Sie sind auf Seite 1von 12

Hormone Outline

By: Stephanie Preston


The Ovarian Cycle
● Follicular phase

● Ovulation

● Luteal Phase
Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle has three phases, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.

● Follicular phase
○ The first part of the ovarian cycle. The ovarian follicle matures and gets ready to release an egg.
This phase lasts anywhere from 6-13 days.
● Ovulation
○ On approximately day 12-13 of a 28 day cycle there is a sudden surge in LH this matures the
oocyte which causes ovulation to occur on day 14.
○ During ovulation some women experience different symptoms such as abdominal pain, light
bleeding, and stringy clear egg white consistency cervical mucus.
● Luteal phase
○ The luteal phase is when the corpus luteum is formed. The corpus luteum produces oestrogen,
relaxin, inhibin and progesterone for approximately 2 weeks, to develop the endometrium. The
luteal phase lasts 14 days.
Menstrual Cycle
● Menstrual phase

● Proliferative phase

● Secretory phase
Menstrual Phase

● This is the physiological end to the reproductive cycle and it is simultaneous with the
beginning of the follicular phase. It is often referred to as a period.
● Reducing levels of oestrogen and progesterone stimulate prostaglandin release, which
causes the endometrium to spasm and withdraw the blood supply.
● The endometrium then dies and is shed. Regular menstruation lasts for 3-5 days and has
an average blood loss of 50-150ml.
● Failure to menstruate may indicate pregnancy.
● Many people experience a range of symptoms during menstruation. Symptoms in addition
to bleeding may include;
○ Breast swelling and tenderness
○ Bloating
○ Acne
○ Cramping
Proliferative Phase
This phase follows menstruation and occurs at the same time as the follicular phase and it lasts
until ovulation.

● A new layer of endometrium in the uterus is formed. This layer is under the influence of
estradiol and other estrogens secreted by the Graafian follicle.
● At the completion of this phase there are three layers of the endometrium. The basal layer,
functional layer, and the layer of the cuboidal ciliated epithelium.
● If fertilization occurs then the fertilized oocyte will implant in the endometrium. If no
oocyte is implanted then the menstrual phase would begin and the endometrium would
be shed.
Secretory Phase

This phase follows the proliferative phase and it happens at the same time as ovulation.

● During this phase the functional layer of the endometrium thickens to about 3.5 mm and

becomes spongy.

● The blood supply to the area increases and the glands produce nutritive secretions for

about 7 days awaiting the fertilized egg.


Fertilization
Fertilization
Fertilization is the fusion of genetic material from the sperm cell and the oocyte. Together they
form the zygote.

● Fertilization takes approximately 12-24 hours and occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian
tube.
● After ovulation the oocyte is pulled down the uterine tube by the cilia and peristaltic
muscular contraction. At the same time the cervix under the influence of estrogen
produces sperm attracting mucus.
● Once inside the uterine tube the first sperm that reaches the oocyte penetrates it. Then
the plasma membranes of the sperm and oocyte fuse and then meiotic division begins.
Menopause
Menopause

Menopause is the absence of menstruation for 1 year. It marks the end of reproductive abilities
for females. It typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 52 years old.

● Menopause begins with a drop of estrogen levels due to the end of ovarian function.
● Weight, nutrition, lifestyle, culture, and genetic factors all can play a part in the date that
menopause begins.
● Many people experience a varying degree of symptoms leading up to menopause such as:
○ Hot flashes
○ Mood changes
○ Decrease in memory
○ Changes in sexuality (decreased libido, vagianl lubrication, and comfort during sex)
References
• Davidson, M., London, M. & Ladewig, P. (2015). Maternal Newborn Nursing, 10th

Edition. Old Tappan, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

• Myles, M. F., Bennett, V. R., & Brown, L. K. (1993). Myles textbook for midwives.

Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

• Posner, G., Dy, J., Black, A., & Jones, G. (2013). Oxorn-Foote human labor and birth

(6th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen