For Diphu River Counterfort Retaining Wall of 6 m Height

Height of Retaining Earth = 4.5 m

Depth of Foundation below Ground Level = 1.5 m
Unit Weight of Soil ( ϒ ) = 18 KN / m ³
Angle of internal Friction in Degree φ ( 0 ) = 24
Coefficient of friction between Earth & Concrete = 0.5
Allowable Bearing Pressure on Soil = 200.0 KN / m ² Sandy clay loam (clay +30% sand),
Concrete Grade : M 15  X u  moist clay
  0.48
Steel Grade : Fe 415  d 
Unit Weight of Concrete = 25 KN / m ³

Hence Total Height of Retaining Wall ( H ) = ( 4.5 + 1.5 ) = 6.0 m

Therefore Retaining Wall Designed as a Counterfort Type.

Stability Considerations :
Coefficient of Active Earth Pressure is

 1  Sin  
K a     ( 1 - Sin 24 ) / ( 1 + Sin 24 ) = 0.422
 1  Sin  
Total force due to Earth pressure on the Wall :
1
Pa   Ka   H 2  ( 0.5 x 0.422 x 18 x 6 x 6 ) = 136.73 KN
2
This force acts horizontally at a point 2 above the foundation Level.

Consider 1 m Length of Wall.

Weight of Wall ( W 1 ) = 0.5 x ( 0.3 + 0.6 ) x 5.4 x 25 = 60.75 KN
Distance of its Line of action from Point O ( X 1 ) = 1.2 + ( 0.3 + 0.6 ) / 2 = 1.950 m

Weight of the base Slab ( W 2 ) = ( 3.6 x 0.6 x 25 ) = 54.00 KN

Distance of its Line of action from Point O ( X 2 ) = ( 3.6 / 2 ) = 1.80 m
Weight of the earth over the heel slab is ( W 3 ) = 0.5 x ( 1.8 + 2.1 ) x 5.4 x 18
= 189.50 KN
Distance of its Line of action from Point O ( X 3 ) = 3.6 - (2/3) x ( 3.6 - 1.5 - 0.5 x ( 0.6 + 0.3 ) )
= 2.30 m

Overturning Moment due to dead Load effect ( M od ) = ( 136.73 x 2 ) = 273.5 KN-m

Overturning Moment due to live Load effect ( M os ) = 0

( 1.2 M od + 1.4 M os ) = ( 1.2 x 273.46 + 1.4 x 0 ) = 328.2 KN-m

Restoring moment ( M r ) = 0.9 x ( W 1 X 1 + W 2 X 2 + W 3 X 3 )
Mr = 0.9 x ( 60.75 x 1.95 + 54 x 1.8 + 189.5 x 2.3 ) = 586.4 KN-m
It is seen that M r > ( Greater than ) ( 1.2 M od + 1.4 M os )
Hence the Structure is safe against in Overturning.

Sliding Force ( F S ) = Active earth Pressure ( P a ) = 136.73 KN

Resisting force available from friction between The Base and Soil :
F r = μ x 0.9 x ( W 1 + W 2 + W 3 )
= 0.5 x 0.9 x ( 60.75 + 54 + 189.5 ) = 136.91 KN
  Fr 
   ( 136.91 / 136.73 ) = 1.00 , Which is always less than 1.4.
 FS  Hence, the structure is unsafe in Sliding.
A key may be provided below the base to obtain additional resisting force due to Passive earth pressure in
front. The soil above the toe will be neglected from consideration as it is likely to be excavated. Remaining
depth of soil up to the bottom of the key will be considered to be provide passive resistance.
Try a key projecting 0.35 m below the base, Which will reach up to 1.85 m below the G.L.

