n.; 111•ment t>n w41J .,.._•• ..:st.

1-11 .. /=:iii
e. l<li :r ""0
" 1<~/.
!'Is&'{,)" kip){'l~ip)• ,S,J'f 1irk1p
bo\ - w- o\oo<lr ou-blo at t1 bl (1170 vol4 _,_)

....u. ot tulo\ vol4

<~.s-<t "'';, ~ , • ~....

Lu"' C.1D7"t'-1 iiSI) ~ '.,,., m Dr 71(, b.
1m ~~- of tho S IDob tbt.ak nilb\o tlla mn1am tUlo\ w14 oloo 1.8 @

•
. 76-
 c
PJogparUn af Craaa sacuan - Glrl:l•r

tan .20 tan l- j

act uRI = II"

Vertti:al Up '-' pa.s.'!>sS

Thla work. would lndicata tn.t tha ada 1.1111uld mava har1zantall\f to the right
~e
about :J lnchaa. lt waul 1:1 be batter in thh parUoular example, ta weld tha
twa Tea aactiona, each n a ••parata aubaaaelllbly. 1t 1a aatl.oatad t.hay will
actual /,-
each bDIII about 7 lnchea, haw8VI1' thaaa aa&.~Jd be etnlghhned .in a bull-dazer,
ar thay could ba weldad 1n • pra•bent paa1t1an 10 11 to be atraight •ftar
w.ld1ng. The atra1ght TN ncUonil would than ba aa&amblad lnta tha final
~4/c"/t!lted = /3D
glrdal'. flllat1ca tMt; thh nnal waldlng wlll not ba lDcatad on tha wttb,
alanv Uta neutral Pia or tne lllhDh aacUan. Th1a llnould aauaa no ~aawlng
aaUan and wlll raaul t ln an .J.mnt; atra1Qht glrdar.
Vert/cat Down 39 ptuses

B D
'deal ~ !! .! 1!!1! !! ! !!!!!!! I! !.lll!!l .._,
•

KA~o
Tha 11111ld along with ••• lldjacant plpe t~
r•:llal rurca (fr) along VIa clrcumt'ertme:a ar =~••:~!:';t :!•~:::u .. 1nwarll
The clrcumferantlal t ...alh raaldual etrna ln tfte wld
F "" A K rl
1
..... I eQUal ta•
..L-
• v A111 • craaa aactlanal un ·ar t;ha ldld a(
K ralatl¥a ••wnt at •Jaaent
•
,..,. -inglna lllong wUn ...ld
•v • rnldual ~tnn in waJ.ct .uaa
T
!~ 1 ~:·;~~!' 1 ~0 ;~: :~:•:n-: !;:•rd radial fore• Bltl'llU U the GirGUafarana•
r •!
• • .20 tan e ,.,

0
actll.4/ "" '/
where
ct~/cula:f.eci = 11.3 °
Puttlng thla tagatnar, wa gat-
-· "V•·'nat-•o)
(Pooi-~

Ar• ~If; /.Z81> ualng: K .. lQ

O'y • 70 kil
Thle biCOmtiS•
r - - - - - - - - - - - _ ; 1 • JD • 10' kol

Ad =3.0></0L A..,J1i l(r..r "'''~-steel) ~tuai 12•

calcu.latec/ = /1.3•
!!!!!f!! r • U 5/8 ln t • 1 1/2 lft A" • 1.n 1n2
..--.......--~-
A, ... lOA/O'A..}!; • lO•If{" (1.1'~)
<:~;.:.~)" know tha v•lua or K,
Jlttii or At- a • 0 'f
lf lt war• luger, tn• Miirl"lllftl!!ll"l::::':i'::"'"

. 77.
 A c
$htJrtemn9 ol ~ D... e ~ k"'f/tqdtlW .~
ruo 1/1' t.hlak btn 1 80 te 90 teat l•a •n liJI veld&4 t~ vUk S/W tlll.et.
welda. !be t•brioa\or tlada ibQ" briDd aboat the strorlf: nb (I..X) eMI:Qt I to L teet.• ( - ..t .;.w. wU.k"''• eHct <>I tr....u••• ofiff-.)
bat; ....-u, do an baed abatlli tile vuk a:l.a CT·T),

