Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Assessment
ssessment of Water Pollution of
Water Bodies using GIS - A Review
ABSTRACT
Quality and quantity of water bodies is considered and many others. Fresh water is only just 0.3 to 0.5%
main pillar for sustainable development. Assessment of the total water available
able on the earth.
of surface waterter bodies is required for growing urban
cities like Surat. Due to impact of urbanization, the Water quality assessment is the inclusive process of
surface water bodies of Surat City have been physical, chemical and biological assessment of water
adversely affected. The main Scope of study is the in relative to natural quality, human exposure and
qualitative classification of the Creek and Tapi River targeted use, especially for use that may affect the
of Surat City ity based on the effective qualitative health and well-being of human health. Water quality
parameters in the Indian water standards for drinking assessments include the use of monitoring to
purpose. The study focuses on spatial changes in determine the status of water, providing a basis for
surface water quality based on a combined detecting trends and providing information on causal
examination of physical and chemical parameters.GIS links. Important aspects of the assessment are the
is proper solution for analysing the useful information interpretation and reporting
ing of the results of the
obtain from spatial and temporal data because this monitoring and the preparation of recommendations
analysis extract information from the available spatial for future actions.
data which can be very helpful in the future decision
making. To obtain spatial dissemination of surface GIS software has been commonly used in studies and
water quality
uality parameters (as COD, BOD, pH, DO, water quality that helps any managerial decision
Turbidity, EC, TDS, TSS and Chloride), interpolating making whose environmental impaction are directly
technique is used. or indirectly related to surface water. The Geographic
Information System (GIS) is defined as an
Keywords: Water pollution; GIS; physicochemical information
on system that is used to input, store, extract,
parameters; BOD; Surface water manipulate, analyze and retrieve geographic data or
geospatial data to support decision making on land
I. Introduction use planning and management, environment,
transport, urban facilities, health services, etc.
Water is the most valuable gift to mankind. Wat Water is
the soul of nature. Water is the energetic source that is
used for different practices such as drinking, industrial
cooling, energy production, irrigation, fish production
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 1438
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
the vicinity of the coast, inhabiting and internal parts produce the final groundwater quality map. Various
of the bay. thematic maps and ArcGIS Spatial Analyst were
generated by using an interpolation technique,
Nektarios N. Kourgialas (2016) [06] prepared map for ordinary kriging to obtaine the spatial distribution of
the Fertilizer Water Pollution Index (FWPI) for groundwater quality parameters. The results show that
assessing the impact of agricultural fertilizers on the southwestern city has optimum groundwater
drinking and irrigation water quality. Groundwater quality and the groundwater quality decreases south to
samples collected from 235 different bore wells (10 north of the city.
drinking water wells and 225 irrigation wells) at
Greece were analysed to determine the potential Weiwu Yan (2016) [09] evaluated the drinking water
concentration in major and trace elements originated quality in Shanghai city at China by using a weighted
from fertilizers. The major pollutants were analysed aggregative index, a method for evaluating the
as Fe+2, Mn+2, K+1, Zn+2, Cu+2, PO4-3, NO-3 and B+3 to problems with multiple indexes. 215 monitoring sites
assess the groundwater contaminated by fertilizers. were selected for comprehensive assessment and
The spatial analysis of groundwater contamination monitoring of the drinking water quality. The quality
was performed in the form of map by interpolating the of drinking water in the study area was evaluated and
data from sampling points using Inverse Distance analyzed by seven qualitative and quantitative
Weighting (IDW) method. Fertilizer Water Pollution parameters such as color, turbidity, oxygen
Index (FWPI) map was generated using GIS. Results consumption, manganese residual chlorine, total
of this study shows that the Iron (Fe+2) and Potassium number of coliforms and total number of bacteria.
(K+1) concentration was high in the groundwater. Drinking water quality was displayed in the form of
map which was generated by GIS. Judgement matrix
Rima Chatterjee (2010) [07] studied overall water was constructed by AHP (Analytic hierarchy
quality of the Dhanbad coal mining area in India. The procedure). Spatial distribution of drinking water
main objective of the study is to assess groundwater quality was generated using Kriging interpolation
quality using GIS based on available physico- method.
chemical data from 79 locations in the Dhabad
district. During the pre-monsoon months of April- Fernando Manardi (2014) [10] represents the
May 2004, a total of 26 surface water, 41 subsurface development of a GIS-based water quality model that
water and 12 mine water samples were collected from represents the impact of point source pollutants
79 locations including urban, rural, industrial and released at distinct durations under different flow
mining areas. F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, HCO3- and Ca2+ and scenarios. The study was conducted in the Paraiba do
Mg2+ were analysed by ion chromatograph. The total Sul river basin in south-eastern Brazil. The model is
dissolved solids (TDS) ranging between 76-1.209 called SIAQUA-IPH and uses a pollution convolution
mg/l in the surface water, 144 and 1.412 mg/l in the scheme to represent multiple discharges. Seven
subsurface water and 298- 1.498 mg/l in mine water sampling points were selected for analysis of water
samples. Ca2+ and Mg2+ contribute about 70-80% of pollution in the study area.
the total hardness in surface, subsurface and mine
water of Dhanbad district. Arcview 3.2a GIS JacekAndrzej (2016) [11] created a tool that supports
contouring methods have been used to generate the assessment of regional Lake Quality using
various thematic maps on TDS, hardness, pH, and ion Landsat 8 imagery data. Lake water quality
concentration. The classification map shows that classification was done with the water framework
TDS, nitrate, chloride and fluoride are within the directives (WFD). The study area covers northern
allowable range of Dhanbad, except for TD Poland, where there are many densely distributed
concentrations in the Sindh area. clusters of postglacial lake. The study was conducted
Bilgehan Nas (2010) [08] studied the quality of on June 5 and July 7, 2014. The parameters which
groundwater in Konya, a city in central Turkey. measured for the study were as colour, dissolved
Groundwater quality was determined by sampling organic matter (CDOM), dissolved organic carbon
from 177 wells in the study area. Groundwater quality (DOC), Secchi depth (SD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and
parameters were analysed such as EC, pH, SO4-2, suspended particulate matter (SPM).
NO3-, Cl- and hardness. ArcGIS 9.0 and ArcGIS
Geostatistical Analyst were used for generation to Fang Lu (2014) [12] developed a water quality
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2018 Page: 1439
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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