 1  Sin  
K p     ( 1 + Sin 24 ) / ( 1 - Sin 24 ) = 2.37
 1  Sin   0.900 m
1 A
Pp   K p    H 2
2
Available Passive Earth Pressure Force on B = 0.5 x 2.37 x 18 x 1.85 x 1.85 1.850 m
= 73.00 KN
Available Passive Earth Pressure Force on A =
= 0.5 x 2.37 x 18 x 0.9 x 0.9 = 17.28 KN
B
Net available Passive Earth Pressure = ( 73 - 17.28 ) = 55.72 KN
Hence, total resisting force against Sliding is now ( F r ) =
= ( 136.91 + 55.72 ) = 192.63 KN
Fr
 ( 192.63 / 136.73 ) = 1.409 Which is greater than 1.4.
FS ð Hence, the structure has now become safe against Sliding.
Total vertical Force on Soil ( R ) = ( W 1 + W 2 + W 3 )
= ( 60.75 + 54 + 189.5 ) = 304.30 KN
Distance of its line of action from the Point O is :
H
 W1  X 1  W2  X 2  W3  X 3  Pa 
x 3  ( 60.75 x 1.95 + 54 x 1.8 + 189.5 x 2.3 - 136.73 x 6 / 3 )/ 304.3
R
= 1.24 m Take x̅ = 1.25 m
Eccentricity of R from the centre of the base is ( e ) = ( 1.8 - 1.25 ) = 0.55 m towards point O
Hence, pressure on the soil below the base is as follows :-
Below the Toe ( q 1 ) = ( 304.3 / 3.6 ) + ( 304.3 x 0.55 x 4.5 / ( 3.6 x 3.6 ) )
= ( 84.53 + 58.11 ) = 142.64 KN / m ²
Below the Heel ( q 2 ) = ( 304.3 / 3.6 ) - ( 304.3 x 0.55 x 4.5 / ( 3.6 x 3.6 ) )
is ( < =) less than
( 84.53
the -allowable
58.11 ) = bearing 26.41 KN /on
pressure m ²the Soil i.e.
Since ( q 1 ) 200.00 KN / m 2
The Structure is safe against subsidence.

Net upward or downward pressure on the base :

The Retaining wall will be designed by the limit state method for which factored loads should be
considered. Hence all the loads should be multiplied by factor 1.5
The pressure below the base will be as follows :
At the Toe = ( 1.5 x q 1 ) = ( 1.5 x 142.64 ) = 213.96 KN / m ²

At the Heel = ( 1.5 x q 2 ) = ( 1.5 x 26.41 ) = 39.62 KN / m ²

 1.2 m 1.800 m
A B C D
0.600 m 0.600 m

39.62 KN-m ²
155.85 126.79
214 KN / m ²
Pressure Distribution below the Base

134.64 KN-m ²
18
KN / m 2 Load intensity from above

95.00 KN-m ²

7.8 KN / m 2
195.96 137.85 KN / m 2
KN / m 2 Resultant Load Intensity on Base Slab
Factored load intensity on the base due to self weight of base and the earth above is as follows :
At Point A = ( 1.2 x 0.6 x 25 ) = 18.00 KN-m ²
At Point B = ( 1.2 x 0.6 x 25 ) = 18.00 KN-m ²
At Point C = 1.2 x ( 0.6 x 25 + 5.4 x 18 ) = 134.64 KN-m ²
At Point D = 1.2 x ( 0.6 x 25 + 5.4 x 18 ) = 134.64 KN-m ²

Design of Heel Slab :

Let the spacing of the Counterforts be kept = ( 0.4 x H ) = ( 0.4 x 6 ) = 2.4 m C / C
Let the thickness of the Counterforts be kept = 0.30 m
The Heel Slab is a continuous slab spanning horizontally over the counterforts & bearing a net
vertical load intensity. Consider a 1.0 m ( 1000 mm ) wide strip of slab.
Clear Span = ( 2.4 - 0.3 ) = 2.10 m
( 1/12 ) of Clear Span = ( 0.083 ) x 2.1 x 1000 = 175.00 mm
It is seen that the supports are wider than ( 1 / 12 ) of clear span.
Hence, effective span = ( Clear Span ) = 2.1 m
Bending moment in the strip of slab, near counterforts is