X
ff-1
.!...
.,.
'It' y - · - ~ ~
I
-y .l.. ,.,.
,I T
---·---------------------
Ptopertt<is abaut (Jl-J<) :r"'!'l';.~:,","').,"f: ~~~
x,- = ......+:<L-t-=-:-1-'::7.;';;;.-t :I: • ..,y -t-7!'...-1 •
A.. • ..,.... ud""'" llrd# "f """ f/lkt .,.td (ill')
~.1' • <1/PSS sect_!_._ cl 91ider (tit?
1'\ • relo.trtie GIDSS ...~t,iJnill Qf't!!;f;f tt~f
r•-1• -Hi{,;;;; z.o'f~'l in 9,ra., aJj•c,,.r t~ ""'lei W~tc/1
s6nnts tl{""f ..,,til wetd.
r,.. r-(ttM)• !rB-'1~6 -(-z_.,X-IhU) • + as; 'f8 in" IT • eo.ucr"'f" rllst'dual fl!lrst{t' sfress ,,,;
....ld and acl;aeePt ..,...
(i • '-"'"fre9'Sttie ~tra ,_;, til~ "'"'?'1
/Mp t/1 of ~ 91rder ( liV'1
'-=eo' • 'lr.t>' /emile shait&,qr b!!r« F• fA..IC (}" {tbs)
~b A,. • Z. " l'z(lif6)' • .O"t 8 /n 2
dr ~.()4(.5''
\fj'!.. A,.• Z • .., l\111' • ./'f I ina
L\m .oo~A,d 1.•. .oos(.o<t&'J.2.oCf!r)l94o)".
rss.¥8)

lhti 4'""'er ts onl'f as 'i"'>d as fhe '""""'""' 114111•1 o ~ ®and®.

!k-h~ beHer va.l~~.es "~ ®ano® c..... td be abt4tne& I>~
~eci<!Mf bad on preurO...,. 'l'~rs whtch wer-e welded.

B D
Properttc!l abt>ut IY-Y) Ex,.tnple; L • le11'1th .,f 'lirdcr = liO
1

'(_ 't'.&lllrillmzllliilfj.JIL~i!!hi'.. " _y_~[A' Aa. z(t"•IO")t(.la"•lli) r 'lfi,(; m'

+.uW
A,.• ~(~,·· i.1)" • .o6. irl

Y· ~ • ··~~~ • .nu.··
I.: I{vt,.t)•.'f58}}-(,11"X.•'s) • • J'f~'7 in oJ
~ /0
fhe weld area}
(.,r;.
.,f adjacent pW«
shn'ntmq al6n<l,.'with weld ti 10 t/IR!O:s:

~ >~ooo fKi {r-Hr'du.af

t en,t'lt" st-res:~)
••
'-'
. A.d L•
A.·""~
J: • . ,~~,
"' .
.oosGo,sX.II.,.J.'U.t>) • · t!r ?J. • '? ~?

~,t.M tabl'ieatm' aald the _..... dld aot. bell.- ill th1a directlca,
In tbb aue Lhe ~~~DWn' or lner\.la (.U.lttDese) ot the Ulllber t.a YU7 lCN (t•.3la4S s.nl&>
tnd altltwah t.he def"'1.Mt1Cin ronula doel I.DdicaM • larp cletlact1tz, the valght. at
the lll8l'lber t~OIIld w4ou,b\clllll' keep 1t 1¥tDs flat. Cl1 tbe fiOCO' ot t.be tabrlcetlns: sbcl:p.

It Use 111911ber
aVeaa or:
lhD"8 to at.ut. 1\Rlng \IP off at the tl00:1'1 lt VOQ14 reqnlre " bend\a&
® ..,.-11 '""ve Ji, ~war-d the cente-r
an'( '1'"9" p<>1;,t
hrie o d,Hance ~6/ 1 wheu Q) ,S th~ ,;,itu:i{
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THE JAMES EUNCOLN ARC WELDING FOUNDATION

CLEVELAND, OHIO ••
0810.17 Printed Sept. '85 5M Litho in U.S.A.