Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract—A Lange coupler and a Wilkinson essential to generate the required phase shift. An
power divider have been successfully realized image rejection mixer is typically realized by
using a metamorphic high electron mobility adding an external 90 degree hybrid to an I/Q
transistor (mHEMT) monolithic microwave mixer. Fig. 1 shows the topology of a classical
integrated circuit (MMIC) process to enable the
integrated I/Q mixer with a power divider at the
integration of balanced mixers and image
rejection mixers above 200 GHz. Prior to
RF port and a Lange coupler at the LO port.
manufacturing the coupler performance has been
verified on basis of 3D EM-simulations. The Q
measurement results have been compared to the
simulations up to 220 GHz demonstrating an 50 Ω
excellent agreement. A measured insertion loss of
only 0.8 dB for the Wilkinson divider and 1.4 dB
for the Lange couplers has been achieved at RF 100 Ω
210 GHz. The four fingers Lange coupler shows a LO
measured +/- 1 dB coupling bandwidth of 46 GHz
from 174 – 220 GHz. The measured return loss is
better than 12 dB for the Lange coupler and
better than 14 dB for the Wilkinson divider. The I
measured isolation stays well above 20 dB for Fig. 1. Topology of an I/Q mixer.
both couplers.
Balanced mixers could be built by either
Index Terms—Lange coupler, Wilkinson using a single 180 degree hybrid or two 90
divider, Wilkinson combiner, quadrature coupler, degree hybrids. Fig. 2 shows the topology of a
balanced mixer, I/Q mixer, metamorphic high
balanced mixer comprising two 90 degree Lange
electron mobility transistor (mHEMT).
couplers.
IF
I. INTRODUCTION 50 Ω 50 Ω
-10 S33
S-parameter measurements are shown in Fig. 7.
S22 The two unused ports have been terminated with
-15
50 Ω NiCr resistors.
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-25 S32
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140 160 180 200 220
Frequency / GHz
IV. LANGE COUPLER Fig. 7. Photograph of the realized Lange coupler test
structures.
A four fingers structure has been chosen for
the Lange coupler with a finger length of The comparison between the simulation
124 µm which equals a quarter-wavelength at results and the measured performance of the
210 GHz and determines the center frequency of coupler is shown in Fig. 8. The port coupling is
the coupler. The width of the lines as well as the close to the simulated values and achieves
slot width between the lines are the two major -4.4 dB at 210 GHz. The relative +/- 1 dB
design parameters which effect the coupling coupling bandwidth is 23.4 % centered at
between the direct port and the coupled port of 197 GHz in the measured frequency range. The
the Lange coupler. The slot width has been linear shape of the measured port coupling
chosen to the minimum value allowed by the indicates an even higher center frequency. The
design rules of 2 µm. The width of each line is insertion loss of the Lange coupler is slightly
5.5 µm. higher compared to the Wilkinson divider since
the coupler core is realized in the 0.3 µm thick
first metal layer only. The measured isolation
between port 1 and port 4 is better than the
simulated data and achieves its maximum of
24 dB at 220 GHz. The measured return loss is
reasonably close to the simulation results and
stays above 10 dB in the relevant frequency
range.
0
S31
-5
S21
S-parameters / dB
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Fig. 6. EM-model and simulated E-field of the Lange S22
Coupler. -20
S33
ACKNOWLEDGMENT