wl2
M u   ( 95 x 2.1 x 2.1 ) / 12 = 34.9 KN-m
12
Effective depth for balanced condition is found as :
0.36 x 15 x 0.48 x ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.48 ) x 1000 x ( d2 ) = 34.9 x 1000000
d = 129.86 mm , Say 130 mm
Tension Reinforcement near top surface -
A st = 34.9 x 1000000 / ( 0.87 x 415 x (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 130 )
= 931.31 mm 2 / m
Critical section for shear occurs at the face where the slab joints with the counterforts.
Shear force ( V u ) : Vu= 0.5 x ( 2.4 - 0.3 ) x 95 = 99.8 KN
ð τ V = 99.8 x 1000 / ( 1000 x 130 ) = 0.77 N / mm ²
( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 100 x 931.31 / ( 1000 x 130 ) = 0.716
From Design Shear Strength of Concrete Table :-
For ( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 0.72 , ð τC= 0.529 N / mm ²
Since τ V > ( greater than ) τ C , hence the slab is unsafe in Shear.
Hence, it is proposed to increase the effective depth of the slab while keeping the percentage ( % ) of
tension reinforcement is same as before.
Try an effective depth ( d ) = 200 mm
τ V = 99.8 x 1000 / ( 1000 x 200 ) = 0.499 N / mm ²
Now τ V < ( less than ) τ C , hence the slab is safe in Shear.
Tension Reinforcement :-
A st = ( 200 / 130 ) x 931.31 = 1432.78 mm 2 / m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bars - @ 45 mm C / C, near the top surface. The spacing may be
increased towards the stem to 200 mm C / C
Keep overall thickness = ( 200 + 35 ) = 235.00 mm
( Keeping End Cover or end spacing = 35 mm )
Temperature & Shrinkage Reinforcement = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 235 x 1000 = 282 mm 2 / m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bars - @ 200 mm C / C, at right angles to the main reinforcement.
Bending moment at the mid-span :

wl2 ( 95 x 2.1 x 2.1 ) / 16 = 26.2 KN-m

M u  
16
Tension Reinforcement near bottom surface -
0.87 x 415 x A st x ( 200 - 415 / ( 15 x 1000 ) x A st ) = 26.2 x 1000000
200 x A st - ( A st ) x2
0.028 = 72566.13
a = 0.028 b = -200.000 c = 72566.13


6759.45 mm 2 / m ( When taking + sign)
A st =
383.41 mm 2 / m ( When taking - sign)
Taking ( - ) sign, hence A st = 383.41 mm 2 / m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bars - @ 200 mm C / C, near the bottom surface.

Design of Vertical Slab :

Clear height of vertical slab over the heel = ( 6 - 0.6 ) = 5.400 m
Considering 1 m high strip of slab spanning horizontally & continuous over the counterforts.
Effecyive Span = 2.100 m as for the heel slab.
 Average intensity of earth pressure on the strip = ( K a x ϒ x h )
= 1.5 x 0.422 x 18 x ( 5.4 + 4.4 ) / 2 = 55.8 KN / m ²
Bending moment in the strip of slab, near counterforts is

w  l 2 ( 55.83 x 2.1 x 2.1 ) / 12 = 20.50 KN-m/m

Mu  
12
Effective depth for balanced condition is found as :
0.36 x 15 x 0.48 x ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.48 ) x 1000 x ( d2 ) = 20.5 x 1000000
d = 99.5 mm
Tension Reinforcement near top surface -
A st = 20.5 x 1000000 / ( 0.87 x 415 x (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 99.5 )
= 714.73 mm 2 / m
( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 100 x 714.73 / ( 1000 x 99.5 ) = 0.718
From Design Shear Strength of Concrete Table :-
For ( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 0.718 , ð τC= 0.53 N / mm ²
Since thickness of slab will be kept at least 130 mm, the effective depth will be
( 200 - 35 ) = 165 mm. If the % of reinforcement is kept unchange, than τ C = 0.53 N / mm 2
as before. Hence tension reinforcement :
A st = ( 165 / 99.5 ) x 714.73 = 1185.23 mm 2 / m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bars - @ 95 mm C / C, near the back face.
the spacing may be increased to 300 mm C / C, towards the top.
Critical section for shear occurs at the face where the slab joins with counterforts.
Shear force ( V u ) : V u = 0.5 x ( 2.4 - 0.3 ) x 55.83 = 58.6 KN
Therefore, τ V = 58.6 x 1000 / ( 1000 x 165 ) = 0.355 N / mm ²
Now τ V < ( less than ) τ C , hence the vertical slab is safe in Shear.
Bending moment at the mid-span :

wl2 ( 55.83 x 2.1 x 2.1 ) / 16 = 15.39 KN-m/m

M u  
16
Tension Reinforcement -
0.87 x 415 x A st x ( 165 - 415 / ( 15 x 1000 ) x A st ) = 15.39 x 1000000
165 x A st - ( A st ) x
2
0.028 = 42625.68
a = 0.028 b = -165.000 c = 42625.68


5622.08 mm / m ( When taking + sign)
2
A st =
270.78 mm 2 / m ( When taking - sign)
Taking ( - ) sign, hence A st = 270.78 mm 2 / m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bars - @ 200 mm C / C, on the front face.
the spacing may be increased to 300 mm C / C, towards the top.
Temperature & Shrinkage Reinforcement = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 130 x 1000 = 156 mm 2 / m
Provide 10 mm dia. Bars - @ 300 mm C / C, may be provided in vertical direction.

Design of Toe : The toe bends upward as a cantilever due to upward soil reaction.
Bending moment ( M u ) :
Mu = ( 2 x 195.96 + 137.845 ) x 1.2 x 1.2 / 6 = 127.10 KN-m/m
Effective depth for balanced condition is found as :
0.36 x 15 x 0.48 x ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.48 ) x 1000 x ( d2 ) = 127.1 x 1000000
d = 247.8 mm , Say 250 mm
Tension Reinforcement :
A st = 127.1 x 1000000 / ( 0.87 x 415 x (1-0.42 x 0.48) x 250 )
= 1763.67 mm 2 / m
Provide 16 mm dia. Bars - @ 85 mm C / C.
( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 100 x 1763.67 / ( 1000 x 250 ) = 0.705
From Design Shear Strength of Concrete Table :-
For ( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 0.705 , ð τC= 0.53 N / mm ²
Overall depth of toe slab = ( 250 + 35 ) = 285 mm
Critical section for shear occurs at an effective depth i.e. 0.250 m away from the front
of the vertical wall.
Shear force ( V u ) : Vu= 0.5 x ( 195.96 - 145.48 ) x 1.25 x 10 = 315.50 KN/m
Therefore, τ V = 315.5 x 1000 / ( 1000 x 250 ) = 1.260 N / mm ²
As τ V > ( greater than ) τ C , hence , the toe slab is unsafe in Shear.
Now V uc = 0.529 x 1000 x 250 / 1000 = 132.25 KN/m
Provide 32 mm dia. Bars - @ inclined at 45 ° to the horizontal at a spacing of 425 mm C / C.
Shear Strength of inclined bars is :

Vus  0.87  f y  Asv  Sin(450 )  ( 0.87 x 415 x 803.84 x Sin 45 / 1000 ) = 205.22 KN/m
Hence, strength of toe slab in shear is V u = ( V uc + V us )
Vu = ( 132.25 + 205.22 ) = 337.47 KN/m
which is > (greater than the shear force viz. 315.50 KN/m
The toe slab is therefore safe in shear.
Temperature & Shrinkage Reinforcement = ( 0.12 / 100 ) x 285 x 1000 = 342 mm 2 / m
Provide 10 mm dia. Bars - @ 180 mm C / C, at right angles to main reinforcement bars.

Design of Shear Key :

The key projects 0.35 m below the base, and its lowest point is 1.85 m
below the G.L. in the front.
Factored bending moment on the key is ( M u ) :

1.76 1.76
M u  1 .5  K p    h   h  1.5  dh  1.5 x
 2.37 x 18 x ( h 2 - 1.5 h ) dh
1.5 1.76 1.5
= 63.99 x  h3 h2  = 4.96 KN-m/m
  1 .5  
3 2  1.5
This is a small bending moment. A shear key of thickness 100 mm and having vertical
reinforcement of 10 mm dia. bars - @ 200 mm C / C will be sufficient.

Design of Counterforts :
For taking up tension, steel reinforcement should be provided alon the sloping edge and the
vertical is α = 21.45 °. One counterfort supports earth pressure from 3 m width of
the vertical slab. Maximum bending moment occurs where the counterforts meets the base.
At this point depth of earth = ( 6 - 0.6 ) = 5.4 m .
Factored bending moment ( M u ) : -

1 ³
M u  1.5   K a    h 3  3 = 1.5 x ( 1 / 6 ) x ( 0.422 ) x 18 x 3 x ( 5.4 )
6 = 897.07 KN-m/m
 Even for a rectangular beam of width = 300 mm, the required effective depth for
balanced condition, is given by -
0.36 x 15 x 0.48 x ( 1 - 0.42 x 0.48 ) x 300 x ( d2 ) = 897.07 x 1000000
d = 1202.1 mm , Say 1220 mm
Overall depth of counterfort available at the base = 3000.0 mm, and effective depth available
there will be at least = ( 3000 - 100 ) = 2900.0 mm, which is more than required.
Hence, the dimensions of counterfort are alright.
Tension reinforcement required in the counterfort is -
0.87 x 415 x A st x ( 2900 - 415 / ( 15 x 300 ) x A st ) = 897.07 x 1000000
2900 x A st - ( A st ) x 2
0.092 = 2484614.32
a = 0.092 b = -2900.0 c = 2484614.32


30640.33 mm / m ( When taking + sign)
2
A st =
881.41 mm 2 / m ( When taking - sign)
Taking ( - ) sign, hence A st = 881.41 mm 2 / m
Provide 16 mm dia. Bars - 10 Nos. in two layers of 5 bars in each row.
The force which tries to separate the strip from the counterfort is
= 1.5 x K a x ϒ x h x ( 3 - 0.3 ) = ( 1.5 x 0.422 x 18 x 4.9 x 2.7 ) °
= 150.74 KN/m
Area of two legged ties = ( 150.74 x 1000 ) / ( 0.87 x 415 ) = 417.50 mm ² / m
Provide 10 mm dia. Two legged ties in horizontal direction, with a vertical spacing of
300 mm C / C. This spacing may be maintained up to the top.
Critical section for shear occurs where counterfort joins with the base slab.

1 1.5 x ( 1/2 ) x 0.422 x 18 x 3 x ( 6 - 0.6 ) ²

Vu  1. 5   Ka    h2  3 =
2 = 498.37 KN
Mu 498.37 - ( 897.07 / 2.9 ) x tan ( 21.45 ° ) = 376.9 KN
Vu   tan(  ) 
d τ v = 376.9 x 1000 / ( 300 x 2900 ) = 0.433 N / mm ²
 100  Ast  = ( ( 100 x 10 x 200.96 ) / ( 300 x 2900 ) ) x Cos ( 21.45 ) °
 
 b  d  = 0.215
From Design Shear Strength of Concrete Table :-
For ( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 0.215 , ð τC= 0.350 N / mm ²
è V uc = ( 0.35 x 300 x 2900 / 1000) = 304.50 KN
For the Ties already provided :-
V us = 0.87 x 415 x 2 x ( 3.141 / 4 ) x 10 x 10 x 2900 / ( 300 x 1000 )
= 548.23 KN
 ( V uc + V us ) = ( 304.5 + 548.23 ) = 852.73 KN

It is seen that  ( V uc + V us ) > (greater than )  Mu 

 tan( ) 
Vu 
 d 
Hence, the counterfort section is safe against shear.
Bending moment in the counterfort decrease towards the top. Tension reinforcement can, therefore, be
curtailed accordingly.
Hence, depth from top where 5 bars out of 10 bars are no longer required.
h = ( 5.4 / 2 ) = 2.700 m
It is proposed to extend 5 bars of the inner layer by 12 times the bar dia.
beyond this point and then curtail them. Hence, actual point of cut-off from top -
= ( 2.7 - 12 x 0.016 ) = 2.508 m from top.
 At this point, Shear Force is -

1
Vu  1.5   Ka    h2  3 = ( 1 / 2 ) x 1.5 x 0.422 x 18 x 2.508 x 2.508 x 3 = 107.50 KN
2
Effective depth at this point = ( 0.3 + 2.508 x Tan 21.45° - 0.1 ) = 1.185 m
Available tension reinforcement after cut-off is -
A st = ( 5 x 201.056 ) = 1006.4 mm ²
( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 100 x 1006.4 / ( 1220 x 300 ) = 0.275
From Design Shear Strength of Concrete Table :-
For ( 100 x A st ) / ( b x d ) = 0.275 , ð τC= 0.361 N / mm ²
è V uc = ( 0.361 x 300 x 1220 / 1000) = 132.13 KN
For the 10 mm dia. Two legged ties spaced at 300 mm C / C
V us = 0.87 x 415 x 2 x ( 3.141 / 4 ) x 10 x 10 x 1220 / ( 300 x 1000 )
= 230.64 KN
 ( V uc + V us ) = ( 132.126 + 230.64 ) = 362.77 KN
 2  ( V uc + V us ) = ( 0.667 x 362.77 ) = 241.96 KN
  
 3  Vu
It is seen that < (less than )  2  ( V uc + V us )
  
 3 
Hence, the 5 bars can be safely curtailed at this point.
Vertical ties are needed to connect the heel slab to the counterfort. Consider a strip of unit width of slab,
in horizontal direction and supported over the counterforts. Clear width of slab between two
Counterforts = ( 3 - 0.3 ) = 2.70 m .
Total downward force trying to separate the strip from the counterforts at the point D is -
= ( 95 x 2.7 ) = 256.5 KN / m
Sectional area of two legged vertical ties required here is -
= ( 256.5 x 1000 ) / ( 0.87 x 415 ) = 710.43 mm ² / m
Spacing of 10 mm dia. Two legged vertical ties is -
= ( 2 x 78.5375 / 710.43 ) x 1000 = 221.10 mm C / C
Provide a spacing of 150.00 mm C / C at this point.
Towards the point C , the vertical load intensity is only 7.8 KN/m 2. Total downward force
at the point C is - = ( 7.8 x 2.7 ) = 21.1 KN / m
Sectional area of two legged vertical ties required here is -
= ( 21.06 x 1000 ) / ( 0.87 x 415 ) = 58.33 mm ² / m
Adopt a spacing of 300.0 mm C / C at this point.

Joint Reinforcement :-
At the junction of the vertical wall with the base slab, a rigid connection can be ensured by providing
additional joint reinforcement. 0.30 % of concrete area may be provided as
reinforcement in the vertical slab, extending for a height of 2.50 m. These bars
should be embedded into the heel slab also.
Area of reinforcement = 0.3 % of ( 1000 x 130 ) = 390.0 mm ² / m
Provide 12 mm dia. Bars - @ 180 mm C / C, as joint reinforcement.
 0.3 m

4.5 m

W1= 60.75 KN 6.0 m

X 1 = 1.65 m
W3= 189.50 KN

X 3 = 2.30 m Pa = 136.73 KN

0.600 m

1.5 m W2= 54.00 KN 2.00 m

0.600 m
1.85 m
O
1.2 m 0.35 m

3.6 m
X 2 = 1.80 m
 0.3 m

12 mm dia. Bars @ 300 0

mm C/C 10 mm - 2 Legged ties -
0
@ 300 mm C/C
0

2.508 m
0
16 mm - 5 Nos.

0 Cut off point

6.0 m
0
16 mm - 10 Nos.
0

10 mm - 2 Legged Ties,
300 mm C/C 10 mm - 2 Legged Ties,
150 mm C/C
0
32 mm - 425 mm C/C
12 mm dia. Bars @ 95
mm C/C
10 mm - 180 mm C/C
0 0 0 0

0
0
0 0 0 0.29 m

0.35 m 16 mm bars @ 85 mm C/C 12 mm - @ 200 mm 12 mm @ 45 mm C/C

10 mm - 200 mm C/C C/C
3.6 m
1.2 m 0.1 m
Side View

2.4 m

0.30 m

Counterforts

12 mm - 45 mm C/C, increased to
1.25 m 200 mm C/C towards wall
12 mm - 200 mm C/C
0 0
0 0 0 0 0.600 m
 12 mm - 200 mm C/C
End View
 0

0 0

12 mm dia. - 95 mm
12 mm dia. - 200 mm
0 1.25 m C/C, Increased to 300
C/C, increased to 300 mm C/C towards Top
mm C/C at Top 10 mm dia. - 300 mm C/C 2.4 m
0

1.25 m
0 0
0.30 m

0.3 m

Sectional Plan

12 mm dia. Bars @ 180 mm C/C

2.5 m

1.25 m

Joint Reinforcement
Sr.No. Part Name Area Length Volume
Concrete Area of 1:1:2 Mix
1 Concrete Area of vertical slab W1 0.5 x ( 0.3 + 0.6 ) x 5.4 = 2.43 10.00 m 24.30
2 Concrete Area of Counterfort W2 0.5 x 5.4 x 1.8 = 4.86 1.20 m 5.83
Total Volume of 1:1:2 Concrete = 30.13 m3
3 Reinforcement Required 0.5 % of Concrete ( 0.5 / 100 ) x 30.13 = 0.151 8000 1205.2 Kg

Concrete Area of 1:1.5:3 Mix

4 Concrete Area of base slab W3 ( 3.6 x 0.6 ) = 2.16 10.00 m 21.60
5 Concrete Area of Toe W4 ( 0.35 x 0.6 ) = 0.21 10.00 m 2.10
Total Volume of Concrete = 23.70 m3
6 Reinforcement Required 0.5 % of Concrete ( 0.5 / 100 ) x 23.7 = 0.119 8000 948.0 Kg

Total Excavation for Retaining Wall = ( 4.6 x 7 x 10 ) = 322 m ³

S No. QUANTITY DESCRIPTION OF ITEM FOR RETAINING WALL RATE PER AMOUNT

A2.7 : Earth work in excavation over areas (exceeding 30 cm in depth,

1.5m in width as well as 10 sqm on plan) including disposal of
1
excavated earth, lead upto 50 m and lift upto 1.5 m, disposed earth to be
levelled and neatly dressed.
322 A2.7.1 : Ordinary rock. 270 CUM ( m 3 ) 86940

A4.2 : Providing and laying cement concrete in retaining walls, return

walls, walls (any thickness) including attached pilasters, columns, piers,
abutments, pillars, posts, struts, buttresses, string or lacing courses,
2
parapets, coping, bed blocks, anchor blocks, plain window sills, fillets
etc. upto a floor five level, excluding the cost of centering, shuttering
and finishing.

A4.2.2 → 1:1:5:3 (1 Cement:1.5 coarse sand : 3 graded stone aggregate

(a) 23.70 6512.51 CUM ( m 3 ) 154346.487
20 mm nominal size)
A4.2.1 → 1:1:2 (1 Cement : 1 coarse sand : 2 graded stone aggregate 20
(b) 30.13 7212.32 CUM ( m 3 ) 217307.2016
mm nominal size)
A5.18 : Reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting,
3 2153.2 bending, placing in position and binding all complete .
A5.18.4 : Hot rolled deformed bars (Tor) 71.98 Kg 154987.336
A2.25 : Filling available excavated earth (excluding rock) in trenches,
plinth, sides of foundations etc. in layers not exceeding 20cm in depth:
4 268.17 54.94 CUM ( m 3 ) 14733.26
consolidating each deposited layer by ramming and watering, lead up to
50 m and lift upto 1.5 m
Total 628314.2844
Cost of Retaining Wall for 10 m Length = 6.28 Lakhs
Cost of Retaining Wall for 1 m Length = 0.63 Lakhs
Sample Location Angle of internal Cohesion (c) Soil Bearing Cap
Number friction (F)
1 93º42' E 26º40' N 22 0.5 N/cm2 Soil Type
2 93º43' E 26º39' N 17 6 Soft, wet, pasty or muddy s
3 93º44' E 26º37' N 33 3.03 Alluvial soil, loam, sandy loam (cl
4 93º46' E 26º38' N 28 1.6 Sandy clay loam70% sand)
(clay +30% sand
clay
5 93º47' E 26º37' N 27 2.6 Compact clay, nearly dry
6 93º50' E 26º34' N 30 1.05 Solid clay with very fine sa
7 93º53' E 26º34' N 36 0.42 Dry compact clay (thick lay
8 93º55' E 26º31' N 17 1.32 Loose sand
9 93º57' E 26º30' N 36 2.2 Compact sand
10 93º57' E 26º28' N 28 2 Red earth
11 93º57' E 26º26' N 18 1.32 Murram
12 93º55' E 26º24' N 20 0.64 Compact gravel
13 93º54' E 26º22' N 18 0.34 Rock
14 93º53' E 26º19' N 17 0.63
15 93º52' E 26º16' N 16 0.51 The geotechnical properties of the b
16 93º50' E 26º13' N 23 1.03 bank stability analysis along the Dhansi
17 93º50' E 26º08' N 15 0.8 provided valuable information in land
18 93º47' E 26º03' N 18 0.67 Texturally dominant Sandy-Clay-Lo
19 93º48' E 26º02' N 26 0.45 subordinate Clay-Loam (24%), ranging
20 93º48' E 25º58' N 18 0.31 5x10-4 to 1x10-6 cm/sec has characterize
23.15 1.371 with poor stability susceptible t

Different geotechnical parameters and critical height for a few locations along the bank of the Dhansiri River

Sample Location γ β cu ɸu c' = 2/3 cu Ø' = tan-1 Hc Zone

Barguriagaon 1.79 41.25º 2.6 27º 173 18.76º 31.74 Risk

Butalikhowa 1.87 31.63º 2.2 36º 147 25.84º 290.91 Unstable
Golaghat 1.54 41.25º 1.05 30º 70 21.05º 18.19 Risk
Dachmuagaon 1.53 41.87º 2 28º 133 19.52º 29.12 Risk

Parameters in relation to bank stability at two different conditions for the Dhansiri River channel sediment
b Saturated Unsaturated
F' Sn c' gsat Hc Fm Sn cm g Hc
(N/cm2) (N/CC) (cm) (N/cm2) (N/CC) (cm)
25° 0° 18.04 0.91 0.019 864.16 21.29° 751.60 1.31 0.0172 57244.25
30° 0° 14.93 0.91 0.019 714.98 21.29° 161.59 1.31 0.0172 12306.94
35° 0° 12.69 0.91 0.019 607.61 21.29° 075.03 1.31 0.0172 5714.38
40° 0° 10.99 0.91 0.019 526.36 21.29° 045.33 1.31 0.0172 3452.73
45° 0° 09.66 0.91 0.019 462.51 21.29° 031.22 1.31 0.0172 2377.98
50° 0° 08.58 0.91 0.019 410.85 21.29° 023.22 1.31 0.0172 1768.79
55° 0° 07.68 0.91 0.019 368.03 21.29° 018.16 1.31 0.0172 1382.90
60° 0° 06.93 0.91 0.019 331.84 21.29° 014.69 1.31 0.0172 1119.04
65° 0° 06.28 0.91 0.019 300.72 21.29° 012.19 1.31 0.0172 0928.50
70° 0° 05.71 0.91 0.019 273.61 21.29° 010.30 1.31 0.0172 0784.24
75° 0° 05.21 0.91 0.019 249.67 21.29° 008.82 1.31 0.0172 0671.81
80° 0° 04.77 0.91 0.019 228.32 21.29° 007.64 1.31 0.0172 0581.63
85° 0° 04.37 0.91 0.019 209.07 21.29° 006.67 1.31 0.0172 507.60
90° 0° 04.00 0.91 0.019 191.58 21.29° 005.85 1.31 0.0172 445.55
 Soil Bearing Capacities

Soil Type kN/m²

Soft, wet, pasty or muddy soil 27 - 35
l soil, loam, sandy loam (clay +40 to
80 - 160
clay loam70% sand)
(clay +30% sand), moist
215 - 270
clay
Compact clay, nearly dry 215 - 270
Solid clay with very fine sand -430
Dry compact clay (thick layer) 320 - 540
Loose sand 160 - 270
Compact sand 215 - 320
Red earth -320
Murram -430
Compact gravel 750 - 970
Rock -1700

echnical properties of the bank sediments and

y analysis along the Dhansiri River channel have
aluable information in land resource evaluation.
ally dominant Sandy-Clay-Loam (76%) with
te Clay-Loam (24%), ranging permeability from
0-6 cm/sec has characterized the bank sediments
poor stability susceptible to liquefaction

k of the Dhansiri River

siri River channel sediments